Phytomedicine Plus最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of the antiviral and anti-inflammatory activity of Acalypha indica L. in LPS-induced macrophages via modulating NF-κB pathway","authors":"Divya Sharma ,&nbsp;Hitesh Shrimal ,&nbsp;Kamal Singh ,&nbsp;Subbu Apparsundaram ,&nbsp;Mahaveer Dhobi","doi":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100882","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100882","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Inflammation plays a major role in SARS-CoV-2 infection severity, as an excessive immune response can cause tissue damage and severe respiratory distress. Phytochemicals, with their anti-inflammatory and immune-regulating properties, offer the potential in helping to manage these effects. <em>Acalypha indica,</em> an annual herb from the Euphorbiaceae family, is traditionally used to treat respiratory issues.</div></div><div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>The study aims to assess the phytochemical profile and dual anti-inflammatory and anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity of <em>A. indica</em>. The current study offers a targeted approach to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection and associated inflammatory conditions using a chemically characterized purified fraction.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>UPLC-QTOF-MS and GC–MS were used for phytochemical profiling. The <em>in vitro</em> anti-inflammatory activity and anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity were assessed using ELISA cytokine estimation and pseudovirus entry inhibition assay, respectively. Additionally, acute toxicity was evaluated following OECD guidelines 425, which ensures the safety of the extract for its therapeutic use.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The major compounds identified are gallic acid, kaempferol, rutin, acalyphin, phytol, stigmasterol, β-sitosterol from the group of phenolics, flavonoids, cyanogenic glycosides, acyclic diterpene alcohol, and sterols, respectively. The crude extract and fractions of <em>A. indica</em> reduced the production of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced TNF-α and IL-6. Notably, the hexane-soluble fraction demonstrated the strongest activity, an 8–9-fold reduction compared to LPS only. The pseudovirus expressing SARS-CoV-2 Spike assay displayed that the hexane-soluble fraction restricted the entry of pseudovirus particles expressing SARS-CoV-2 Spike glycoprotein, with an IC₅₀ value of 739 μg/mL.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div><em>Acalypha indica</em> extract shows anti-inflammatory and anti-SARS-CoV-2 properties, suggesting its potential for treating inflammation-related viral infections.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34599,"journal":{"name":"Phytomedicine Plus","volume":"5 4","pages":"Article 100882"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145105415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunomodulatory effects of functional fungi and their bioactive components: a scoping review of preclinical studies","authors":"Maria Camila Loaiza-Ceballos ,&nbsp;Santiago Rendon-Marin ,&nbsp;Luis Felipe Higuita-Gutiérrez ,&nbsp;Juan C. Hernandez ,&nbsp;Diana Maryory Gómez-Gallego","doi":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100881","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100881","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Context</h3><div>Functional fungi are a rich source of bioactive compounds with significant immunomodulatory potential. Various studies have demonstrated that species such as <em>Ganoderma, Cordyceps, Phellinus</em>, and <em>Pleurotus</em> contain secondary metabolites with therapeutic effects on immune system regulation. However, there is considerable variability in the observed effects, depending on the species, the composition of bioactive compounds, and the experimental models used.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This scoping review aims to systematically examine the immunomodulatory effects of functional fungi and their bioactive compounds.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A comprehensive search was conducted in four databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Scielo, and LILACS, using 19 selected fungal genera and word truncations related to immunomodulation, such as <em>\"Immu</em>*\" and \"<em>Inflamm</em>a*\". The study selection included preclinical research evaluating the impact of fungal compounds on the immune system. Data were extracted on the fungal species studied, the bioactive compounds characterized, the experimental models and techniques used, and the reported immunological effects.</div></div><div><h3>Results and conclusion</h3><div>The literature analysis revealed that different bioactive components can either stimulate or suppress the immune response, involving various mechanisms such as inflammation, cellular response, phagocytosis, humoral response, cytotoxicity, and antigen presentation, depending on the species, compound, and experimental conditions. Our findings provide valuable insights into the immunological mechanisms underlying the therapeutic benefits of medicinal fungi, contributing to the growing field of functional foods and nutraceuticals designed to support immune health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34599,"journal":{"name":"Phytomedicine Plus","volume":"5 4","pages":"Article 100881"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145045241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural immune boosters: coumarins as emerging potentiators of immunity in drug discovery","authors":"Yasser Fakri Mustafa","doi":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100880","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100880","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>In the wake of increasing global health threats, bolstering host immunity has become a central focus in drug discovery. Coumarins, a class of phenolic compounds abundantly found in plants, have emerged as promising candidates due to their multifaceted biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This review aims to explore the evolving role of coumarins as natural immune boosters with significant therapeutic potential. This goal is achieved by thoroughly looking at how coumarins affect the immune system, their historical uses, their clinical applications, and the challenges in developing them as drugs, showing their ability to influence both innate and adaptive immunity.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A literature-based analysis was conducted on the phytochemistry, biosynthesis, and immunological impact of coumarins, supported by <em>in vitro, in vivo</em>, and limited clinical studies. The review highlights key coumarin derivatives and their interactions with immune cells, cytokines, and oxidative stress pathways, while also considering their synergistic effects with conventional drugs.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Coumarins influence multiple facets of the immune system by regulating cytokine secretion, enhancing phagocytic activity, and attenuating oxidative stress. Compounds such as umbelliferone, scopoletin, and osthole have demonstrated immunoprotective functions in various disease models. Their traditional use in respiratory and inflammatory disorders aligns with contemporary pharmacological findings. However, poor bioavailability, regulatory ambiguity, and limited clinical data remain major barriers to their therapeutic application.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Coumarins represent a potent yet underutilized class of natural immunomodulators. With new delivery methods like nanocarriers and prodrugs, along with thorough clinical testing, they could change the way we treat immune-related diseases and be used alongside other therapies. Interdisciplinary collaboration could be pivotal to translating their potential into real-world treatments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34599,"journal":{"name":"Phytomedicine Plus","volume":"5 4","pages":"Article 100880"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145045240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the toxicity and in vitro and in vivo antidiabetic activities of Miliusa velutina stem bark ethanolic extract","authors":"Tran Chi Linh ,&nbsp;Chong Kim Thien Duc ,&nbsp;Nguyen Trong Tuan ,&nbsp;Dai Thi Xuan Trang","doi":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100879","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100879","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The extracts from <em>Miliusa velutina</em> have been recently demonstrated to possess a range of biological activities. This study aimed to (i) identify the major bioactive compounds in <em>M. velutina</em> stem bark, (ii) evaluate their <em>in vitro</em> antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic activities, and (iii) investigate the <em>in vivo</em> antidiabetic and toxicity profile in animal models. The <em>M. velutina</em> stem bark extract (MVSBE) exhibited the highest content of total polyphenols and flavonoids, significantly exceeding those found in the flower extract. Consequently, MVSBE demonstrated notable antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and enzyme inhibitory properties, indicating its biological effectiveness. MVSBE was subsequently selected for testing its antidiabetic activity on alloxan monohydrate-induced diabetic mice. Remarkably, MVSBE effectively controlled diabetes and its complications <em>in vivo</em>. MVSBE strongly inhibited glucose-6-phosphatase activity, thereby reducing blood glucose levels. It significantly reduced triglycerides, cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, VLDL cholesterol, while increased HDL cholesterol. It helped to protect organs by reducing alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) in liver, reducing oxidative stress in liver, kidney, pancreas, heart and muscle organs based on its ability to reduce malondialdehyde (MDA) and increase glutathione (GSH). Sub-chronic administration of MVSBE at the tested dose was generally well tolerated in mice, without evidence of severe toxicity. The results from this study showed that stem bark extract of <em>M. velutina</em> can be a potential source for the development of antidiabetic drugs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34599,"journal":{"name":"Phytomedicine Plus","volume":"5 4","pages":"Article 100879"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145019730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of dietary phytopharmaceuticals across the globe to alleviate the Alzheimer’s disease: mechanism-based approach","authors":"Arun Kumar Mishra ,&nbsp;Amrita Mishra ,&nbsp;Kamal YT ,&nbsp;Arvind Kumar ,&nbsp;Harpreet Singh ,&nbsp;Shristy Verma ,&nbsp;Gyas Khan","doi":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100877","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100877","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alzheimer disease is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, affects a significant portion of the elderly population, with current treatments primarily focusing on symptom relief rather than disease progression. This review paper explores the role of dietary phytopharmaceuticals in alleviating Alzheimer's Disease (AD) through a mechanism-based approach. The paper emphasizes the importance of diet in influencing brain health and the potential of phytochemicals, the bioactive compounds derived from plants to provide neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant benefits. Key phytochemicals such as curcumin, resveratrol, and apigenin are highlighted for their roles in reducing amyloid plaque formation, enhancing neuronal survival, and modulating inflammatory responses. The paper also discusses the complex interplay between diet, gut microbiota, and neurodegenerative processes, suggesting that a balanced diet rich in antioxidants and healthy fats may mitigate AD risk. Furthermore, it addresses the challenges of bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of phytopharmaceuticals, proposing that future researchers work to enhance therapeutic efficacy. The review concludes that integrating dietary phytopharmaceuticals with conventional treatments could offer a comprehensive strategy for AD management, paving the way for future research to elucidate molecular mechanisms and develop targeted interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34599,"journal":{"name":"Phytomedicine Plus","volume":"5 4","pages":"Article 100877"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145019728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic excess ethanol exacerbates post-ischaemic vascular dementia in rats: the potential of Ficus platyphylla Delile to reverse motor and behavioral sequelae","authors":"Kalib Kodji ,&nbsp;Hervé Hervé Ngatanko Abaissou ,&nbsp;Serge Hermann Tchinda Defo ,&nbsp;Guillaume Camdi Woumitna ,&nbsp;Parfait Bouvourné ,&nbsp;Jorelle Linda Damo Kamda ,&nbsp;Sabine Jerye ,&nbsp;Balbine Kamleu Nkwingwa ,&nbsp;Harquin Simplice Foyet","doi":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100878","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100878","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Ethnopharmacological Relevance&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ficus platyphylla&lt;/em&gt; Delile (Moraceae) is traditionally used in Africa to treat cognitive disorders, epilepsy, and psychosis.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Aim of the Study&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;To evaluate the effect of &lt;em&gt;Ficus platyphylla&lt;/em&gt; (FP) trunk bark aqueous extract on ischaemic stroke-induced vascular dementia, exacerbated by chronic and excessive ethanol exposure in adult rats.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Materials and Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Fifty-eight male rats were divided into nine groups: Normal group received distilled water (DW) at 10 mL/kg (n=4), SHAM group received ethanol (EtOH) 35% at 5 mL/kg (n=10), Negative group 1 underwent the CIS procedure (n=4), Negative group 2 underwent the CIS procedure and received EtOH (n=10), positive group 1 received Aspirin at 30 mg/kg (n=6), Positive group 2 received Piracetam at 200 mg/kg (n=6) and Experimental groups (3 groups) treated with FP aqueous extract at doses of 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg (n=6 each). Rats were pretreated with ethanol for 30 days, followed by the CIS procedure. Four rats from the first four groups were randomly selected and sacrificed to validate the model. The remaining rats underwent 14 days of treatment with FP extract or reference substances. Memory impairment was evaluated using the Y-maze test (YMT) and novel object recognition test (NORT). Motor activity was assessed through the grid suspension test (GST) and Raised Beam Test (RBT). Oxidative and nitrosative stress markers, pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, and acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity were measured in brain homogenates after euthanasia. Histological analysis of the hippocampus and cortex was conducted. Acute and sub-acute toxicological studies of FP extract were carried out in accordance with OECD guidelines (425 for acute toxicity and 407 for sub-acute toxicity).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Model validation showed that combined EtOH and CIS increased neurological scores (p &lt; 0.01), IL-1β levels (p &lt; 0.05), NO levels (p &lt; 0.01), and MDA levels (p &lt; 0.001), while reducing SOD (p &lt; 0.001) and GPx activity (p &lt; 0.05) compared to rats subjected only to the CIS procedure. Treatment with FP aqueous extract (100, 200, and 300 mg/kg) improved (p &lt; 0.001) spontaneous alternation in the YMT and discrimination index in the NORT, compared to the EtOH + CIS group. At 200 and 300 mg/kg, FP extract significantly (p &lt; 0.001) increased grip time in the GST and reduced latency time (p &lt; 0.01) in the RBT, reduced (p &lt; 0.01) AchE activity, MDA concentration, and NO levels, while enhancing SOD and GPx activity, compared to the EtOH + CIS group. The extract also decreased (p &lt; 0.001) IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels across all doses, compared to the EtOH + CIS group. No signs of toxicity were observed at therapeutic doses of FP extract.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The aqueous extract of &lt;em&gt;Ficus platyphylla&lt;/em&gt; trunk bark (100, 200, and 300 mg/kg) ","PeriodicalId":34599,"journal":{"name":"Phytomedicine Plus","volume":"5 4","pages":"Article 100878"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145045239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cannabis and the immune response: A comprehensive review of therapeutic potential and concerns","authors":"Muna Barakat ,&nbsp;Samar Thiab ,&nbsp;Lujain F. Alzaghari ,&nbsp;Shaymaa B. Abdulrazzaq ,&nbsp;Eliza Hasen ,&nbsp;Sara Feras Abuarab ,&nbsp;Lara Nasereddin ,&nbsp;Amin Omar ,&nbsp;Yasmeen Barakat ,&nbsp;Dinesh Kumar Chellappan ,&nbsp;Mohammad A.A. Al-Najjar","doi":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100876","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100876","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cannabis has long been esteemed for its analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and sedative characteristics. Ancient people such as the Egyptians, Greeks, and Chinese acknowledged the curative value of their medicinal practices. The identification of the endocannabinoid system, which engages with cannabis phytochemicals, has elucidated the mechanisms by which cannabis influences the human immune system, including the central nervous system. Cannabis and its bioactive components, particularly cannabinoids such as delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), have garnered substantial interest for their potential therapeutic effects. This review comprehensively examines the interactions between cannabis and the immune system, focusing on immune cell function, clinical evidence, molecular mechanisms, and ongoing controversies. Cannabinoids modulate immune responses by interacting with cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2) expressed on various immune cells. THC generally exhibits immunosuppressive properties beneficial in conditions such as autoimmune diseases, whereas CBD shows anti-inflammatory effects without broadly suppressing immune function. The review also highlights the complex impact of cannabinoids on T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and natural killer cells, influencing cytokine production and immune signaling pathways. Clinical studies suggest that cannabinoids may alleviate symptoms of multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus, although their long-term impact on immune competence remains uncertain. Epidemiological studies indicate that chronic cannabis use may alter immune responses, with both beneficial and adverse effects. The review underscores the need for more extensive research to understand the dose-dependent immunomodulatory effects of cannabinoids and their potential for developing personalized therapeutic strategies. Emerging trends in cannabinoid research and the potential for cannabis-based therapies in immune-related diseases are also discussed, highlighting the promise and challenges in this evolving field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34599,"journal":{"name":"Phytomedicine Plus","volume":"5 4","pages":"Article 100876"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144932840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of hesperidin in modulating antioxidant enzymes in the brain of rats exposed to Nickel Chloride","authors":"Niloufar Alizadeh,&nbsp;Bagher Seyedalipour,&nbsp;Mohammad Karimian","doi":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100874","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100874","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>This study aimed to investigate the effects of hesperidin on the gene expression of antioxidant enzymes catalase (Cat), superoxide dismutase (Sod), and glutathione peroxidase (Gpx) in the brain and their enzymatic activities in the brain and serum of rats exposed to nickel.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Forty-eight male Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups: control group, nickel group (nickel chloride 20 mg/kg), hesperidin group (100 mg/kg), and three nickel + hesperidin groups at doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg. Hesperidin was administered via gavage, and nickel was injected intraperitoneally for 21 days. The gene expression of Sod, Cat, and Gpx enzymes was examined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and the activity of these enzymes in serum and brain tissue was assessed by standard biochemical methods. Immunohistochemistry was also used to analyze the expression of Sod1 protein in brain tissue.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Exposure to nickel chloride significantly suppressed Sod, Cat, and Gpx enzymatic activities in both brain and serum tissues of rats (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05 to <em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). Hesperidin at 200 mg/kg significantly restored Sod and Cat activities in the brain by approximately 95.74 % and 80.35 %, respectively (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), and all doses (50–200 mg/kg) increased Gpx activity (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01 to <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). In serum, hesperidin administration at doses of 100 mg/kg (44.36±13.7 U/mL) and 200 mg/kg (47.78±6.23 U/mL) significantly increased Cat activity compared with the nickel-exposed group (19.17±8.20 U/mL) (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). Moreover, the 200 mg/kg dose markedly enhanced Sod activity (36.78±9.86 U/mL) relative to the nickel group (16.60±3.67) (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). <strong>Nickel significantly downregulated Cat and Gpx gene expression (<em>P</em></strong> <strong>&lt;</strong> <strong>0.01 to <em>P</em></strong> <strong>&lt;</strong> <strong>0.001), with no recovery after hesperidin treatment. In contrast, hesperidin at all doses significantly upregulated Sod gene expression (<em>P</em></strong> <strong>&lt;</strong> <strong>0.01 to <em>P</em></strong> <strong>&lt;</strong> <strong>0.001). Sod1 protein expression in the brain was markedly reduced by nickel (<em>P</em></strong> <strong>&lt;</strong> <strong>0.0001), while hesperidin increased its expression at all doses (<em>P</em></strong> <strong>&lt;</strong> <strong>0.01 to <em>P</em></strong> <strong>&lt;</strong> <strong>0.0001).</strong></div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Hesperidin, especially at higher doses, shows significant protective effects against nickel-induced oxidative damage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34599,"journal":{"name":"Phytomedicine Plus","volume":"5 4","pages":"Article 100874"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144916466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preclinical outcomes of antioxidant therapy in traumatic brain injury-a systematic review","authors":"Regan Mujinya ,&nbsp;Ilemobayo Victor Fasogbon ,&nbsp;Daniel Owu ,&nbsp;Elna Owembabazi ,&nbsp;Victor Oka ,&nbsp;Olufunke Onaadepo ,&nbsp;Usman Michael Ibe ,&nbsp;Wusa Makena ,&nbsp;Augustine Oviosun ,&nbsp;Ekom Monday Etukudo ,&nbsp;Angela Mumbua Musyoka ,&nbsp;Daniel Ejim Uti ,&nbsp;Vivian Onyinye Ojiakor ,&nbsp;Esther Ugo Alum ,&nbsp;Robert Siida ,&nbsp;Swase Dominic Terkimbi ,&nbsp;Nancy Bonareri Mitaki ,&nbsp;Josiah Eseoghene Ifie ,&nbsp;Patrick Maduabuchi Aja","doi":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100875","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100875","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of cognitive and neurological disability worldwide. Secondary injury processes, including oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, significantly worsen outcomes. Although antioxidant therapies have shown promise in preclinical studies for mitigating oxidative damage, a comprehensive synthesis evaluating their efficacy, mechanisms, and translational potential is lacking. This systematic review addresses this gap by analyzing global preclinical evidence on antioxidant interventions in TBI.</div></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><div>A systematic literature search was performed in accordance with PRISMA 2020 guidelines across Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed using the terms <em>“traumatic brain injury”</em> AND <em>“antioxidant.”</em> Retrieved records were deduplicated and screened in two stages: title/abstract review followed by full-text assessment against predefined eligibility criteria. Sixty-one preclinical studies investigating antioxidant interventions in animal models of TBI, reporting outcomes related to oxidative/inflammatory biomarkers, histopathological changes, or functional recovery, were included.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Included studies originated mainly from China (31.1 %) and the United States (24.6 %). Rats (63.9 %) and mice (36.1 %) were the predominant animal models, mostly male (84.8 %). The Controlled Cortical Impact (CCI) model was the primary method for inducing TBI (59.7 %). Antioxidants such as resveratrol, astaxanthin, and N-acetylcysteine consistently reduced oxidative stress markers including malondialdehyde (MDA) and increased endogenous antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). Histological analyses revealed decreased neuronal degeneration and improved hippocampal integrity.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This review synthesizes preclinical evidence on antioxidants in TBI, highlighting mechanistic insights and therapeutic potential. The findings bridge gaps in translational understanding and underscore the need for standardized, sex-balanced, and clinically relevant studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34599,"journal":{"name":"Phytomedicine Plus","volume":"5 4","pages":"Article 100875"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144926213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Herbal tea prepared in-house shows potential immunomodulatory activity in cyclophosphamide-induced myelosuppression in rats","authors":"Sanjay M. Jachak,&nbsp;Alok Goyal,&nbsp;Shreyanshi Kulshreshtha,&nbsp;Yogita B. Tandalekar,&nbsp;Amit Shrivastava","doi":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100873","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100873","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div><em>Withania somnifera, Tinospora cordifolia</em> and <em>Glycyrrhiza glabra,</em> popular herbs in Ayurveda, have been reported to modulate and enhance immune functions. Similarly, <em>Ocimum sanctum, Ocimum gratissimum</em> and <em>Camelia sinensis</em> have also been used as immunomodulatory agents in Ayurvedic system of medicine. Considering the individual pharmacological properties of these six above-mentioned plants, we prepared herbal tea (HT) and evaluated its immunomodulatory effects.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed at establishing the immunomodulatory potential of in-house herbal tea, both <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo.</em></div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>Aqueous infusion of HT was prepared and its total phenolic and total flavonoid content was determined. Phytochemical analysis was performed using UPLC<img>HRMS. The aqueous extract was then evaluated for <em>in vitro</em> cytotoxicity and Nitric oxide release in RAW 264.7 cells. The immunomodulation potential of HT <em>in vivo</em> was studied in male/female SD rats and the model was developed by using cyclophosphamide (CTX).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Phytochemical analysis of HT showed the presence of gallic acid, glycyrrhizin, catechin, epigallocatechin gallate, vicenin and chlorogenic acid. HT1 (100 mg/kg) could significantly inhibit reduction in body weight and weight of thymus and spleen. Also, it improved the leucocyte count, both total and differential, phagocytic index, neutrophil adhesion and level of IL-1<em>β</em> (47.12 %) and IL-6 (44.77 %). Further, the HT prevented destruction of normal vascular organization and cellular composition of spleen and thymus tissues.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The findings of the study suggest that the immune booster herbal tea at the dose 100 mg/kg, ameliorates CTX-induced myelosuppression and immunosuppression in rats and possesses potent immunomodulatory activity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34599,"journal":{"name":"Phytomedicine Plus","volume":"5 4","pages":"Article 100873"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144911527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}