Phytomedicine Plus最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of the acute and subacute toxicity of Lepidium sativum L. seed extract on Wistar rats","authors":"Teshome Gebremeskel Aragie ,&nbsp;Kaleab Asres ,&nbsp;Wondwossen Ergete ,&nbsp;Samual Woldekidan ,&nbsp;Sileshi Degu ,&nbsp;Abiy Abebe ,&nbsp;Bihonegn Sisay ,&nbsp;Eyob Debebe ,&nbsp;Girma Seyoum","doi":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100835","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100835","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div><em>Lepidium sativum L</em>., commonly known as garden cress, is a well-known medicinal plant used in many low- and middle-income communities for their primary healthcare. In Ethiopia, <em>L. sativum</em> seed is traditionally used to address various health issues; however, its safety profile has not yet been thoroughly investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the acute and subacute toxicity of <em>Lepidium sativum</em> seed extract in Wistar rats.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>An acute toxicity study was conducted in female Wistar albino rats that were administered in a single oral dose and followed for 14 days. Sub-acute oral toxicity study was conducted in rats of both sexes using a 28-day oral toxicity study model. Observations of the animals were performed regularly during the study period, and body weight was measured weekly. Finally, organ weight and histopathology, hematology, and clinical chemistry data were collected on the 29th day. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted, and the results are presented as mean ± standard deviation. Significance was declared at <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Rats treated with 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg of <em>L. sativum</em> seed extract showed significant signs of toxicity, such as diarrhea, decreased movement, and piloerection. The extract caused significant hepatic enlargement in both sexes in the 1000 mg/kg extract-treated groups. Elevation of liver enzymes with associated histopathological derangements of the liver was observed in both sexes in the 1000 mg/kg treatment groups.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The acute toxicity study of 70 % ethanol extract of <em>L. sativum</em> seeds did not result in mortality among rats at the administered doses. Therefore, the LD₅₀ value of the extract was estimated to exceed 5000 mg/kg, categorizing it as practically non-toxic (GHS Category 5). However, the subacute toxicity study revealed detrimental effects on liver histopathology, clinical chemistry, and hematologic parameters at the 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg doses tested.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34599,"journal":{"name":"Phytomedicine Plus","volume":"5 3","pages":"Article 100835"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144279311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Traditional Chinese medicine (Shenqinlong Qingfei Peiyuan) alleviate pulmonary infection in immunodeficient mice by suppressing HMGB1 and reversing macrophage polarization","authors":"Meijun Liu ,&nbsp;Xiyuan Song ,&nbsp;Xiaoli Chen ,&nbsp;Pengfei Meng ,&nbsp;Qian Yu ,&nbsp;Liran Xu ,&nbsp;Aiping Lyu ,&nbsp;Kenneth CP Cheung","doi":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100826","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100826","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Pulmonary infections are a significant concern for HIV/AIDS patients, and the role of macrophage polarization is critical in this context. <em>Shenqinlong Qingfei Peiyuan Granules</em> (QFPY) have been reported to alleviate symptoms of these infections. This study aims to explore the mechanisms through which QFPY reduces lung infections by regulating macrophage polarization.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We developed an immunocompromised mouse model using Balb/c mice, simulating HIV infection by inoculating them with <em>Friend Leukemia Virus</em> (FLV, VR-245). Pulmonary infection was induced by nasal administration of <em>Streptococcus pneumoniae Type III</em> (ATCC 49619). The mice received QFPY treatment for 14 days. Post-treatment, we collected thymus, spleen, and lung tissue samples. T lymphocyte counts (CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+) were measured, and CD86 and CD163 expressions in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from lung tissue were assessed using flow cytometry. Cytokine levels, including IL-1β, TNF-α, TGF-β1, and IL-10, were evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Additionally, HMGB1 mRNA and protein levels were measured using quantitative PCR (qPCR) and Western blot techniques.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>QFPY treatment showed efficacy comparable to the current standard treatment for lung infections, <em>levofloxacin tablets</em> (LEV). In our immunocompromised mouse model, QFPY treatment reversed thymus shrinkage, reduced spleen swelling, increased T cell counts, and inhibited M1 macrophage polarization. These effects were achieved by suppressing the expression of HMGB1.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>QFPY effectively restored immune homeostasis and reduced inflammation in HIV/AIDS-related pulmonary infections by modulating HMGB1 expression.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34599,"journal":{"name":"Phytomedicine Plus","volume":"5 3","pages":"Article 100826"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144279312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From inflammation to malignancy: ginsenosides as a bridge between traditional healing and modern therapies for periodontitis and oral cancer","authors":"Meysam Hosseinzadeh ,&nbsp;Hassan Bazvand ,&nbsp;Ehsan Gravand ,&nbsp;Mohammad Hossein Pourhanifeh","doi":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100827","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100827","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Periodontal disease and oral cancer are major global health issues, with periodontitis leading to tooth loss and linked to systemic diseases. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, is strongly associated with risk factors such as poor oral hygiene, smoking, and alcohol consumption. There is a connection between these conditions, as periodontal disease may elevate the risk of oral cancer through chronic inflammation and microbial dysbiosis. Ginsenosides, bioactive compounds found in ginseng, show promise for their therapeutic effects on both conditions. These saponins possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties, and recent studies indicate they can modulate immune responses, inhibit tumor growth, and lower inflammatory markers in periodontitis by suppressing pro-inflammatory cytokines like IL-6 and TNF-α. This review discusses the therapeutic potential of ginsenosides in treating periodontitis and oral cancer, focusing on the underlying mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34599,"journal":{"name":"Phytomedicine Plus","volume":"5 3","pages":"Article 100827"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144513692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deciphering the role of materia medica in the primary healthcare needs and managing livestock diseases among the Batswana in South Africa","authors":"John A. Asong ,&nbsp;Madeleen Struwig ,&nbsp;Morris M. Lebekwa ,&nbsp;Adeyemi O. Aremu","doi":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100834","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100834","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The Batswana descended mainly from Bantu-speaking tribes and regarded as an indigenous group in Southern Africa. Among this native group, medicinal plants play key roles for their primary healthcare needs and general well-being as well as managing livestock diseases.</div></div><div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>This study documented the ethnobotanical knowledge of medicinal plants used by the Batswana for managing their healthcare needs and livestock diseases in Mahikeng Local Municipality, South Africa.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 128 participants comprising traditional healers and community members from 28 of the 35 wards in Mahikeng Local Municipality were interviewed, using semi-structured questionnaires. Ethnobotanical data including the local names, plant parts used, method of preparation and administration of the identified plants were documented. The data was analysed using relative frequency of citation (RFC) and use-value (UV).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We recorded 100 plants representing 40 families used for alleviating 74 health problems affecting humans and livestock. The commonly treated health issues were dermatological (39 %), gastrointestinal (18 %) and respiratory (16 %) diseases. A total of 34 plants were used for treating diseases in humans and livestock. Based on the RFC values, the dominant plants were <em>Hypoxis hemerocallidea</em> Fisch.C. A Mey &amp; Ave (0.73), <em>Entada elephantina</em> (Burch.) S.A.O’Donell &amp; G.P. Lewis (0.66), <em>Helichrysum paronychioides</em> DC. Humbert (0.63) and <em>Drimia sanguinea</em> (Schinz) Jessop (0.63). In terms of UV, the top-ranked plants were <em>Hypoxis hemerocallidea</em> (0.18) and <em>Entada elephantina</em> (0.13). The dominant parts used for making herbal recipes were the leaves (27 %), roots (24 %) and whole plants (22 %).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The high number of plants recorded highlights the value and dependence on botanicals in folklore medicine among the Batswana. The current endeavour was vital towards preventing the erosion of important traditional knowledge and applications for the benefit of the present and future generations as well as potential downstream applications in the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34599,"journal":{"name":"Phytomedicine Plus","volume":"5 3","pages":"Article 100834"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144297052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diosgenin mitigates oxidative stress and inflammation within the hepatorenal system associated with epilepsy and alcohol use disorders in murine models","authors":"Emmanuel O. Chidebe ,&nbsp;Benneth Ben-Azu ,&nbsp;Benjamin Oritsemuelebi ,&nbsp;Emuesiri G Moke ,&nbsp;Itivere A. Omogbiya ,&nbsp;Theresa Ezedom","doi":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100833","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100833","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The relationship between alcohol consumption, multiorgan dysfunction and seizures is still largely unexplored. Diosgenin is a naturally occurring phytosteroid with diverse therapeutic benefits. This study aims to investigate the effects of diosgenin on liver and kidney (hepatorenal) oxidative stress following ethanol-exacerbated pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Adult mice were randomly divided into groups, and administered diosgenin (25 and 50 mg/kg, p.o.) or diazepam (3 mg/kg, p.o.) concurrently with maximal and sub-convulsive pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures from days 8–14, after first 7 days of binge ethanol (2 g/kg, oral gavage) administration. The influence of ethanol on pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures was determined in the liver and kidney tissues, along with oxidative stress and inflammatory enzyme markers.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Ethanol-exacerbated pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures mediate a significant increase in hepatic and kidney levels of oxidative stress, evidenced by a reduced antioxidant system (glutathione, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione-transferase) and increased lipid peroxidation, marked by elevated malondialdehyde concentration compared to the control groups. This was also associated with increased myeloperoxidase activity, a marker of neutrophil infiltration, and increased weights of the liver, kidney, and adrenal. However, diosgenin increased the latency to seizures, as well as increased glutathione, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione transferase in the mice.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Diosgenin reduced liver and kidney oxidative stress and inflammation, suggesting protective effects in ethanol-exacerbated pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34599,"journal":{"name":"Phytomedicine Plus","volume":"5 3","pages":"Article 100833"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144263476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Linear furanocoumarins: Bridging natural wisdom and synthetic ingenuity in drug discovery","authors":"Duha Adnan Hassan,&nbsp;Yasser Fakri Mustafa","doi":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100832","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100832","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coumarins, renowned for their adaptability and therapeutic potential, have emerged as a cornerstone in modern drug development. Nature contains these products, and scientists synthesize them in the lab, in addition to having a simple structure that can be modified in a lot of ways, which makes them excellent at therapy with few side effects. Adding other heterocycles, like furan rings, to a coumarin framework has been documented in many studies to make new annulates that are better at treating illnesses. This review looks at how to make linearly annulated coumarin-furan systems, where they come from natural and synthetic origins, and what they can do as therapeutic alternatives. Because they can improve bioavailability and pharmacological activity, linear furanocoumarins have a lot of potential as antioxidants, pain relievers, blood thinners, and even cancer fighters. Rich sources such as the <em>Apiaceae</em> and <em>Rutaceae</em> plant families continue to provide a diverse array of these annulated compounds with applications ranging from diabetes management to cardiovascular and neuroprotective treatments. Drawing from a comprehensive review of over 227 studies, this work sheds light on the structure-activity relationships that drive these compounds' efficacy. Finally, this review can help medicinal chemists and researchers come up with new medicines that use the unique benefits of linear furanocoumarin frameworks. Exploring these versatile molecules can lead to innovative treatments that have the potential to transform the future of medicine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34599,"journal":{"name":"Phytomedicine Plus","volume":"5 3","pages":"Article 100832"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144196140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-ligand simultaneous docking of Carica papaya leaf phytochemicals, Carpaine and Rutin reveal multi-mechanism inhibition of cancer proteins, BCL-2 and WWP1","authors":"Merla Sudha ,&nbsp;Asmita Saha ,&nbsp;Belaguppa Manjunath Ashwin Desai ,&nbsp;Anil Ranu Mhashal ,&nbsp;Pronama Biswas","doi":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100829","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100829","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cancer remains a major global health concern due to chemotherapy resistance and toxicity from high-dose treatments. To overcome these challenges, new therapeutic strategies targeting key proteins in cancer progression are essential. This study evaluates two phytochemicals, Carpaine (Car) and Rutin (Rut), from <em>Carica papaya</em> leaves, for their potential in enhancing cancer therapy by targeting B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) and WW domain-containing protein 1 (WWP1) proteins. We assessed their additive, allosteric, and synergistic effects using molecular docking, multi-ligand simultaneous docking (MLSD), molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and MMPBSA analysis. Car and Rut showed an additive effect on BCL-2 by binding at distinct regions within the same pocket. MLSD revealed an improved binding affinity of -13.13 ± 0.08 kcal/mol, individual ligands or the commercial inhibitor Venetoclax. For WWP1, Car bound near the H-site and Rut near the Le-site, exhibiting an allosteric effect that increased Car’s binding affinity in MLSD to -15.59 ± 0.39 kcal/mol. Furthermore, Rut combined with bortezomib (Bortezomib) demonstrated a synergistic interaction with WWP1. Binding energies were -7.64 ± 0.156 kcal/mol for Bort, -10.26 ± 0.07 kcal/mol for Rut, and -15.59 ± 0.39 kcal/mol for MLSD, suggesting a more stable complex through synergy. These results suggest Car and Rut, particularly in combination with Bort, as promising candidates against cancer-related proteins BCL-2 and WWP1. Further experimental validation is warranted to explore their therapeutic potential.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34599,"journal":{"name":"Phytomedicine Plus","volume":"5 3","pages":"Article 100829"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144221063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the cancer-fighting potential of Rheum species (Rhubarb): Phytochemistry, ethnopharmacology, and mechanistic insights into the anticancer effects of key anthraquinones","authors":"Umer Majeed Khaja ,&nbsp;Chirag Chopra ,&nbsp;Amit Sehgal ,&nbsp;Reena Singh ,&nbsp;Showkat Ahmad Ganie","doi":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100831","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100831","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Rhubarb (&lt;em&gt;Rheum&lt;/em&gt; spp.) has been cultivated for over 5,000 years for both medicinal and culinary purposes. Renowned in traditional and modern medicine, it offers a range of therapeutic benefits. The rhizome of rhubarb, recognized as a significant medicinal plant, was first documented as early as 270 BC in the ancient Chinese text “Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing”. Notably, rhubarb is celebrated for its anti-cancer properties, gastrointestinal regulation, anti-inflammatory effects, and ability to inhibit fibrosis. Cancer, a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality, underscores the urgency to identify new therapeutic agents. Despite rhubarb’s extensive history of use, there is a pressing need for a comprehensive review that examines its anti-cancer properties and underlying mechanisms.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Purpose&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;This review aims to examine the phytochemistry, ethno-medicinal applications, and anti-cancer capabilities of Rhubarb. Additionally, it will explore the underlying mechanisms of the anti-neoplastic activity of the most prevalent anthraquinones found in &lt;em&gt;Rheum&lt;/em&gt; species.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;A comprehensive search was conducted for randomized controlled trials on the benefits of &lt;em&gt;Rheum&lt;/em&gt; species, using databases such as PubMed, Elsevier, SCOPUS, and the Cochrane Database for Systematic Review.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Rhubarb exhibits diverse biological effects through its phytoconstituents, making it effective in preventing and treating various diseases, including cancer. Key anthraquinones in rhubarb, such as emodin and aloe-emodin, have demonstrated the ability to inhibit cellular proliferation, induce apoptosis, and suppress metastasis in cancers of the breast, colon, lung, liver, blood, pancreas, stomach, and oral cavity. The chemopreventive and anti-carcinogenic potential of &lt;em&gt;Rheum&lt;/em&gt; species stems from their modulation of critical molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways including NF-kappa B (NF-κB), Tumor Suppressor Gene (p53), tyrosine kinases, phosphoinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), protein kinase C (PKC) involved in various anti-cancer activities. The review findings also elucidate the potent anti-inflammatory activity of rhubarb, supported by various mechanisms including inhibition of lipoxygenase (LOX), cyclooxygenase (COX) and hyaluronoglucosaminidase (HYAL) enzymes, reduction of pro-inflammatory responses, and modulation of inflammatory signaling pathways. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of rhubarb’s bioactive anthraquinones that show a great potential in fighting cancer and could be used for various therapeutic applications.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Rhubarb contains herbal remedies that have the potential to prevent and treat a variety of human malignancies. Many chemical constituents of rhubarb, especially anthraquinones may be the cause of its therapeutic properties.","PeriodicalId":34599,"journal":{"name":"Phytomedicine Plus","volume":"5 3","pages":"Article 100831"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144297051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harnessing nature: plant-derived nanocarriers for targeted drug delivery in cancer therapy","authors":"Esther Ugo Alum ,&nbsp;Olisa Alfred Nwuruku ,&nbsp;Okechukwu Paul-Chima Ugwu ,&nbsp;Daniel Ejim Uti ,&nbsp;Benedict Nnachi Alum ,&nbsp;Nzubechukwu Edwin","doi":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100828","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100828","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background/objective</h3><div>The rising global burden of cancer underscores the need for innovative therapies that address limitations of conventional treatments, such as drug resistance, systemic toxicity, and poor bioavailability. Plant-derived nanocarriers (PDNs) offer a sustainable, biocompatible, and effective platform for targeted drug delivery. This review explores the classifications, mechanisms, and therapeutic potential of PDNs in enhancing cancer treatment outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>A comprehensive literature review was conducted using databases including Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed, focusing on peer-reviewed publications from the past decade. Various PDN types such as phytosomes, lipid-based nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, and exosome-like nanovesicles were examined. Mechanisms of drug encapsulation, release, and tumor targeting were analyzed alongside relevant preclinical and clinical case studies.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>PDNs improve drug stability, solubility, and targeted delivery, minimizing toxicity to healthy tissues. Case studies highlight successful delivery of agents like curcumin, doxorubicin, and plant-derived alkaloids. Key challenges include scalability, stability, and regulatory hurdles. Emerging solutions such as green synthesis and integration with artificial intelligence are discussed.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>PDNs represent a promising frontier in cancer therapy by merging nanotechnology with natural biomaterials to enhance efficacy and personalization while reducing side effects. Overcoming current limitations could accelerate clinical adoption and revolutionize cancer treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34599,"journal":{"name":"Phytomedicine Plus","volume":"5 3","pages":"Article 100828"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144184981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeting hyperlipidemia: A polarity-driven ternary extraction of Apium graveolens bioactives—A coupled in-vivo, in-vitro and in-silico investigation","authors":"Nargis Sultana Chowdhury ,&nbsp;Tasnuva Sharmin Zaman ,&nbsp;Rifah Noor Chowdhury ,&nbsp;Md Abdur Rahman ,&nbsp;Sheikh Rakibul Alam ,&nbsp;Romana Akter ,&nbsp;Md. Nazmus Samdani ,&nbsp;Syeda Sadia Afrin ,&nbsp;Md. Rafat Tahsin ,&nbsp;Fahima Aktar ,&nbsp;Ishrat Jahan ,&nbsp;Nasiba Binte Bahar ,&nbsp;Salehuddin Ayubee ,&nbsp;Umme Habiba Ria ,&nbsp;Md Zakir Sultan ,&nbsp;Mohammad Borhan Uddin ,&nbsp;Jakir Ahmed Chowdhury ,&nbsp;Md. Selim Reza ,&nbsp;Abu Asad Chowdhury ,&nbsp;Shaila Kabir ,&nbsp;Md. Shah Amran","doi":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100824","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100824","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Introduction&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;An important factor in the onset and progression of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease (CHD) is hyperlipidemia. Though numerous medication classes are available to regulate our body's fat content, the current fascination with natural products has accelerated the hunt for novel molecules from natural sources that decrease cholesterol. In our investigations, &lt;em&gt;Apium graveolens&lt;/em&gt; (celery) has demonstrated a superior effect than the control medications.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Objective&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Considering previous research (96 % Ethanol), we modified the solvent system (70 % methanol and 30 % aqueous acetone). In 96 % ethanol, mostly the hydrophobic compound can be dissolved. However, in our solvent system we enhance the polarity by adding 15 % water so more hydrophilic compounds could be present in the extract. Also, 15 % acetone would draw high molecular weight polyphenols. As a result, a wide array of compounds (hydrophilic, hydrophobic, and high molecular weight polyphenols will be present in our extract. However, in a previous study, the research used 96 % ethanol and we are using 70 % methanol, as a result, we will get a diminished concentration of hydrophobic compound. So, we aim to explore whether the hydrophilic anti-hyperlipidemic and high molecular weight polyphenol can compensate for the reduced concentration of hydrophobic anti-hyperlipidemic constituents.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Materials and methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The &lt;em&gt;Apium graveolens&lt;/em&gt; extract was prepared using a ternary extraction solvent. Under careful monitoring, the in-vivo study was conducted by distributing 95 healthy Wister albino male rats into 19 groups. Histopathological investigation was conducted using fluorescence microscope, followed by statistical assessment of the experimental data.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results and discussion&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;According to the experimental data, rats with disrupted hyperlipidemic conditions showed a significant restoration in their HDL, LDL, triglycerides, and total cholesterol levels upon administration of &lt;em&gt;Apium graveolens&lt;/em&gt; extract prepared with the ternary extraction solvent. Moreover, rats treated with the plant extract exhibited a significant reduction in their serum levels of the hepatic damage biomarkers and renal function biomarkers compared to the disease control group. The histopathological investigations showed that &lt;em&gt;Apium graveolens&lt;/em&gt; at high doses can change the status of histopathological markers associated with liver damage. The findings of the &lt;em&gt;in-silico&lt;/em&gt; studies revealed that the 3 top performing compounds (i.e. apiumoside, apiin and graveobioside B) showed high binding affinity to selected anti hyperlipidemic targets HMG CoA reductase and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-Alpha (PPAR-Alpha) with a very stable condition in the molecular dynamic simulation against the selected targets.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Based on our findings it can be infer","PeriodicalId":34599,"journal":{"name":"Phytomedicine Plus","volume":"5 3","pages":"Article 100824"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144271410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}