Phytomedicine Plus最新文献

{"title":"Andrographolide prevents acute hyperammonemia-induced motor dysfunction in rats. Evidences for its mechanism of action","authors":"Arghya Mukherjee,&nbsp;Santosh Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2024.100679","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2024.100679","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Beside the cirrhotic one, non-cirrhotic hyperammonemia (HA) can also cause neuro-degeneration and establishment of 'Hyperammonemic Encephalopathy', ultimately leading to the coma stage. We have done pilot study on aqueous extract of <em>Andrographis paniculata</em> herb against HA induced oxidative stress in rats. Andrographolide (AGP) is the major component isolated from of <em>A paniculata</em> and reported to have various biological activities.</div></div><div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Present study aimed to explore the therapeutic potentiality of AGP on rat model of non cirrhotic acute HA.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Rotarod and traction test was performed to access the motor function. Brain and serum ammonia level were assayed to confirm occurrence of HA. Malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), protein carbonylation levels and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) were studied as oxidative stress markers. Expression of two NMDAR subunits, NR2A, 2B, nNOS and level of nitrite (NO₂), cGMP in cerebral cortex and cerebellum were assayed to study the NMDAR-nNOS-cGMP cascade.</div></div><div><h3>Result</h3><div>Acute HA caused motor dysfunction in rats. MDA level and protein carbonylation, increased significantly while SOD, catalase, GPx and GR got suppressed and NMDAR-nNOS-cGMP cascade activated in cerebral cortex and cerebellum. All these suggested establishment of hyperammonemic encephalopathy. AGP treatment restored the motor function, lowered the ammonia level, suppressed the oxidative stress markers, NR2A, 2B, nNOS over-expression and elevated NO₂, cGMP levels in cortex and cerebellum.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our study showed AGP could be a potential natural anti-hyperammonemic drug as it has prevented the development of acute hyperammonemic encaphalopathy in rats by suppressing NMDAR-nNOS-cGMP cascade and oxidative stress in cerebral cortex and cerebellum.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34599,"journal":{"name":"Phytomedicine Plus","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100679"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142707174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemopreventative potential of Salsola tuberculatiformis Botch and Compound A in the differential regulation of IL-1Ra:IL-1α in UVB exposed skin keratinocytes","authors":"T. Magcwebeba ,&nbsp;L. McEvoy ,&nbsp;S. Hayward ,&nbsp;T. Tait ,&nbsp;J.L Quanson ,&nbsp;L. Kelbe ,&nbsp;WCA Gelderblom ,&nbsp;M. Lilly ,&nbsp;A.C Swart ,&nbsp;P. Swart","doi":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2024.100688","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2024.100688","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div><em>Salsola tuberculatiformis</em> Botsch, commonly known as Gannabos, is a Namibian shrub known for its contraceptive properties in rats and its ability to modulate adrenal steroidogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. Due to the labile nature of the active compounds in the shrub, a more stable synthetic analogue, Compound A, was synthesized. This compound has demonstrated similar contraceptive and steroidogenic properties as the original extract from <em>S. tuberculatiformis</em>. Additionally, Compound A has shown potent anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effects in skin, raising the question of whether the <em>S. tuberculatiformis</em> extract might exhibit similar properties.</div></div><div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>The study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic properties of <em>S. tuberculatiformis</em> extract and Compound A, particularly their effects on UVB-induced inflammation, cell growth parameters, and oxidative status in HaCaT cells.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The biological activity of <em>S. tuberculatiformis</em> extract and Compound A was assessed using a cytochrome P450 assay. Anti/pro-inflammatory effects were evaluated by measuring IL-1α and IL-1Ra production using an ELISA assay. Additionally, the study monitored cell viability through ATP production, apoptosis via Caspase-3 activity, and oxidative stress using the DCFDA assay.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div><em>S. tuberculatiformis</em> extract inhibited IL-1α production at lower concentrations while increasing IL-1Ra at higher concentrations. This was associated with reduced cell viability and increased pro-oxidant (ROS) and pro-inflammatory activity (intracellular IL-1α). Compound A, on the other hand, reduced IL-1Ra and IL-1α levels by inducing apoptosis. However, at higher concentrations, Compound A significantly increased extracellular IL-1Ra levels and enhanced pro-apoptotic and pro-oxidant activity. The extract exhibited different anti-inflammatory effects compared to Compound A, as evidenced by the increased intracellular IL-1Ra: IL-1α ratio.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The data suggest that <em>S. tuberculatiformis</em> acts as an anti-inflammatory agent at low concentrations by inhibiting intracellular IL-1α production, while at higher concentrations, it regulates pro-inflammatory signaling through IL-1Ra. These anti/pro-inflammatory effects may have potential relevance in wound healing. Compound A displayed a novel indirect anti-inflammatory effect by removing inflamed and damaged cells via apoptosis and ROS production. The pro-oxidant activity of Compound A, potentially due to aziridine formation, appears to accelerate the progression of damaged cells into apoptosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34599,"journal":{"name":"Phytomedicine Plus","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100688"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142706685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ficus deltoidea standardized methanolic extract improves kidney structure and function against streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in rats","authors":"Nurdiana Samsulrizal ,&nbsp;Noor Syaffinaz Noor Mohamad Zin ,&nbsp;Nur Syimal`ain Azmi ,&nbsp;Mohd Daud Bakar ,&nbsp;Hafandi Ahmad ,&nbsp;Yong-Meng Goh","doi":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2024.100684","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2024.100684","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Oxidative stress and peripheral insulin resistance are the key pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. We have previously demonstrated that <em>Ficus deltoidea</em> increases insulin secretion and improves tissue regeneration by reducing oxidative stress in diabetic rats. However, it remains uncertain whether <em>F. deltoidea</em> could delay the progression of nephropathy.</div></div><div><h3>Hypothesis/Purpose</h3><div>This study aimed to examine the nephroprotective effects of <em>F. deltoidea</em> on streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in rats.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was used to identify the flavonoid compounds in the leaf extract of <em>F. deltoidea</em>. The methanolic extract of <em>F. deltoidea</em> was administered orally at 1000 mg/kg body weight for eight weeks to diabetic rats. Serum creatinine, urea, uric acid, total bilirubin, and urinary creatinine were measured to estimate kidney function. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) assessed the levels of oxidative stress, antioxidants, and apoptosis-related proteins in the kidney tissue. The spectral markers related to nephroprotective activity were predicted using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy combined with chemometric analysis. Histomorphometric evaluations were performed on the kidney sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&amp;E).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>HPLC identified the presence of vitexin, isovitexin, quercetin, and kaempferol in <em>F. deltoidea</em> methanolic leaves extract. The biochemical and histological examinations consistently showed that <em>F. deltoidea</em> extract improved kidney structure and function by reducing oxidative stress and apoptosis. We noticed that biochemical and pathological changes corresponded to the infrared (IR) peaks at 1545 cm^-1 and 1511 cm^-1 (amide II), 1246 cm^-1 (DNA/RNA phosphate backbones), and 1181 cm^-1 (C–O vibrations). Multivariate analysis of IR spectra demonstrated that the diabetic rats treated with <em>F. deltoidea</em> extract had a similar clustering pattern to that of the normal animals.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These findings indicate that the methanolic extract of <em>F. deltoidea</em> exhibits nephroprotective activity. FTIR spectroscopy may be useful for monitoring structural and biochemical alterations in the kidney during diabetes treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34599,"journal":{"name":"Phytomedicine Plus","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100684"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142706303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medicinal plants used to treat human ailments in Wadla District, Northern Ethiopia: An ethnobotanical approach","authors":"Sara Yosef ,&nbsp;Ermias Lulekal ,&nbsp;Asfaw Debela ,&nbsp;Muhidin Tahir","doi":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2024.100683","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2024.100683","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The global population started using traditional medicine before the advent of allopathic or modern medicine to manage several diseases. Nearly 887 plant species have been documented to heal different health problems. Documenting the traditional use of medicinal plants is a vital step in obtaining information on bioactive chemicals, preserving indigenous knowledge and ultimately interesting, medicinal plant species. This study aimed to document medicinal plants and the associated indigenous knowledge used to treat human ailments.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The data were collected using a combination of sampling techniques, including strict random sampling, stratified random sampling, (for general informants) and snowball sampling, purposive and random sampling (for key informants). Semistructured interviews, group discussions, guided field walks, and field observations were used to collect the data. We analysed the data using descriptive statistics, including direct matrix rankings, preference rankings, informant consensus factors, and fidelity levels.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 200 informants (68 % males and 32 % females) living in 10 <em>kebeles</em> were selected. A total of 107 plant species belonging to 51 families and 71 genera were identified by local people to address human ailments. The Solanaceae family represented the greatest number of species (7 species). Leaves were the most dominant plant parts used for remedy preparation (47 %). The most common routes of administration were oral (47 %). The categories with the highest ICF values were diseases of the nervous system (0.96). <em>Datura stramonium</em> was the most preferred species for treating wounds. The highest fidelity level (93.3 %) was recorded for <em>Guizotia abyssinica. Eucalyptus globulus</em> was ranked first in a direct matrix ranking exercise of multipurpose medicinal plants.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study revealed that the study area has a considerable number of traditional medicinal plants that are used to address a wide range of health problems. Although community members rely on medicinal plant species to manage various health problems, they threaten medicinal plants in the country, and indigenous knowledge is rapidly vanishing from communities; thus, conservation measures should be taken to protect these plants in their natural sites, agricultural areas and villages.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34599,"journal":{"name":"Phytomedicine Plus","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100683"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142706681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Yiqi Fumai Lyophilized injection protects cardiac contractility in a rat model of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction by modulating SERCA2","authors":"Yongwei Nie ,&nbsp;Lu Chen ,&nbsp;Yanxin Zhang ,&nbsp;Yuqing Yao ,&nbsp;Zizhuo Xue ,&nbsp;Na Guo ,&nbsp;Meixiu Wan ,&nbsp;Zhi Li ,&nbsp;Chunhua Liu ,&nbsp;Dekun Li ,&nbsp;Aichun Ju","doi":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2024.100686","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2024.100686","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Yiqi Fumai Lyophilized Injection (YQFM) is a plant-derived preparation that shows protective effects against cardiac dysfunction in both human and animal models. In heart failure (HF), proteins involved in Ca²⁺ regulation, such as sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca²⁺ transporting protein 2 (SERCA2) and cardiac ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2), are dysfunctional. Compensation for the malfunction of these proteins is considered a practical option for restoring heart function.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Coronary artery ligation was used to induce heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) in Sprague-Dawley rats. YQFM was administered via intravenous injection for two weeks. Cardiac contractility was evaluated using echocardiography. Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&amp;E) staining, Masson's trichrome staining, western blotting, and immunohistochemical analysis were performed to evaluate myocardial damage and investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms. <em>In vitro,</em> H9C2 cells were subjected to oxygen and glucose deprivation. Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining were used to assess the expression of key Ca²⁺-handling proteins in the H9C2 cell models.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Twenty-five compounds, mainly ginsenosides, were identified in YQFM. In rats with HFrEF, treatment with YQFM or metoprolol prevents deterioration of cardiac contractility. YQFM caused a patchy delay in the downregulation of SERCA2 in the myocardium, resulting in reduced dilation of the left and right ventricles, thereby preventing left ventricular remodeling. In H9C2 cell models, our results demonstrated that YQFM partially prevented defects in SERCA2.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our study demonstrated that YQFM may function as a positive cardiac contractility modulator and therapeutic agent for cardiac protection by restoring SERCA2 expression in cardiomyocytes in HF after myocardial infarction (MI).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34599,"journal":{"name":"Phytomedicine Plus","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100686"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142706686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytochemical and toxicological evaluation of aqueous leaf extract of Premna integrifolia L. in male balb/c mice","authors":"Suman ,&nbsp;Pratibha Gaurav ,&nbsp;Rajesh Saini ,&nbsp;Kavindra Nath Tiwari ,&nbsp;Gautam Geeta Jiwatram","doi":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2024.100680","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2024.100680","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Phytoconstituents present in plants provide a natural and comprehensive method for combating oxidative stress and various ailments. Safety evaluation of these herbal medications is necessary, so acute and sub-acute toxicity of plant leaf extract <em>Premna integrifolia</em> has been performed to standardize its dose regarding its therapeutic application in male fertility.</div></div><div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Toxicological evaluation Aqueous leaf extract of <em>Premna integrifolia</em> (ALEPI), a known herbal medicine, for its utilization in male fertility enhancement use.</div></div><div><h3>Study design and methods</h3><div>To assess the safety and pharmacological potential of the ALEPI, acute and subacute toxicity studies were carried out in compliance with the OECD guidelines No. 425 and 407, respectively. Identification of pharmacologically active compounds in ALEPI was performed using UHPLC-HRMS analysis. In vitro<em>,</em> <strong>e</strong>stimation of Polyphenol Content, Total Flavonoid Content, saponins and Antioxidant Properties of ALEPI was performed. The oral acute toxicity of the ALEPI was conducted using male mice. The study involved administering single doses of ALEPI at 300, 2000, and 5000 mg/kg b.wt., followed by a fourteen-day observation period to monitor any signs of toxicity or adverse effects. In the oral subacute toxicity study, mice received daily oral gavage of the ALEPI at doses of 400, 800, and 1000 mg/kg b.wt. for twenty-eight days. The parameters studied included total reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, apoptosis, cell viability percentage, and cellular morphology.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The UHPLC-HRMS analysis of the ALEPI reveals the presence of various bioactive compounds with significant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. The acute and subacute toxicity studies of the ALEPI provided a comprehensive evaluation of its safety profile. Both studies demonstrated no mortality and only minor alterations in relative organ weights, hematology, and serum biochemistry, suggesting a low toxicity profile. Additionally, the normal histoarchitecture of vital organs indicates the absence of significant morphological changes. Significant reduction in total ROS, necrosis percentage, and apoptosis in testicular tissue compared to the control group highlights the antioxidant properties of the extract.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Based on the findings from both the acute and subacute toxicity studies, it is evident that the ALEPI does not actuate adverse effects of toxicological significance at the tested doses and hence can be used at appropriate concentrations in therapeutic application.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34599,"journal":{"name":"Phytomedicine Plus","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100680"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142650644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytochemical study and evaluation of the antidiabetic and antihyperglycemic activities of the fruit extracts of Physalis peruviana L. (Solanaceae)","authors":"Damien S.T. Tshibangu ,&nbsp;Fortune S. Kavugho ,&nbsp;Carlos N. Kabengele ,&nbsp;Adrien T. Masunda ,&nbsp;Gédéon N. Bongo ,&nbsp;Giresse N. Kasiama ,&nbsp;Domaine T. Mwanangombo ,&nbsp;Clément L. Inkoto ,&nbsp;Clément M. Mbadiko ,&nbsp;Benjamin Z. Gbolo ,&nbsp;Désiré M. Musuyu ,&nbsp;Dorothée D. Tshilanda ,&nbsp;Jean Paul K.N. Ngbolua ,&nbsp;Pius T. Mpiana","doi":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2024.100675","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2024.100675","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aim of the study was to evaluate the antidiabetic and antihyperglycemic activities of <em>Physalis peruviana</em> L. (PP) fruit extracts as well as to determine the structure-activity relationship of some molecules from this plant using molecular docking. Medically, the plant has been used traditionally to treat diabetes and other diseases.</div><div>The methanolic extract showed the highest yield of 12.01 %, while the lower yield of 2.74 % was observed in the ethyl acetate one. On the one hand, polyphenols (flavonoids, tannins and anthocyanins) were identified in the aqeous extract, while free quinones were not ; on the other hand, steroids and terpenoids were revealed in the organic extract, while bound quinones were absent. The quantitative analysis showed high level of some secondary metabolites (polyphenols, flavonoids, hydrolyzable and tannins), but low level of anthocyanins. Mineralogical analysis showed that the species contains minerals, essential for the organism and for the survival of the plant at significant concentrations (K, P, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, etc.). The methanolic extracts of the species indicated high antidiabetic activity, comparatively to other extracts. The results of the antihyperglycemic test showed that the methanolic extract significantly inhibited orally induced hyperglycemia in mice. This inhibition was confirmed by molecular docking analyzes by interacting the molecules of the studied plant with two receptors, alpha-glucosidase (PDB id: 3WY1) and the kinase domain of the 5HHW insulin receptor.</div><div>These experimental results lend credibility to the use of this species in traditional Congolese medicine to treat type 2 diabetes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34599,"journal":{"name":"Phytomedicine Plus","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100675"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142706683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wound-healing activity of solvent fractions and antiinflammatory activity of crude extract and solvent fractions of Acokanthera schimperi Schweinf (Apocynaceae) leaves in mice model","authors":"Workineh Woldeselassie Hammeso ,&nbsp;Tesfaye Yimer ,&nbsp;Getnet Tadege ,&nbsp;Wakuma Wakene Jifar ,&nbsp;Dejen Nureye","doi":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2024.100673","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2024.100673","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>In Ethiopia, <em>Acokanthera schimperi</em> is frequently used to treat wounds and other conditions. Nothing has been published to date on the anti-inflammatory properties of <em>A. schimperi</em> leaves or the wound-healing effects of solvent fractions, despite a report on the crude extract's ability to heal wounds being available in the literature.</div></div><div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Therefore, this experiment has been initiated to look into the solvent fractions' ability to heal wounds and the anti-inflammatory properties of the <em>A. schimperi</em> leaf 80 % methanol extract and its fractions in mice.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>The experimental study design was conducted to evaluate wound healing and the anti-inflammatory properties of the <em>A. schimperi</em> leaf 80 % methanol extract and its fractions in mice.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The plant's leaf crude extract was fractionated using ethyl acetate, chloroform, and distilled water. The resulting fractions were then combined with a simple ointment base to make an ointment at 5 % and 10% w/w. Next, using excision and incision wound models, the ointments' ability to promote wound healing was assessed. The excision model was utilized to estimate wound contraction and epithelization time, whereas the incision model was utilized to measure tensile strength. By dissolving 1 % carrageenan in 0.9 % saline (w/v) and giving oral dosages of the crude extract and solvent fractions (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg), the anti-inflammatory efficacy of the leaves was assessed concurrently with a carrageenan-induced hind paw edema model.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Significant wound healing activity was seen in both models in wounds treated with 5 % and 10 % (w/w) solvent fraction ointment, as shown by higher tissue breaking strength (with 51.38 % maximum effect by 10 % (w/w) ethyl acetate fraction ointment), shorter epithelization times (within 15.92 days by ethyl acetate fraction ointment 10 %), and increased wound contraction (99.40 % by ethyl acetate fraction ointment 10 %). The extract (hydromethanolic) and solvent fractions also showed notable dose-related decreases in inflammation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The study's findings supported <em>A. schimperi</em>'s traditional use as a wound healing agent by showing that the solvent fractions of the plant's leaves promoted wound healing, at least in part, through their anti-inflammatory effect.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34599,"journal":{"name":"Phytomedicine Plus","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100673"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142706292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Southern African wild edible plants for potential herb-drug interactions through ex vivo p-glycoprotein and in vitro cytochrome P450 3A4 inhibitory effects","authors":"P.S. Kheoane ,&nbsp;K.C. Mokhetho ,&nbsp;S. Mokhele ,&nbsp;K.C. Mbara ,&nbsp;C.M. Leonard ,&nbsp;T.H. Gadaga ,&nbsp;C. Tarirai","doi":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2024.100681","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2024.100681","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Wild edible plants (WEPs) including herbs provide staple foods as well as income for local communities on the African continent. However, these commonly used plant materials interact with orthodox or conventional drugs through both p-glycoprotein (P-gp) and cytochrome P450 enzymes inhibition. Hence, it is vital to explore the possibility of herb-drug interactions when concomitantly taking conventional drug dosage forms with some of the WEPs. P-gp and CYP3A4 show analogous substrate specificities and work together to establish an intestinal absorption barrier against xenobiotics. This study investigated the &lt;em&gt;ex vivo&lt;/em&gt; p-glycoprotein inhibition and the &lt;em&gt;in vitro&lt;/em&gt; inhibition of cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) isoezyme by selected wild edible plants to identify potential food/herb-drug interactions. Methods: Ethanolic extracts of 30 wild edible plants sourced from Lesotho, Eswatini and the Limpopo province of South Africa were used for the study. Drug transport studies using propranolol, a P-glycoprotein substrate, across porcine intestinal tissue were conducted using intestinal sacs with test solutions in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer (pH 7.4) under a 95 % O2/5 % CO2 atmosphere. For the &lt;em&gt;in vitro&lt;/em&gt; luminescent-based CYP3A4 inhibition assay, both porcine liver and intestinal microsomes were extracted from their respective tissues by homogenization, followed by high-speed centrifugation and standardization before use.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;em&gt;Sisymbrium thelungii&lt;/em&gt; O. E. Schulz significantly (&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.05) inhibited P-gp with an effective apparent permeability coefficient (P&lt;em&gt;&lt;sub&gt;app eff&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/em&gt;) of (7.53±0.33) × 10&lt;sup&gt;–6&lt;/sup&gt; cm/s and effective flux (&lt;em&gt;J&lt;sub&gt;eff&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/em&gt;) of 1.38±0.01 µg/cm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;/min which was similar to sodium orthovanadate (positive control), indicating potential for herb/food-drug interaction possibly by absorption enhancement of poorly permeable P-gp substrates by this plant. Additionally, both &lt;em&gt;Rubus cuneifolius&lt;/em&gt; Pursh and &lt;em&gt;Hypoxis hirsuta&lt;/em&gt; (L.) Coville had significant (&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.05) p-glycoprotein inhibitory effects with P&lt;em&gt;&lt;sub&gt;app eff&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/em&gt; of (6.60±0.52) × 10&lt;sup&gt;–6&lt;/sup&gt; cm/s and &lt;em&gt;J&lt;sub&gt;eff&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/em&gt; of 1.11±0.08 µg/cm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;/min, and P&lt;em&gt;&lt;sub&gt;app eff&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/em&gt; of 6.58±0.67 × 10&lt;sup&gt;–6&lt;/sup&gt; cm/s and &lt;em&gt;J&lt;sub&gt;eff&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/em&gt; of 1.19±0.12 µg/cm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;/min, respectively. Significantly (&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.05), &lt;em&gt;Rubus cuneifolius&lt;/em&gt; at a concentration of 0.2 mg/mL exhibited the strongest CYP3A4 inhibition in liver microsomes suggesting its potential as a bioavailability enhancer of CYP3A4 substrates. Meanwhile, &lt;em&gt;Wahlengergia androsacea&lt;/em&gt; A.DC exhibited the most significant (&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.05) CYP3A4 inhibitory effect at the same concentration in intestinal microsomes.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The observed inhibitory effects of certain wild edible plants on P-gp-medi","PeriodicalId":34599,"journal":{"name":"Phytomedicine Plus","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100681"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142706682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute oral toxicity study of novel polyherbal formulations by using wistar rats and Swiss albino mice as per OECD 425 TG","authors":"Ramkishan Jatoth ,&nbsp;S.P Dhanabal ,&nbsp;V. Senthil ,&nbsp;T. Ganesh ,&nbsp;Jubie Selvaraj ,&nbsp;P.S. Venkatesan","doi":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2024.100672","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2024.100672","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Hydaljss08 is a new semisolid fermented hydroalcoholic polyherbal formulation containing crude drug substances. Immunoboost Tab is a novel polyherbal dosage form that is incorporated isolated, and fractionated phytochemical substances. Acute oral toxicity is a primary safety profile of the novel polyherbal formulations. As a part of our study, we estimated acute toxicity safety profile of novel dosage forms by a Swiss albino mice and Wistar rats.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>According to the OECD 425 test guideline., the study aims to estimate acute toxicity tests of the “Hydaljss08, and Immunoboost Tab” dosage forms in rats and mice to assess the safety profile. Mice and rats are normally used in safety studies because of their susceptibility to toxic challenges, tumor induction, and carcinogenicity.</div></div><div><h3>Material and Methods</h3><div>1 % CMC, Hydaljss08, Immunoboost-Tab polyherbal formulations, female rats, and albino mice. Animals were divided into the control groups, and treated groups with test dosage forms. At the end of the study, animals were euthanized by using the CO₂ asphyxiation technique and subjected to gross pathological examinations.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>According to the assessment of the experimental data, the single-dose acute toxicity study of Hydaljss08 and Immunoboost-Tab formulations in mice and rats was fine. No signs of toxicity were observed in the animals treated at (2000 mg/kg.b. wt, Po), and revealed dullness, causing lethargy, and piloerections, which only persisted on the 1st day. At the end of the study, mild congestion in the liver, and lungs was observed in animals, treated with “Hydaljss08 formulation” compared to the vehicle control groups.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The estimated LD₅₀ of Hydaljss08, and Immunoboost-Tab polyherbal formulations in rats and mice by oral route was found &gt;2000 mg/kg, b.wt.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34599,"journal":{"name":"Phytomedicine Plus","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100672"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142650643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}