Phytomedicine Plus最新文献

{"title":"Australian Tea Tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) oil: an updated review of antimicrobial and other medicinal properties","authors":"Andrea Bugarcic ,&nbsp;Esther Joy Bowles ,&nbsp;Kate Summer ,&nbsp;Tamara Agnew ,&nbsp;Bronwyn Barkla ,&nbsp;Romy Lauche","doi":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100846","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100846","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and Purpose</h3><div>The last comprehensive review of the effects of tea tree oil (steam distilled essential oil of <em>Melaleuca alternifolia</em>; henceforth TTO) was conducted in 2006 by Carson and colleagues (Carson et al., 2006). Here, we provide an updated review focused on the antimicrobial (including antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal and anti-parasitic) and anti-inflammatory effects of TTO, as well as a discussion on novel TTO formulations for these specific actions.</div></div><div><h3>Study Design and Methods</h3><div>A systematic review of studies was conducted using PubMed and Scopus electronic databases with a defined search strategy and inclusion/exclusion criteria ensuring the selection of studies that investigated antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory actions of TTO in the context of pre-clinical research only.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There has been a marked increase in the number of pre-clinical studies exploring the antimicrobial (<em>n</em> = 78) and anti-inflammatory (<em>n</em> = 14) actions of TTO since the Carson et al. (2006) review. These studies have extended our understanding of TTO as an antimicrobial agent, with an emphasis on biofilm-forming, clinical, and drug-resistant strains, investigation of the susceptibility of fungi (specifically <em>Candida</em> spp.), and investigation into different pathogenic classes to identify antiviral and anti-protozoan actions. Studies investigating the anti-inflammatory activity of TTO improved our understanding of TTO mechanisms of action and novel directions in formulation and delivery of TTO as a preventative and therapeutic agent showing promise in vitro and in vivo.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Since the last review almost two decades ago, a significant body of pre-clinical research has been published concerning the antimicrobial and other therapeutic properties of TTO. These studies have expanded our understanding of the value of TTO in treating infections caused by different microorganisms, including more clinically relevant, health-related pathogenic states of bacteria and fungi (e.g. biofilms, clinical samples, and drug-resistant strains) as well as viruses and protozoa. Research into novel TTO delivery methods and isolated pathogenic drug targets is increasing and will be an ongoing requirement for further clinical research and applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34599,"journal":{"name":"Phytomedicine Plus","volume":"5 3","pages":"Article 100846"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144757067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive insights into the therapeutic effects of baicalein and baicalin against SARS-COV-2 infection","authors":"Cheng-Han Lin ,&nbsp;Meng-Wei Lin ,&nbsp;Hua-Hsin Chiang ,&nbsp;Ting-Hsuan Wu ,&nbsp;Chin-Hung Tsai ,&nbsp;Chih-Sheng Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100851","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100851","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants has reduced the effectiveness of existing vaccines. Current treatments, including corticosteroids, antiviral agents, and monoclonal antibody-based immunomodulators, often have limitations, including adverse side effects, limited efficacy, and high costs, especially for patients with comorbidities. These challenges have spurred interest in phytochemicals, known for their anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antioxidant properties.</div></div><div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 efficacy and anti-inflammatory activity of baicalein and its 7-O-glucuronide derivative, baicalin, are the main components derived from <em>Scutellaria baicalensis</em>. We focus on their mechanisms of action against SARS-CoV-2 and their potential role in mitigating COVID-19-related inflammation.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><div>A comprehensive literature search was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. Studies investigating the effects of baicalein and baicalin on viral infections, inflammatory pathways, and COVID-19-specific targets, including spike protein, 3C-like protease (3CLpro) and PLpro, were included.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Baicalein and baicalin exhibit anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity by inhibiting viral entry through blockade of the interaction between the spike protein and angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2) receptor. They also suppress viral replication by targeting 3CLpro, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), and helicase. Moreover, baicalein and baicalin mitigate COVID-19-associated inflammation by regulating nod-like receptor pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and toll-like receptor pathways. They inhibit nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, thereby reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, IL-1β, IFN-γ, and TNF-α.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Baicalein and Baicalin hold therapeutic potential for managing viral infections and inflammation. Further preclinical and clinical research is essential to validate these findings and advance baicalein and baicalin as viable therapeutic candidates for COVID-19.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34599,"journal":{"name":"Phytomedicine Plus","volume":"5 3","pages":"Article 100851"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144738315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isorhapontigenin, a potential anti-AD natural product targeting multiple pathways, discovered via network proximity and gene enrichment analyses","authors":"Pengfei Guo ,&nbsp;Jun Zhao ,&nbsp;Baoyue Zhang ,&nbsp;Chao Wang ,&nbsp;Yiming Bai ,&nbsp;Ailin Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100853","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100853","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disorder of the brain characterized by an uncertain etiology and complex pathogenesis. Effective therapeutics remain urgently needed. Natural products (NPs) show significant potential in preventing/treating neurodegenerative diseases.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this study, the network proximity method (NPM) identified the NP Lg0005 (<em>p</em> = 0.05, <em>z</em> = -3.11) with potential anti-AD activity. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses elucidated its anti-AD mechanism of action (MOA). Neuroprotective effects were validated using D-galactose (D-gal)-induced AD rat models and SH-SY5Y cells.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>KEGG analysis revealed Lg0005 primarily acts via AD, oxidative phosphorylation, apoptosis, and TNF signaling pathways, etc. GO analysis indicated it targets mitochondrial electron transport, mitochondrial components, and oxidoreductase activities, etc. Molecular docking and <em>in vitro</em>/<em>in vivo</em> experiments confirmed Lg0005 inhibited microglia/astrocyte activation, reducing TNF-α and IL-1β release. In addition, it alleviated oxidative damage by decreasing MDA and increasing catalase, ameliorated mitochondrial ultrastructural damage, and increased both Nissl body count and synaptic density in the hippocampal DG region, with efficacy comparable to β-nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) and donepezil. In summary, Lg0005 significantly improved cognitive function in AD models by reducing oxidative stress, suppressing neuroinflammation, and protecting mitochondrial and neuronal integrity.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Integrating NPM, network pharmacology, and experimental validation, this study identified Lg0005 as a novel anti-AD candidate, offering a new strategy for neurodegenerative disease therapeutics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34599,"journal":{"name":"Phytomedicine Plus","volume":"5 3","pages":"Article 100853"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144738314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative efficacy of Sat-i Gilo and metformin hydrochloride in the management of Type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled trial","authors":"Khan Ameer Kauser Khan ,&nbsp;Mohd Khalid ,&nbsp;Sumayya Tasneem Parapur ,&nbsp;Meenu Doni ,&nbsp;Nazim Husain","doi":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100847","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100847","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a global health concern with rising prevalence and significant morbidity and mortality due to associated microvascular and macrovascular complications. Unani medicine offers a rich repository of natural remedies for metabolic disorders, with <em>Sat-i-Gilo</em> (a traditional aqueous extract of <em>Tinospora cordifolia</em>) being a prominent example known for its antihyperglycemic, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of <em>Sat-i Gilo</em> with metformin hydrochloride in managing T2DM.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this open-label randomized controlled trial, 40 participants with T2DM successfully completed the study duration. The intervention group received <em>Sat-i Gilo</em> 1g twice daily for 3 months, and the control group received metformin hydrochloride 500 mg twice daily for the same duration. Primary outcome measures included changes in hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) and estimated average glucose (eAG) levels, measured before and after treatment. Secondary outcomes comprised changes in fasting blood sugar (FBS) and postprandial blood sugar (PPBS), assessed at baseline and at every second follow-up visit. Additionally, diabetes-specific quality of life was evaluated using the diabetes quality of life (DQoL) questionnaire at baseline and post-treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The trial results showed a mean difference of −0.22 (95 %CI: −0.52, 0.08, <em>p</em> = 0.154, <em>d</em> = 0.45) in HbA1c levels and −6.23 (95 %CI: −14.81, 2.35, <em>p</em> = 0.150, <em>d</em> = 0.47) in eAG levels between the intervention and control groups at the end of the study.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The findings of this study suggest that <em>Sat-i Gilo</em> may provide beneficial effects in the management of T2DM. While no statistically significant difference was observed between <em>Sat-i Gilo</em> and metformin in terms of glycemic outcomes, these results support the possibility of comparable efficacy under the conditions of this study. Further large-scale, rigorously designed clinical trials are recommended to validate these findings and to explore the long-term effectiveness and safety of <em>Sat-i Gilo</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34599,"journal":{"name":"Phytomedicine Plus","volume":"5 3","pages":"Article 100847"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144738346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variability in bioactive compounds, antioxidant activity, and cytotoxicity assessment of diverse organs of Iranian oak (Quercus brantii Lindl.)","authors":"Farzaneh Shakuri ,&nbsp;Ghasem Eghlima ,&nbsp;Hossein Behboudi","doi":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100859","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100859","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The genus <em>Quercus</em> with over 1000 species is extensively dispersed throughout the temperate woodlands of the Northern Hemisphere and tropical climate zones. Numerous physiological functions, such as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, liver-protective, gastroprotective, anticancer, antidiabetic, and antioxidant activities, have been documented and associated with the occurrence of bioactive compounds like phenolic acids, triterpenoids, and plant-based polyphenolic compounds. Given that different plant organs differ in terms of secondary metabolite production, this aim was to investigate the diversity of phytochemical compounds, antioxidant activity, and cytotoxicity of different parts of oak and its by-products. Total phenolic content varied between 50.4 to 125.3 mg GAE/g DW, with the maximum and minimum being in the gall and leaf. Fruit had the highest (68.3 mg RE/g DW) and the lowest (13.5) total flavonoid content in the gaz alafi. The highest (74.9 mg GAE/g DW) and minimum (8.9 mg GAE/g DW) total tannin were observed in the gall and gaz alafi, respectively. Gallic acid, salicylic acid, rosmarinic acid, 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, chlorogenic acid, rutin, quercetin, caffeic acid, <em>p</em>-coumaric acid, and kaempferol were identified as the main phenolic compounds by HPLC-PDA analysis. Based on the results of the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, no significant cytotoxicity was observed on normal cell line (HDF) and gastric cancer cells (MKN45). This study shows that different parts of oak and its by-products can be valuable sources of bioactive compounds and can be used in various therapeutic and industrial applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34599,"journal":{"name":"Phytomedicine Plus","volume":"5 3","pages":"Article 100859"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144757066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coumarins in traditional medicine: Bridging ancient wisdom and scientific progress","authors":"Yasser Fakri Mustafa","doi":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100857","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100857","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coumarins are a diverse group of naturally occurring compounds long recognized in traditional medicine for their broad therapeutic potential. This narrative review explores their journey from ancient healing traditions—such as Ayurveda, Traditional Chinese Medicine, and various indigenous systems—to their contemporary biomedical relevance. Widely distributed in medicinal plants, coumarins have historically been used to treat inflammation, microbial infections, and oxidative stress-related conditions. These traditional applications are increasingly supported by modern pharmacological evidence. Structurally, coumarins exhibit significant chemical diversity, enabling a wide range of bioactivities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticoagulant effects. Moreover, this review highlights how ancient practices effectively utilized these bioactive properties, many of which are now validated through experimental and clinical studies. On the other hand, advances in extraction methods, synthetic modifications, and drug delivery systems have improved the pharmacokinetic profiles and expanded the potential uses of coumarins. Despite their promise, safety concerns, particularly hepatotoxicity and dose-dependent effects, must be addressed to ensure clinical relevance. While natural coumarins generally display a favorable therapeutic index, synthetic derivatives require careful evaluation. Finally, this review aims to systematically explore the historical applications, pharmacological relevance, and therapeutic integration of coumarins in traditional medicine, while addressing their potential translational value in modern pharmacology. Bridging ethnopharmacological wisdom with contemporary science, coumarins emerge as promising candidates for integrative drug development. Their potential roles in treating neglected diseases and interacting synergistically with other agents warrant further exploration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34599,"journal":{"name":"Phytomedicine Plus","volume":"5 3","pages":"Article 100857"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144724470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular and biochemical responses in Wistar rats treated with extracts from a hyperglycemia and diabetes-associated therapeutic Hensia crinita","authors":"Iwara A. Iwara ,&nbsp;Oju R. Ibor ,&nbsp;Eve Mboso ,&nbsp;Eyong Ubana Eyong ,&nbsp;Augustine Arukwe","doi":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100849","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100849","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Diabetes, marked by insulin resistance, disrupts metabolic processes and causes significant complications. Herbal remedies are increasingly recognized for their potential in diabetes management, particularly in developing countries.</div></div><div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To study the effects of <em>Hensia crinita</em> (<em>H. crinita</em>) extract on hyperglycemia and related therapeutic responses in Wistar rats.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Type 2 diabetes was induced with 10% fructose diet and 40 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ). Thereafter, diabetic rats were treated with <em>H. crinita</em> leaf extracts at 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight, twice daily for 21 days. We used metformin (MET: 500 mg/kg body weight) treated rats as a positive control group.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our results showed that <em>H. crinita</em> extract significantly lowered fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels and increased body weight in diabetic rats. Molecular analysis revealed reductions in mRNA expression for insulin-responsive glucose transporter (<em>ir-glut</em>), <em>leptin</em>, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (<em>pcsk9</em>), cardiac troponin (<em>crt</em>), estrogen receptor 1 (<em>esr-1</em>), fatty acid synthase (<em>fasn</em>) and melatonin (mt) in treated rats, compared to controls. Furthermore, hepatic biochemical analysis showed that AST, ALT, ALP and γ-GGT increased in diabetic control animal and <em>H. crinita</em> produced decreases that paralleled melatonin effects. Additionally, <em>H. crinita</em> treatment increased plasma estradiol (E2) and testosterone (T) levels and significantly reduced inflammatory markers, and these responses were comparable to MET effects.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These findings suggest that <em>H. crinita</em> exerts anti-hyperglycemic effects by modulating inflammation, hormonal balance, and key glucose metabolic enzymes, representing a potential therapeutic agent for diabetes treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34599,"journal":{"name":"Phytomedicine Plus","volume":"5 3","pages":"Article 100849"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144713484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the role of traditional medicinal plants in cancer therapy: present efficacy and future directions","authors":"Adfar Reyaz,&nbsp;Syed Sanober Qadri,&nbsp;Darakhshan Javaid,&nbsp;Shahid Yousuf Ganie,&nbsp;Mohd Salim Reshi","doi":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100845","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100845","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Despite the advancements in modern medicine, phytotherapy remains popular due to their cultural significance, effectiveness, and lower costs. This review focuses on the potential of medicinal plants and plant metabolites in treating cancer, examining their mechanisms of action and therapeutic uses. Key findings reveal that phytochemicals such as quercetin, curcumin, and sanguinarine exhibit anticancer properties by targeting signalling pathways like JAK/STAT, ERK/MAPK, and p53, as well as inducing apoptosis and inhibiting metastasis. Furthermore, emerging evidence underscores their potential to enhance the efficacy of conventional treatments and reduce associated side effects.</div></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><div>A detailed search on Scopus, PubMed, Medline, PubChem, Google Scholar, and Academic Search Premier was conducted for this review, using a strategy with keywords such as traditional plants, herbal medicine, and herbs in varying combinations</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Phytotherapy in cancer treatment shows promise by enhancing therapy effectiveness and reducing side effects. Integrating traditional medicinal plants into modern care could offer personalized, safer treatment options. This review stands out by not only classifying the anticancer properties of phytochemicals but also by delving into their molecular mechanisms, and the challenges of standardization and regulatory oversight. By addressing these gaps, it provides a comprehensive framework for advancing phytotherapy in cancer treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34599,"journal":{"name":"Phytomedicine Plus","volume":"5 3","pages":"Article 100845"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144724468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive regulation of Danggui-Shaoyao-San and its active constituent PGG on puromycin aminonucleoside induced nephrotic syndrome in rats","authors":"Zaiping Xu ,&nbsp;Ye Feng ,&nbsp;Mo Yang ,&nbsp;Wenxin Zhang ,&nbsp;Kun Zhang ,&nbsp;Fan Xu ,&nbsp;Yunlai Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100844","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100844","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Background: Danggui-Shaoyao-San (DSS) is a classic Chinese compound prescription that has been proven to be effective in treating nephrotic syndrome (NS) in both clinical trials and animal experiments. This study aimed to reveal the mechanism of action of DSS and one of its main constituents, 1,2,3,4,6-O-pentagalloylglucose (PGG), in protecting the kidney through multiple pathways. Methods: In vivo, we used TUNEL assay, western blotting, real-time quantitative PCR, and immunofluorescence to further confirm the regulatory effects of these interventions on apoptosis, podocyte structure and oedema-related proteins in renal tissue. Results: The results of animal experiments showed that DSS effectively alleviated NS. In different combinations, the blood-associated herbs group and PGG decreased the plasminogen related indicators. Molecular mechanism studies revealed that DSS improved the fusion of podocyte foot processes and inhibited renal cell apoptosis. Furthermore, DSS and PGG were confirmed to have improving effects on sodium transporter related proteins and aquaporin 2. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that DSS can alleviate NS by inhibiting apoptosis, ameliorating podocyte injury and possibly reducing sodium and water retention via plasminogen and that its active constituent PGG has a special effect on plasminogen-epithelial Na⁺ channel, which provides a potential candidate for the treatment of NS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34599,"journal":{"name":"Phytomedicine Plus","volume":"5 3","pages":"Article 100844"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144633712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of coriander components linalool and geranyl acetate on stress-related neuroendocrine and behavioral measures in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio)","authors":"Maureen L. Petrunich-Rutherford","doi":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100843","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100843","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Herbal medicines and their components represent an area rich for exploration, especially in the context of managing conditions like anxiety. Previous literature has indicated that extracts of the coriander (<em>Coriandrum sativum</em>) plant may have significant anxiolytic potential. However, it is currently unclear how the individual phytochemical components of coriander regulate anxiety-like behavior and stress axis activity. In the current study, coriander components linalool or geranyl acetate, or control (system water) were acutely administered to adult zebrafish for 1 h; subsequently, subjects were tested for anxiety-like behavior and motor activity in the novel tank test. To explore the potential impact of coriander components on stress axis regulation, baseline levels of cortisol were also determined from whole-body extracts. It was expected that linalool and geranyl acetate would reduce anxiety-like behavior and decrease levels of whole-body cortisol compared to control. Neither of the coriander components tested had a significant impact on exploratory and freezing behavior; however, linalool did significantly depress motor activity compared to control. There was no significant effect of either component on baseline levels of cortisol. Additional studies are needed to determine the contribution of specific coriander constituents to the regulation of anxiety-like behaviors. This information would provide support for clinical investigations into herbal medicines and their phytochemical constituents in the treatment of anxiety and other stress-related conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34599,"journal":{"name":"Phytomedicine Plus","volume":"5 3","pages":"Article 100843"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144614763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}