Phytomedicine Plus最新文献

{"title":"Hesperidoside abolishes dichlorvos-mediated neurotoxicity in rats by suppressing oxidative stress, acetylcholinesterase inhibition, and NF-κB-p65/p53/caspase-3-mediated apoptosis","authors":"Adio J. Akamo ,&nbsp;Adetutu O. Ojelabi ,&nbsp;Oluwatobi T. Somade ,&nbsp;Iyabode A. Kehinde ,&nbsp;Adewale M. Taiwo ,&nbsp;Boluwatife A. Olagunju ,&nbsp;Mushafau A. Akinsanya ,&nbsp;Adedayo A. Adebisi ,&nbsp;Tobi S. Adekunbi ,&nbsp;Abiola F. Adenowo ,&nbsp;Florence Anifowose ,&nbsp;Olufemi M. Ajagun-Ogunleye ,&nbsp;Ofem E. Eteng ,&nbsp;Jacob K. Akintunde ,&nbsp;Regina N. Ugbaja","doi":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2024.100701","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2024.100701","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>In third-world countries, poisoning due to dichlorvos (DDVP), an organophosphate insecticide, is prevalent due to its widespread usage in household and agriculture, with the brain bearing the brunt of the consequences. Hence, this study assessed the likely beneficial impact of hesperidoside (HESP) on the DDVP-mediated cerebral dysfunction in rat model.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Randomization was employed to earmark forty-two rats into seven groups: control, DDVP alone (8 mg.kg⁻¹day⁻¹), DDVP plus HESP (50 and 100 mg.kg⁻¹day⁻¹) and reference drug atropine (0.2 mg.kg⁻¹day⁻¹), and HESP alone (50 and 100 mg.kg⁻¹day⁻¹).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>HESP intervention remarkably (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) mitigated DDVP-potentiated augmentations in cerebral concentrations of H₂O₂, NO, and malondialdehyde; impaired DDVP-induced decrease in cerebral GSH, GST, SOD, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and acetylcholinesterase; significantly (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) suppressed DDVP-invoked upregulation of mRNA expression of NF-κB-p65, p53, BAX, caspase-3, and TNF-α; and significantly (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) revoked DDVP-incited downregulation of interleukin-10.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>HESP chemotherapeutic interventions enhanced cerebral functions in DDVP-treated rats by abrogating oxidative stress, acetylcholinesterase inhibition, and NF-κB-p65/p53/caspases-3 signaling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34599,"journal":{"name":"Phytomedicine Plus","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100701"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143175548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of in-vitro and in-silico antidiabetic potential, glucose metabolism, antioxidant, cytotoxicity and phytochemical content of Ipomoea bolusiana Schinz and Ipomoea crassipes Hook tubers","authors":"Garland Kgosi More ,&nbsp;Nolitha Nkobole ,&nbsp;Charmy Twala ,&nbsp;Sechaba Machedi ,&nbsp;Tebogo Amos Moswetsa ,&nbsp;Ramakwala Christinah Chokwe","doi":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100735","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100735","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder caused by genetic disorders and other factors such as the use of certain medications, pancreatic injury, and autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and high blood pressure. However, several therapeutic agents are currently used to manage blood sugar levels, thus reducing the risk of complications. Despite efforts to treat or manage this disease, current therapeutic agents have detrimental side effects, presenting a considerable need to develop new effective drugs with fewer adverse effects.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;The aim of the study&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;This study aimed to evaluate the inhibitory capacity of &lt;em&gt;I. bolusiana&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;I. crassipe&lt;/em&gt; plant extracts on α-amylase enzyme and to assess the antioxidant capacity. Furthermore, the evaluation of the cytotoxicity properties and glucose metabolism of the extracts was carried out in RAW 264.7 macrophages, C3A hepatocytes and L6 myoblast cell lines.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;In vitro antidiabetic activity was tested with α-amylase enzyme inhibition method and antioxidant activity was evaluated. Furthermore, their ability to quench free radicals was investigated using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) free radical scavenging method and the superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme scavenging method was investigated. Cytotoxicity and glucose metabolism were measured in macrophage (RAW 264.7), hepatocytes (C3A) and myoblast (L6) cells using the colorimetric test 3- (4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) -2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT). Furthermore, phytochemical characterization and tentative identification was performed using FTIR, &lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;H&lt;img&gt;NMR and UHPLC&lt;img&gt;Orbitrap HRMS, FTIR, whilst computational studies were also employed to determine the biochemical interaction, antidiabetic and inhibitory potential of the extracts with the α-amylase enzyme.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The extracts of &lt;em&gt;I. bolusiana&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;I. crassipes&lt;/em&gt; exhibited moderate inhibitory activity against α-amylase with an inhibitory percentage range of 10.72 – 30.08 %. The extracts did not show cytotoxic effects in the treated cells. The extracts of &lt;em&gt;I. bolusiana&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;I. crassipes&lt;/em&gt; significantly increased glucose uptake in L6 and C3A cell lines. The extracts reduced the DPPH and ABTS radicals, showing a range of IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; values of 7.35 ± 0.43 - 12.02 ± 0.21 µg/mL. However, the extracts were less toxic to the cells as they showed IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; values &gt; 20 µg/mL. The phytochemical evaluation demonstrated the presence of phenolics, chlorogenic acids, coumarin glucosides and flavonoids in the extracts, which were docked with the α-amylase enzyme. 5-caffeoylquinic acid exhibited the highest binding energy of -6.829 kcal/mol.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;This study presents various important phytoconstituents and broad-spe","PeriodicalId":34599,"journal":{"name":"Phytomedicine Plus","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100735"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143177633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuroprotective role of epigallocatechin-3-gallate, albeginin and melanoxetin in alzheimer's disease","authors":"Arif Malik ,&nbsp;Mehreen Hassan ,&nbsp;Sulayman Waquar ,&nbsp;Muhammad Wasim ,&nbsp;Anam Naz ,&nbsp;Faryal M. Awan ,&nbsp;Muhammad T. Khan ,&nbsp;Ali I. Khawaja ,&nbsp;Sumera Zaib ,&nbsp;Jamshed Iqbal ,&nbsp;Ayesha Zahid ,&nbsp;Marvi Marvi ,&nbsp;Javeid Iqbal ,&nbsp;Heng Wang ,&nbsp;Dong-Qing Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100740","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100740","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a heterogeneous and progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive impairment and behavioral disturbances. Phytochemicals are considered safer alternatives and have shown significant efficacy in inhibiting cholinesterase, scavenging free radicals, inhibiting amyloid-β neurotoxicity, reducing inflammation, and interacting with neurotransmitters, thereby slowing down the progression of AD.</div></div><div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>EGCG, is an antioxidant/anti-inflammatory that lowers amyloid-b and tau aggregation in AD models and improves cognition at preclinical dosages of 25–100 mg/kg/day and clinical doses of 200–800 mg/ Albeginin, a new flavonoid, reduces neuroinflammation in rats at 10–50 mg/kg/day, equal to 100–200 mg/day in humans. Melanoxetin, a phenolic molecule, chelates toxic metals, lowers ROS, and protects neurons at 15–40 mg/kg/day in animal models and 50–150 mg/day in humans. These chemicals show promise for Alzheimer's treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>The study targeted specific AD-related proteins, including acetylcholinesterase (AChE), alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase (AKT-1), β-secretase-1 (BACE-1), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), caspase-3, glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3), interleukin-6 (IL-6), mitogen-activated protein kinase-2 (MAPK-2), matrix metalloproteins-8 (MMP-8), N-methyl-<span>d</span>-aspartate receptor (NMDAR), Peptidyl arginine deiminase-2 (PAD-2), Presenilin-1 (PSEN-1), mitogen-activated protein kinase-14 (MAPK-14/P38), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Before conducting experimental work, molecular dynamic (MD) simulations were performed to assess the binding affinity of EGCG, albeginin, and melanoxetin against the selected targets. Sprague Dawley rats were injected with colchicine to induce AD, followed by treatment with the selected phytocompounds for three weeks.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In silico results indicated strong binding interactions of EGCG, albeginin, and melanoxetin with the target proteins. The rats treated with these phytocompounds showed a significant reduction in oxidative stress, inflammation, Aβ plaque formation, neurofibrillary tangles, and anticholinesterase activity.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This is the first comprehensive study on the therapeutic role of EGCG, albeginin, and melanoxetin against AD. These phytocompounds demonstrate potential for better management of AD in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34599,"journal":{"name":"Phytomedicine Plus","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100740"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143177634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethnobotany, floristic and phytochemical studies of medicinal plants used to treat uterine fibroids in Mbarara City, Uganda","authors":"Calton Nantinda ,&nbsp;Esther Lynnet Kisakye ,&nbsp;David Musana ,&nbsp;Isaac Ssessanga ,&nbsp;Ukashar Ssenabulya ,&nbsp;Timothy Omara ,&nbsp;Ivan Kahwa ,&nbsp;Florence Nalimu","doi":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100729","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100729","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Uterine fibroids (UF) are the most common non-cancerous benign gynaecologic tumours in premenopausal females. In Uganda, the prevalence of UF is estimated at 20%, and several risk factors have been identified as contributing to this prevalence. This study aimed to document the ethnobotanical knowledge of traditional medicine practitioners (TMPs) in Mbarara City, Southwestern Uganda on the use of medicinal plants for UF management. The TMPs play a vital role in the healthcare within this region, often incorporating conventional diagnostic methods such as ultrasound scans before providing herbal treatments. To achieve the study aim, data was collected from April 2024 to May 2024 using structured questionnaires administered. Twenty-six (26) respondents were selected using purposive and snowball sampling techniques. Data were gathered on sociodemographic characteristics, treatment-seeking behaviour, and use of herbal formularies for treatment of UF. Statistical analysis involved descriptive statistics, and computation of the frequency of citation, relative frequency of citation and fidelity level. Our results indicated that most TMPs knew about UF and valued conventional means of diagnosis before initiating herbal treatment. Forty-seven (47) plant species belonging to 32 families and 45 genera were identified. Fabaceae (10.6%), Asteraceae, Lamiaceae (8.5% each), Asparagaceae and Cucurbitaceae (6.4% each) were the most ordinary families. At the same time, <em>Oxygonum sinuatum, Hoslundia opposita, Opuntia ficus-indica, Sesamum angustifolium, Phyllathus niruri, Ricinus communis, Erythrina abyssinica</em> and <em>Leonotis nepetifolia</em> were the most frequently cited species. Leaves (47.6%), stems (17.5%) and flowers (9.5%) of herbs (61.7%), trees (23.4%) and shrubs (14.9%) were the primarily utilized plant parts for preparing decoctions that are administered orally (94%). Classical phytochemical screening of plant organs from the eight most cited species indicated flavonoids, phytosterols, terpenoids, saponins and alkaloids. With initial evidence of the bioactive secondary metabolites, this study underscores the need for further bioassay-guided studies to isolate and characterize bioactive molecules associated with the anti-fibroid efficacy of the species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34599,"journal":{"name":"Phytomedicine Plus","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100729"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143176968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of gut microbiota in disease management: Ayurvedic perspectives on metabolic diseases and health","authors":"Bhawana Jangra,&nbsp;Shreyanshi Kulshreshtha,&nbsp;Alok Goyal,&nbsp;Sanjay M. Jachak","doi":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100731","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100731","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>In the past few years, the critical role of gut microbiome in the maintenance of overall health and various diseases has captured significant attention. Various studies underline the importance of maintaining a healthy gut. For centuries, Ayurvedic medicinal plants have been used to treat gut-related diseases and are believed to act as prebiotics, thereby enhancing beneficial gut bacteria. These plants possess incredible therapeutic properties and are able to inhibit TNF-<em>α</em>, NF-<em>κ</em>B, COX, LOX, <em>α</em>-amylase, <em>α</em>-glucosidase, etc. They are well documented and used for treating conditions like IBS, chronic diarrhoea, constipation, ulcerative colitis, Agnimandya (digestive impairment), Mandagni (impaired digestive fire) and other gut-related diseases.</div></div><div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>This review is aimed at collecting scientific insights on gut health, focusing on traditional medicinal plants like Babool, Turmeric, Ashwagandha, Ghrit kumari, Tulsi, Harad, Baheda, Amala, and the Triphala formulation. Exploring their phytoconstituents and Ayurvedic formulations, we uncover their role in nurturing gut microbiota and combating various gut disorders.</div></div><div><h3>Study design and methods</h3><div>Consultation of various Databases and search engines such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, ResearchGate, Google Scholar, SciFinder, and other published/unpublished resources provided an overview of the published literature on the topic.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The human body is composed of both human cells and microbial cells. These microbes, when present in the gut, are collectively known as gut microbes. These have direct or indirect effects on an individual's health and diseases, <em>viz.</em> dysbiosis, UC, IBD, cardio-vascular diseases, chronic kidney disorders, etc. The interaction of various phytoconstituents present in the MFH plants with the gut microbiota has a two-way effect. While the phytoconstituents can modulate the growth of useful gut bacteria, such as <em>Bifidobacterium</em> and <em>Lactobacillus</em>, these microbes have enzymes that help in the transformation of plant moieties into active metabolites which have beneficial effects.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>It can be concluded that Ayurvedic MFH plants and formulations can help our gut stay healthy. The available literature describes that these natural remedies are quite effective in treating different gut problems. In conclusion, Ayurvedic remedies could be a great way to keep our digestion in check and improve overall health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34599,"journal":{"name":"Phytomedicine Plus","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100731"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143177632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic potential of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) on new models of asthma immune pathobiology: A review","authors":"VR Bataduwaarachchi ,&nbsp;DCJ Liyanage ,&nbsp;SMN Hansanie ,&nbsp;HDSM Perera ,&nbsp;LG D'Cruz","doi":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100749","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100749","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Asthma, a prevalent chronic immune-mediated respiratory disease, has long been a global health concern. In this context, the potential of garlic (<em>Allium sativum</em> L.) to modulate the immune pathobiology of asthma is of great interest. However, the molecular and immune-mediated effects of garlic remain inadequately explored in the context of emerging asthma pathobiological models.</div></div><div><h3>Aims of the study</h3><div>This review aims to explore the potential effects of garlic (<em>Allium sativum</em> L.) on the immune pathobiology of new asthma models and to provide guidance and comprehensive reference material for preclinical and clinical studies.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>A comprehensive literature review was conducted in PubMed, Medline Scopus, and Google Scholar. A combined search was performed for each keyword, with “garlic” included as the primary keyword or search term. Articles were included if they primarily focused on the effects of garlic compounds on the immune pathobiology of asthma.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The administration of s-allyl-cysteine mercapto-l-cysteine (SAC) suppresses inflammatory events in asthma by specifically downregulating TH2 cytokines. It also reduces vital key proinflammatory mediators, including IL-6, PGE2, and COX2, which are vital in asthma pathogenesis. Garlic (<em>Allium sativum</em> L.) compounds further suppress inflammatory response via modulation of NF-κB/IκB expression. Additionally, sulphur compounds inhibit the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome, via the suppression of asthmatic inflammatory response.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The garlic (<em>Allium sativum</em> L<em>.</em>) compounds, including SAC, potentially show multiple biological functions, including specific effects on TH2 inflammation and other immune-modulatory and antioxidant properties against specific immune-mediated asthma pathobiological pathways.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34599,"journal":{"name":"Phytomedicine Plus","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100749"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143177773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolite profile and antioxidant activities of Trikatu, black pepper, Javanese long pepper, and red ginger essential oils","authors":"Dewa Ayu Ika Pramitha ,&nbsp;Tati Herlina ,&nbsp;Iman Permana Maksum ,&nbsp;Ari Hardianto ,&nbsp;Abd. Wahid Rizaldi Akili ,&nbsp;Jalifah Latip","doi":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2024.100702","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2024.100702","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Trikatu (TR) is an Ayurvedic formulation that consists of three pungent medicinal ingredients: long pepper fruit, black pepper, and ginger rhizome. However, the strong pungency of the TR constituents poses challenges for oral administration. Therefore, the formulation of TR in the form of essential oils for aromatherapy could be considered to overcome this challenge.</div></div><div><h3>Aim of the study</h3><div>This study aimed to determine the contribution of black pepper (BP), Javanese long pepper (JLP), and red ginger (RG) to the GCMS– metabolite profile of Trikatu (TR) essential oil and to investigate their in vitro antioxidant activities.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The essential oils from BP, JLP, and RG were extracted using the stahl hydro-distillation method. Phytochemical profiling was carried out by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was performed with the help of R packages of factoMiner and factoExtra to examine the metabolite distributions. Antioxidant activities of TR, BP, JLP, and RG essential oils was determined using the DPPH free radical scavenging assay.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The GC–MS analysis of BP, JLP, RG, and TR essential oils revealed the presence of 11 common compound, including linalool, caryophyllene, and beta-bisabolene. PCA showed different patterns of compound abundance across the samples. For example, linalool was more abundant in TR samples, while gamma-bisabolene was more in JLP samples. The antioxidant activities of TR, BP, JLP, and RG essential oils were significantly different, with RG showing the lowest IC₅₀ value 2.73 ± 0.09 mg/mL, indicating higher antioxidant potential compared to BP and JLP.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study highlights the unique metabolite profiles in RG, BP, JLP, and TR essential oils, which contribute significantly to their bioactive properties, particularly antioxidant activity. RG essential oil plays a significant role in enhancing the antioxidant potential of TR. These insights support broader applications in aromatherapy, wellness, and healthcare, where TR essential oil can be used for antioxidant support, stress relief, and as a natural supplement. Future research may further optimize these essential oils for targeted therapeutic and preventive applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34599,"journal":{"name":"Phytomedicine Plus","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100702"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143175549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coronil effectively inhibits the interaction of clinically relevant Omicron mutants of SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins with human ACE2 receptor","authors":"Acharya Balkrishna ,&nbsp;Rishabh Dev ,&nbsp;Sandeep Kumar ,&nbsp;Anurag Varshney","doi":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2024.100705","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2024.100705","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Accumulating evidence suggests that the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant has several times more binding affinity to the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor compared to the RBD of the original Covid-19 strain. This increased binding affinity of the Omicron variant is responsible for its increased internalization and infectivity.</div></div><div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>In the present study, the impact of Coronil, a tri-herbal formulation of extracts from <em>Withania somnifera, Tinospora cordifolia and Ocimum sanctum</em> on the binding properties of Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant spike proteins (S proteins) was investigated.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Chemical composition of Coronil was determined by the Prominence-XR UHPLC system. The ELISA-based ACE2 binding inhibition assay was performed to delineate the effect of Coronil on the interaction between human ACE2 receptor and different Omicron variant S-proteins such as BA.4/BA5, XBB, BA.2.75.2, BA4.6/BF.7, BA.2.75.2, BQ.1.1 and a recently found spike protein variant JN.1 which is thought to emerge from BA.2.86.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Coronil showed a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on the interactions between ACE2 and receptor binding domains (RBD) of all variants of S-proteins evaluated in this study including the recently emerged, highly transmissible variant spike protein JN.1. Although, Coronil significantly reduced the binding percentage in almost all the variant spike proteins, the maximum inhibition was achieved against BA.4/BA.5 where it inhibited the S protein – ACE2 interaction even at a low concentration of 3 µg/ml (16.6 %). This binding inhibition was further increased to 60.3 and 84.3 % at 100 and 300 µg/ml respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This capability of Coronil to inhibit the binding of S-protein variants with ACE2 receptor may interfere with viral binding and internalization resulting in reduced infectivity of these Omicron spike protein variants. Overall, our data underscores the potential of Coronil in combating the various newly emerged Omicron spike protein variants. These findings may provide a basis for further studies of Coronil for its clinical effectiveness against these Omicron variants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34599,"journal":{"name":"Phytomedicine Plus","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100705"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143175551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The anticancer properties, cell-cycle cytotoxicity and apoptosis of cissus rotundifolia, trema orientalis, and buddleja polystachya with ocular applications","authors":"Ali Hendi Alghamdi ,&nbsp;Aimun A.E. Ahmed ,&nbsp;Mahadi bashir ,&nbsp;Haidar abdalgadir ,&nbsp;Asaad khalid ,&nbsp;Ashraf N. Abdalla ,&nbsp;Mohamed E. elzubier ,&nbsp;Riyad almaimani ,&nbsp;Bassem refaat ,&nbsp;Khalid alzahrani ,&nbsp;Saleh MS. alghamdi ,&nbsp;Sheraz gul","doi":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2024.100651","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2024.100651","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Buddleja polystachya, Trema orientalis, and Cissus rotundifolia were applied locally for various ocular purposes, while receiving few scientific evaluations.</div></div><div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>This study aimed to screen the anticancer properties and determine the cell-cycle cytotoxicity and apoptotic activity of the most promising plant extract.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this study, MTT assays with MCF7 (human breast adenocarcinoma), HT29 (human colorectal adenocarcinoma) and HepG2 (human liver adenocarcinoma) were used. In addition to MRC5 (normal human foetal lung fibroblast) was carried out for preliminary activity screening and selectivity. The most promising extract was subjected to GC–MS analysis to determine the phytochemical composition. Additionally, a clonogenic assay was performed to measure tumor cell survival and subsequent proliferative capacity after drug exposure was conducted for the most active extract(s) and finally western blotting was used to determine the expression change of the two selected proteins (survivin and CCND1) in order to determine the exact mechanistic features of the most promising plant extract.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The six extracts showed variable IC₅₀ values ranging from 1.77 to - 40.97 μg/mL. The most active extracts were C. rotundifolia coded as (stem; BEP-03A and leaves; BEP-03B) on HepG2 cells and showed ∼ 4 and 8 fold selectivity compared to normal MRC5 cells. Both extracts showed a dose-dependent clonogenic effect on HepG2 cells, which was comparable to the effect of doxorubicin. The extract (BEP-03B) caused a significant decrease in the expression of survivin and CCND1 compared to the control GAPDH at its highest dose (12 µg/mL). The GC–MS chromatogram of the leaf of C. rotundifolia extract (BEP-03B) revealed the presence of 17 compounds, as the main phytoconstituents representing 57.5 % of the total compounds present in <strong>BEP-03B</strong> Three steroidal components (<strong>12, 14</strong> and <strong>15</strong>) were the main components, while compound stigmast-5-en-3-ol (compound <strong>15</strong>) was the main component.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Leaves of Cissus rotundifolia (Forssk.) Vahl, possess a significant cytotoxic effect and it may produce this effect, through apoptosis induction, perturbation, and disruption of the cell cycle. The detected phytoconstituents in the plant extract might be involved in the tested cytotoxic activity and its molecular apoptotic mechanism. <em>Future studies are required to isolate the active ingredient(s) and confirm the therapeutic application(s).</em></div></div>","PeriodicalId":34599,"journal":{"name":"Phytomedicine Plus","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100651"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143175961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular investigation on active compounds in papaya leaves (Carica papaya Linn) as anti-malaria using network pharmacology, molecular docking, clustering-based analysis and molecular dynamics simulation","authors":"Arwansyah Arwansyah ,&nbsp;Sitti Rahmawati ,&nbsp;Siti Nuryanti ,&nbsp;Yenni Yusuf ,&nbsp;Hartono ,&nbsp;Abdur Rahman Arif","doi":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2024.100713","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2024.100713","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Malaria remains a significant global health issue. In Indonesia, &gt;400,000 cases of malaria were reported, with the highest prevalence in Papua Province. However, limited access to healthcare services in remote areas and the emergence of resistance to antimalarial drugs pose significant challenges to malaria elimination efforts in Indonesia. Hence, we investigate the active compounds in <em>Carica papaya Linn</em> as potential drugs against malaria using pharmacology combined with several in silico methods. A total of 23 proteins linked to the active compounds and malaria-related targets in human proteins were identified using network analysis. STAT3 protein is the first-degree rank based on network topological analysis, indicating it has a strong correlation with malaria infection. Furthermore, molecular docking was performed on the parasite protein Falcipain-2, revealing that five compounds exhibited higher binding affinities than Artemisinin (control), suggesting their potential as Falcipain-2 inhibitor. The stability of these complexes was further validated using MD simulations, showing no signs of instability in any of the models based on validation metrics. Citroxanthin (model 2) emerged as the most stable complex due to its favorable binding energy score. To confirm Citroxanthin's binding site, re-docking simulations and k-means clustering analysis were conducted. The results indicated that Citroxanthin in cluster 1 occupied a similar binding site as in the initial docking and MD simulation. From the viewpoints of the molecular investigations, including binding site analysis, binding energy, and structural dynamics, Citroxanthin may become a promising drug for treating malaria infections.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34599,"journal":{"name":"Phytomedicine Plus","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100713"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143176457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}