Phytomedicine Plus最新文献

{"title":"Phytochemical and toxicological evaluation of aqueous leaf extract of Premna integrifolia L. in male balb/c mice","authors":"Suman ,&nbsp;Pratibha Gaurav ,&nbsp;Rajesh Saini ,&nbsp;Kavindra Nath Tiwari ,&nbsp;Gautam Geeta Jiwatram","doi":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2024.100680","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2024.100680","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Phytoconstituents present in plants provide a natural and comprehensive method for combating oxidative stress and various ailments. Safety evaluation of these herbal medications is necessary, so acute and sub-acute toxicity of plant leaf extract <em>Premna integrifolia</em> has been performed to standardize its dose regarding its therapeutic application in male fertility.</div></div><div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Toxicological evaluation Aqueous leaf extract of <em>Premna integrifolia</em> (ALEPI), a known herbal medicine, for its utilization in male fertility enhancement use.</div></div><div><h3>Study design and methods</h3><div>To assess the safety and pharmacological potential of the ALEPI, acute and subacute toxicity studies were carried out in compliance with the OECD guidelines No. 425 and 407, respectively. Identification of pharmacologically active compounds in ALEPI was performed using UHPLC-HRMS analysis. In vitro<em>,</em> <strong>e</strong>stimation of Polyphenol Content, Total Flavonoid Content, saponins and Antioxidant Properties of ALEPI was performed. The oral acute toxicity of the ALEPI was conducted using male mice. The study involved administering single doses of ALEPI at 300, 2000, and 5000 mg/kg b.wt., followed by a fourteen-day observation period to monitor any signs of toxicity or adverse effects. In the oral subacute toxicity study, mice received daily oral gavage of the ALEPI at doses of 400, 800, and 1000 mg/kg b.wt. for twenty-eight days. The parameters studied included total reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, apoptosis, cell viability percentage, and cellular morphology.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The UHPLC-HRMS analysis of the ALEPI reveals the presence of various bioactive compounds with significant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. The acute and subacute toxicity studies of the ALEPI provided a comprehensive evaluation of its safety profile. Both studies demonstrated no mortality and only minor alterations in relative organ weights, hematology, and serum biochemistry, suggesting a low toxicity profile. Additionally, the normal histoarchitecture of vital organs indicates the absence of significant morphological changes. Significant reduction in total ROS, necrosis percentage, and apoptosis in testicular tissue compared to the control group highlights the antioxidant properties of the extract.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Based on the findings from both the acute and subacute toxicity studies, it is evident that the ALEPI does not actuate adverse effects of toxicological significance at the tested doses and hence can be used at appropriate concentrations in therapeutic application.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34599,"journal":{"name":"Phytomedicine Plus","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100680"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142650644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute oral toxicity study of novel polyherbal formulations by using wistar rats and Swiss albino mice as per OECD 425 TG","authors":"Ramkishan Jatoth ,&nbsp;S.P Dhanabal ,&nbsp;V. Senthil ,&nbsp;T. Ganesh ,&nbsp;Jubie Selvaraj ,&nbsp;P.S. Venkatesan","doi":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2024.100672","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2024.100672","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Hydaljss08 is a new semisolid fermented hydroalcoholic polyherbal formulation containing crude drug substances. Immunoboost Tab is a novel polyherbal dosage form that is incorporated isolated, and fractionated phytochemical substances. Acute oral toxicity is a primary safety profile of the novel polyherbal formulations. As a part of our study, we estimated acute toxicity safety profile of novel dosage forms by a Swiss albino mice and Wistar rats.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>According to the OECD 425 test guideline., the study aims to estimate acute toxicity tests of the “Hydaljss08, and Immunoboost Tab” dosage forms in rats and mice to assess the safety profile. Mice and rats are normally used in safety studies because of their susceptibility to toxic challenges, tumor induction, and carcinogenicity.</div></div><div><h3>Material and Methods</h3><div>1 % CMC, Hydaljss08, Immunoboost-Tab polyherbal formulations, female rats, and albino mice. Animals were divided into the control groups, and treated groups with test dosage forms. At the end of the study, animals were euthanized by using the CO₂ asphyxiation technique and subjected to gross pathological examinations.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>According to the assessment of the experimental data, the single-dose acute toxicity study of Hydaljss08 and Immunoboost-Tab formulations in mice and rats was fine. No signs of toxicity were observed in the animals treated at (2000 mg/kg.b. wt, Po), and revealed dullness, causing lethargy, and piloerections, which only persisted on the 1st day. At the end of the study, mild congestion in the liver, and lungs was observed in animals, treated with “Hydaljss08 formulation” compared to the vehicle control groups.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The estimated LD₅₀ of Hydaljss08, and Immunoboost-Tab polyherbal formulations in rats and mice by oral route was found &gt;2000 mg/kg, b.wt.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34599,"journal":{"name":"Phytomedicine Plus","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100672"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142650643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modulating the anti-inflammatory and barrier protective effects on intestinal epithelial cells utilizing an aqueous Aspalathus linearis extract in vitro","authors":"Shana De Bruyn-Orr ,&nbsp;Stefan Abel ,&nbsp;Mariam Rado ,&nbsp;Mariska Lilly","doi":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2024.100678","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2024.100678","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Rooibos is a natural herbal plant containing numerous unique polyphenols which have been associated with certain health benefits. Several of these bioactive constituents have been linked to promoting gut health through its beneficial actions such as anti-inflammatory and anti-spasmodic characteristics.</div></div><div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>The study aims to compare the anti-inflammatory and barrier protective effects of an unfermented and fermented rooibos aqueous extract on intestinal porcine epithelial cells (IPEC-J2).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Aqueous extracts of unfermented and fermented rooibos were prepared, and chemical and antioxidant analysis were performed of each extract. Intestinal porcine epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) were pre-treated with either unfermented or fermented aqueous rooibos extracts (0.1 and 0.05 mg/ml) then exposed to 10 µg/ml of <em>Escherichia coli</em> lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Cell viability, protein and gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines were investigated to determine the anti-inflammatory effect of both extracts. Barrier integrity of IPEC-J2 was investigated by measuring the Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and quantifying tight junction gene expression.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Both the unfermented and fermented rooibos extracts have significant anti-inflammatory properties by reducing pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Interestingly for certain genes (IL-8, IL-6, IL-1B and CCL20) the fermented extracts, specifically at 0.1 mg/ml, exhibited greater effectiveness by decreasing the expression after LPS-induced inflammation whilst for another gene (TNF-α) the unfermented extract at both concentrations was more efficient in decreasing expression and ultimately protecting the IPEC-J2 cells from inflammation. When evaluating the barrier integrity, 0.1 mg/ml of the unfermented rooibos extract showed the most significant barrier protective effects through upregulation of tight junction proteins, ZO-1, Occludin as well as Claudin-4.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Higher concentration of the fermented rooibos extract prevented the inflammatory response significantly whilst the higher concentration of the unfermented rooibos extract enhanced tight junction expression and protected barrier integrity in LPS-induced inflamed intestinal cells. This is attributed to the differences in the polyphenol content of each extract and demonstrating the unique activity mechanisms of different rooibos extracts to reduce onset of early inflammation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34599,"journal":{"name":"Phytomedicine Plus","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100678"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142650646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the healing properties of Cichorium intybus L. extracts on wounds","authors":"Berivan Kaçmaz ,&nbsp;Duygu Misirli ,&nbsp;Seçil Erden Tayhan ,&nbsp;Zafer Ömer Özdemir ,&nbsp;Mahfuz Elmastaş","doi":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2024.100669","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2024.100669","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Throughout the course of an individual's lifespan, they may come across a diverse range of minor or significant incidents that have the potential to result in the development of scars on any region of their physique. These scars may also be a consequence of the body's innate responses to different stimuli. Various medicinal drugs and methods have been used to treat scars. Herbal remedies have long been popular. <em>Cichorium intybus</em> L., or chicory, has been used for centuries to treat numerous illnesses and deformities.</div></div><div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>The primary objective and novelty of this research endeavor involve the investigation of potential therapeutic attributes inherent in extracts derived from different components of <em>C. intybus</em> (common chicory), encompassing the root, stem, flower, and whole herba. This will be accomplished through the utilization of <em>in vitro</em> scratch tests and <em>in vitro</em> cell migration assays. Additionally, the ash acquired from cremation, a method routinely employed by the general population, was also investigated.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>The focus of this investigation was to evaluate the wound healing effects of these extracts. The research encompassed a comprehensive examination of several components of the plant in order to ascertain the extracts that exhibited the highest efficacy.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study utilized the following approaches respectively to investigate the plant's wound healing abilities: collection and identification of plants, preparation of extracts, determination of phenolic compounds by HPLC-PDA, <em>in vitro</em> cell culture studies, cell viability analysis, wound healing analysis, statistical analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The findings indicated that the stem extracts of <em>C. intybus</em>, with the exception of the hexane extract (Sample 1), demonstrated notable wound healing properties. According to the chromatography results the main component of extract is chlorogenic acid. The aforementioned findings offer significant contributions to the potential directions for future research within this particular sector.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The evidence suggests that extracts from <em>C. intybus</em> have wound healing properties, highlighting its significance in traditional medicine and pharmaceutical research. Further investigation into active chemicals and mechanisms contributing to its wound healing properties is needed, potentially leading to advancements in wound healing therapies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34599,"journal":{"name":"Phytomedicine Plus","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100669"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142650645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-allergic potentials of Ceriops decandra leaves in TDI-induced allergic mice: Comprehensive in-vivo and in-silico studies","authors":"Aishwarja Dey ,&nbsp;Subarna Rani ,&nbsp;Rabindra Nath Acharyya ,&nbsp;Apurba Kumar Barman ,&nbsp;Khondoker Shahin Ahmed ,&nbsp;Nripendra Nath Biswas ,&nbsp;Shrabanti Dev ,&nbsp;Asish Kumar Das","doi":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2024.100670","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2024.100670","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div><em>Ceriops decandra</em> is a mangrove plant, locally known as “Goran”. This plant has been traditionally used to treat hepatitis, liver disorders, ulcers, diarrhea, gastrointestinal disorders, hemorrhage, pain, inflammation etc. Here we investigated the safety and anti-allergic potential of <em>C. decandra</em> leaves.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>The toxicity was screened by mortality rate, and behavioral changes in mice. Anti-allergic activity test was conducted on TDI induced allergy model mice by assessing the common allergic symptoms such as sneezing, scratching, nasal score as well as total and differential WBC counts. HPLC-DAD analysis was used to determine the polyphenolic compounds in crude extract and performed <em>in-silico</em> molecular docking against four potential receptor molecules (Histamine H₁, Histidine decarboxylate, Interleukin- 4 and 5).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The toxicity study of the extract on mice showed the innocuous nature of the plant even at the highest dose of 3000 mg/kg. In the anti-allergic assay, the leaf extract significantly (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) decreased the allergic symptoms along with the WBC counts in blood in a dose-dependent manner. The HPLC profile revealed the presence of six phenolic compounds (Catechin hydrate, Caffeic acid, Vanillic acid, Syringic acid, Rutin hydrate, <em>p</em>-coumarin). Among those Rutin hydrate, exhibited the best docking scores at all the targeted protein molecules and the highest binding affinity was (-9.8 kcal/mol) against Interleukin-5.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div><em>C. decandra</em> is safe and rich in several polyphenolic compounds which are effective against allergic syndromes which could be an effective option for the management of allergic symptoms, although clinical studies are required to establish the herbal formulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34599,"journal":{"name":"Phytomedicine Plus","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100670"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142650642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioassay-guided isolation and identification of antimutagenic compounds from Morina coulteriana and evaluation of its therapeutic potential","authors":"Jasbir Kour ,&nbsp;Bashir Ahmad Lone ,&nbsp;Amit Kumar ,&nbsp;Bashir A. Ganai ,&nbsp;Govind Yadav ,&nbsp;Prasoon Gupta ,&nbsp;Md.Niamat Ali ,&nbsp;Seema Akbar","doi":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2024.100676","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2024.100676","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>In the expanding field of cancer research, antimutagenic studies hold a promising ground. In recent times these studies have shown a shift towards the diverse flora of nature and its potential to treat cancer. Genus <em>Morina</em> has been extensively used in Chinese, Tibetan, and Indian traditional medicine to cure numerous diseases. The plant <em>Morina coulteriana</em> has been traditionally used to cure eye diseases. Nevertheless, it has been explored for the first time for its antimutagenic/antigenotoxic potential and phytochemical profile.</div></div><div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>The present study aimed to determine the antimutagenic/antigenotoxic potential of <em>Morina coulteriana</em> and the bioassay-guided identification of its bioactive constituents.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The methanol crude extract and its subsequent fractions were tested for antimutagenic/antigenotoxic activity <em>in vitro</em> (Ames assay) and <em>in vivo</em> (Chromosomal aberration assay in Balb/c mice). The active (ethyl acetate) fraction was further investigated to isolate and identify its bioactive compounds utilizing chromatographic purification and detailed spectroscopic techniques respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The results revealed that the plant and its fractions were neither mutagenic nor toxic. The ethyl acetate fraction showed significant antimutagenic/antigenotoxic activity (66.13 %) <em>in vitro</em> and (88.15 %) <em>in vivo</em>. Further, four identified major compounds which were also tested <em>in vitro</em>. Our results revealed that the plant is a potent antimutagen. It worked in a dose-dependent manner and its administration decreased the mutagenic load on the cells both <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> experiments. The 2 isolated compounds viz.; 4hydroxyacetophenone, a phenol and picein, a phenolic glycoside were reported for the first time from the genus <em>Morina</em>.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The findings of the present investigation clearly show that the plant <em>M. coulteriana</em> Royle has a strong antimutagenic potential. Its administration decreased the mutagenic load on the cells both <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> experiments Thus the present study provides a platform for the exploration of new plants with potential antimutagenic properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34599,"journal":{"name":"Phytomedicine Plus","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100676"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142650781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical compositions and health promoting effects of edible mushrooms from genus Russula","authors":"Xinwen Hu,&nbsp;Baojun Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2024.100677","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2024.100677","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The genus <em>Russula</em> comprises a diverse range of edible mushrooms known for their remarkable health-promoting effects. Extensive research in the past two decades has delved into the bioactive compounds of <em>Russula</em> mushrooms, exploring their therapeutic potential.</div></div><div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>This comprehensive review aims to examine the chemical diversity within the genus <em>Russula</em> and elucidate the contribution of these compounds to various health benefits, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, immunoenhancing properties, observed in different <em>Russula</em> species.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>To ensure the reliability and comprehensiveness of the review, a systematic search was conducted on prominent databases such as Web of Science, Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and ResearchGate to gather relevant data and insights from diverse scholarly sources.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The review meticulously analyzed the nutritional constituents and phytochemical compositions of <em>Russula</em> mushrooms, focusing on their potential health-promoting effects.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The findings highlight the significant potential of <em>Russula</em> mushrooms in developing natural remedies for a wide range of health conditions, showcasing their diverse bioactive compounds and their associated benefits.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Further research is warranted to uncover the underlying mechanisms of action and fully realize the clinical potential of <em>Russula</em> mushrooms in promoting human health and well-being.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34599,"journal":{"name":"Phytomedicine Plus","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100677"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142650641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytonutrient formulation using gum Arabic and Adansonia Digitata pulp: Lessons for boosting the human immune system - part 1","authors":"Ahmed A.M. Elnour ,&nbsp;Nour Hamid Abdurahman","doi":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2024.100663","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2024.100663","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The human innate immune system (HIIs) defends the body against pathogens and relies on the energy obtained from food sources to increase its metabolic activity.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>In this study, a new blended 3 in1 formula comprising <em>A. senegal, A. seyal</em>, and Adansonia digitata at a ratio of 5:3:2 was proposed as a potential aid in the management of Covid-19 patients with Metabolic Syndrome (MeT-S) disorders, with a specific focus on those presenting with impaired health.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The utilization of Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-MS) was employed to analyze 3 blended ingredient combinations, including the 3in1 formula, <em>A. senegal, A. seyal</em>, and <em>A. digitata</em> pulp, for the presence of elements by detecting the levels of moisture, ash, minerals, protein, amino acids, carbohydrates, sugars, prebiotic polysaccharides, energy, dietary fibers, and crude fibers. This advanced technique has replaced the titration method used in previous studies.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The mineral content of the blended 3in1 sample was found to be dominated by potassium (70.56±2.35), Calcium (68.54±3.12), Magnesium (16.60±4.80), Phosphorus (11.50±2.50), Sodium (31.4±4.80), Zinc (19.19±2.10), Iron (19 ± 0.14), Copper (15.12±1.81), and selenium (0.037 ± 0.005) g/100 g DW. The blended 3 in1 sample also had a higher hydroxyproline content (30.17 g/100 g and a higher total protein and carbohydrate content than the blended 2 in1 sample. Additionally, arabinose was identified as the major reducing sugar with up to 48.23 and 49.97g/100 gDW. The prebiotic polysaccharide content was 88.61±3.12g/100 gDW for the blended 3 in1 sample, which was significantly higher than that of the blended 2 in1 sample. Furthermore, the energy value of the blended 3 in1 sample was significantly higher at 350.12±5.210 kcal/100 g than the blended 2 in1 sample at 340.67±3.155 kWh. The Insoluble Dietary Fibers (IDFs) and Soluble Dietary Fibers (SDFs) of the blended 3 in1 sample were 12.6±2.10 g/100 gDW and 87±2.124 g/100 g DW, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of the blended 2 in1 sample.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The discovery of distinct molecular compositions of <em>A. senegal</em> and <em>A. seyal</em> when combined with <em>Adansonia Digitata</em> Pulp (ADLP) in the 3 in1 blend demonstrated enhanced HIIs among Covid-19 patients with compromised MeT-S disorders. This may be considered a valuable natural antiviral agent for the treatment of such individuals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34599,"journal":{"name":"Phytomedicine Plus","volume":"4 4","pages":"Article 100663"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142554779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cissus quadrangularis L. hexane extract infused glyoxal cross-linked chitosan-collagen scaffold elicits early osteoinduction","authors":"Praseetha R. Nair ,&nbsp;P.S. Unnikrishnan ,&nbsp;Sachin J. Shenoy ,&nbsp;G.S. Sailaja","doi":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2024.100668","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2024.100668","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The induction of osteoblast activity by natural materials would possibly eliminate toxicity concerns and can serve as a better approach for regenerative drug development studies. <em>Cissus quadrangularis</em> Linn. (CQ) extract is a good source of β-sitosterol, phytoestrogens, β-carotene, flavonoids, <em>etc.</em>, and aqueous CQ extract is traditionally used for bone fracture healing.</div></div><div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>This study presents histopathological evidence for the significant osteoinductive potential of CQ hexane extract in a mechanically reinforced natural scaffold in rat models of critical sized calvarial defects.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>To validate the bone regeneration potential of glyoxal cross-linked, mechanically reinforced, CQ hexane extract-infused chitosan-collagen scaffold (CH<img>CO<img>HE) <em>in vivo</em> in a critical-size rat calvarial defect model. (Controls: SHAM (defect without scaffolds) operated control and chitosan collagen scaffold (CH<img>CO)).</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>Glyoxal cross-linked chitosan-collagen scaffold is prepared as per the procedure we have reported recently. A critical-size defect (6 mm diameter × 2 mm thickness) was made at the dorsal calvarium using a trephine burr. The 6 mm critical sized calvarial defects were created and the scaffolds (CH<img>CO<img>HE and CH<img>CO) were implanted into the defect. SHAM served as a negative control. The animals were sacrificed after 4 and 12 weeks to analyze the extent of new bone formation.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Histopathological evaluation of CH<img>CO<img>HE implanted critical-size calvarial defect in rats indicates the presence of osteoblast cells, neovascularization along with evidence of scaffold degradation by giant cells after 4 weeks. Continual examination designates the formation of mature lamellar bone formation at 12 weeks both in the middle and periphery regions of the defect site. Although CH<img>CO scaffold alone also promoted healing, the quantitative assessment of new bone formation is significantly greater for CH<img>CO<img>HE than CH<img>CO group. SHAM-operated controls did not elicit any new bone formation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study highlights the high competency of CQ hexane extract (even at a very low concentration) and the efficacy of glyoxal cross-linked chitosan-collagen natural scaffold as a potential osteoinductive biodegradable scaffold for repairing critical-size bone defects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34599,"journal":{"name":"Phytomedicine Plus","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100668"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142650780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory activities of Marrubiin isolated from Marrubium vulgare: Indications of its interaction with PPAR γ","authors":"Parveen Kumar ,&nbsp;Shabir A. Dar ,&nbsp;Omesh Manhas ,&nbsp;Anil Bhushan ,&nbsp;Prasoon Gupta ,&nbsp;Sreedhar Madishetti ,&nbsp;Zabeer Ahmed","doi":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2024.100664","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2024.100664","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The aerial parts of <em>Marrubium vulgare</em> L. were used for many ailments like catarrh to diabetes in many parts of Latin America and Asia.</div></div><div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Identifying the active principle responsible for anti-diabetic activity of methanol extract of <em>M. vulgare</em> leaves and to predict the possible targets.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>All the activity investigations were conducted simultaneously for the extract, fraction, and isolated compounds to decipher the activity profile in comparison to each other which allowed the identification of an active principle followed by use of <em>in silico</em> methods to identify the possible target/s.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The aerial parts of <em>M. vulgare</em> were extracted using methanol. A chloroform fraction was prepared. Marrubiin and marrubinone B were isolated from this fraction. The anti-hyperglycemic, hypoglycemic, and postprandial blood glucose lowering activities were investigated using streptozotocin-induced diabetic and non-diabetic rat models. Pro-inflammatory cytokine inhibitory potential was investigated using LPS induced acute-inflammatory mouse model and RAW 264.7 cells. Further, antioxidant activity was investigated using a DPPH assay. The <em>in silico</em> analysis, using the Swiss-target prediction tool, was carried out to predict the probable targets of the isolated molecules.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Marrubiin exhibited anti-hyperglycemic effect in diabetic rats followed by hypoglycemia, and postprandial blood glucose lowering in non-diabetic rats. Methanol extract (Mv extract) and chloroform fraction (Mv fraction) showed anti-hyperglycemic and hypoglycemic effects. Moderate inhibition of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 was observed for marrubiin, marrubinone B, Mv extract, and Mv fraction, in vitro and in vivo. Neither marrubiin nor marrubinone B could quench the DPPH free radicals while Mv extract and Mv fraction could show 80 % suppression. <em>In silico</em> analysis has predicted that marrubiin can interact with PPAR γ but not marrubinone B.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Marrubiin and marrubinone B were responsible for the anti-inflammatory effect of Mv extract and Mv fraction while not contributing to the antioxidant effect. Marrubiin was found to be responsible for the anti-diabetic activity of Mv extract. The predicted interaction propensity of marrubiin with PPAR γ could explain its dual activity observed in the experimental setup.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34599,"journal":{"name":"Phytomedicine Plus","volume":"4 4","pages":"Article 100664"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142593530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}