Phytomedicine Plus最新文献

{"title":"Isolation, purification, and characterization of a lectin from Cassia senna seeds with analgesic and gastroprotective effects","authors":"Maha B. Dafalla ,&nbsp;Sara A.A. Elmubarak ,&nbsp;Eva H. Naser ,&nbsp;Ahmed H. Idries ,&nbsp;Yusria E. Abdelrahim ,&nbsp;Entsar A. Abdalrhman ,&nbsp;Bashir M. Ahmed ,&nbsp;Makarim Elfadil M. Osman ,&nbsp;Amna K.E. Awadalla ,&nbsp;Reem M.A. Ebrahim ,&nbsp;Ashraf O. Abdellatif ,&nbsp;Ghada H. Haj Ali ,&nbsp;Atif A. Elagib ,&nbsp;Emadeldin H.E. Konozy","doi":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100768","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100768","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Cassia senna</em>, famous for its medicinal qualities, has been crucial in traditional medicine, providing remedies for many ailments. Its seeds, which are abundant in bioactive compounds such as lectins, have significant pharmaceutical potential. In this study, we investigated the biochemical intricacies and therapeutic potential of CsSL, a lectin found in <em>Cassia senna</em> seeds. Hemagglutination assays revealed robust CsSL activity, reaching its peak with 50 mM Tris–HCl buffer at pH 7.5. Ammonium sulfate fractionation was used to purify CsSL, with Fr40 showing the highest activity, confirming successful isolation. GlcNAc-agarose affinity chromatography further purified CsSL, showing its affinity for galactose residues. CsSL is stable, retains its full activity for 45 min at 30–40 °C, and exhibits pH dependence, with peak hemagglutinating activity occurring between pH 3.5 and 4.5 and sharply declining beyond pH 7. N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) modification showed that half of CsSL's tryptophan residues is crucial for its activity, as evidenced by decreased lectin activity. Therapeutically, CsSL demonstrated notable analgesic effects in acetic acid-induced writhing and thermal sensitivity tests. The 12 mg/kg dose particularly showed a remarkable antinociceptive effect (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05), completely reducing the writhing reflex by 100 % compared to that of the negative control Moreover, CsSL had potent gastroprotective effects, reducing ethanol-induced gastric lesions in a dose-dependent manner. Notably, doses of 0.25 mg/kg and 0.5 mg/kg provided substantial stomach lining protection (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05), outperforming the standard ulcer medication pantoprazole. CsSL exhibits promise for pain relief and ulcer prevention, with significant analgesic and gastroprotective effects. However, further research is needed to fully understand its underlying mechanisms and clinical applications, as this research has exciting potential in biomedicine and biotechnology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34599,"journal":{"name":"Phytomedicine Plus","volume":"5 2","pages":"Article 100768"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143578517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuropharmacological profile of Ḥabb-e-Ṣar‘: A Unani pharmacopeial formulation for epilepsy","authors":"Mohammad Fazil ,&nbsp;Sadia Nikhat","doi":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100769","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100769","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Epilepsy, known in Unani medicine as &lt;em&gt;Ṣar‘&lt;/em&gt;, is a neurological disorder caused by abnormal neuronal activity that manifests as recurrent, unprovoked seizures, often with frothing from the mouth. The conventional anti-epileptic drugs carry several adverse effects, and it is also documented that nearly 30 % of the patients fail to respond to therapy. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the use of plant-based anti-epileptic drugs due to their efficacy in controlling seizures, and other beneficial effects like neuroprotection, multi-dimensional actions, and long-term safety, which are not seen with conventional drugs. In this context, &lt;em&gt;Ḥabb-e-Ṣar‘&lt;/em&gt; is a Unani pharmacopeial formulation which contains &lt;em&gt;Aloe vera&lt;/em&gt; (L.) Burm.f. leaf pulp, &lt;em&gt;Boswellia serrata&lt;/em&gt; Roxb. oleo-gum resin, and Castoreum; and is prepared as small pills. It is widely used by Unani physicians in India for the management of epilepsy in both children and adults.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Purpose&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;This study is aimed to explore the neuropharmacological activity of the ingredients of &lt;em&gt;Ḥabb-e-Ṣar‘&lt;/em&gt;, a Unani anti-epileptic medicine, to understand its action-mechanism and efficacy in epilepsy management.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methodology&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The neuro-pharmacological activity of three ingredients of &lt;em&gt;Ḥabb-e-Ṣar‘&lt;/em&gt; was explored in research articles published between 1996 and 2024 on leading scientific websites, in which any of the three ingredients or their extracts were studied in single form.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Several bioactive constituents present in &lt;em&gt;Ḥabb-e-Ṣar‘&lt;/em&gt;have a dose-dependent anti-seizure activity, among other important actions which are imperative for epilepsy management. For instance, Aloin, Aloesone (from &lt;em&gt;A. vera&lt;/em&gt;), incensole acetate, and &lt;em&gt;β&lt;/em&gt;-boswellic acid (from &lt;em&gt;B. serrata&lt;/em&gt;) demonstrate a dose-dependent anti-seizure activity. Acetyl 11-keto-β-boswellic acid is attributed with a neuro-protective effect, improves cognition, relieves anxiety, and has also been demonstrated to cause neuronal repair after injury. Phenolic acids and anthraquinones present in &lt;em&gt;A. vera&lt;/em&gt; are known to protect against neuronal death. Salicin present in castoreum is the precursor of salicylic acid, which lowers calcium ion reflux and blocks seizures. Hence, the combined effects of these ingredients in &lt;em&gt;Ḥabb-e-Ṣar‘&lt;/em&gt; can effectively help in managing the symptoms and long-term complications of epilepsy.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;This review provides a detailed insight into the actions and neuropharmacological activity of the ingredients of &lt;em&gt;Ḥabb-e-Ṣar‘&lt;/em&gt;. It is evident that the ingredients of &lt;em&gt;Ḥabb-e-Ṣar‘&lt;/em&gt; not only have anti-seizure activity, but also improve memory, cognition, and neurological health, hence leading to a holistic healing effect. However, rigorous scientific studies are required to standardize the formulation an","PeriodicalId":34599,"journal":{"name":"Phytomedicine Plus","volume":"5 2","pages":"Article 100769"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143549343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytotherapeutic agents for insomnia: A scoping review on the mechanistic insights and evidence from animal models","authors":"Agnes Llamasares-Castillo ,&nbsp;Oliver Villaflores ,&nbsp;Yutaka Kuroki ,&nbsp;Aya Wada ,&nbsp;Xinyi Zhu ,&nbsp;Kyle Andrei Cabatit ,&nbsp;Jonah Joshua Garcia ,&nbsp;Janelan Martin ,&nbsp;Ross Vasquez","doi":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100770","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100770","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Sleep disorders particularly, insomnia, are a worldwide issue with serious implications for public health and individual well-being. While traditional and psychological therapies are already accessible, there is growing interest in exploring complementary plant-based treatments for insomnia due to their potential efficacy and fewer side effects. This narrative review investigates medicinal plants with sleep enhancing properties, focusing on species from various countries and those also found in the Philippines.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Journal articles that evaluated sleep duration, rapid eye movement, non-rapid eye movement sleep, sleep latency, number of sleep, sleep quality, wake times, and sedative-hypnotic effects of plants <em>in vivo</em> were retrieved from electronic databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Elsevier, SpringerLink, EBSCO, and ScienceDirect.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 39 plants with sleep-enhancing activities were reviewed and identified. Their bioactive components and pharmacological mechanisms were presented. Plants such as <em>Lactuca sativa, Nelumbo nucifera,</em> and <em>Ziziphus jujuba</em> demonstrated consistent efficacy in improving sleep quality through interactions with the GABAergic system, as confirmed by various studies</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Many therapeutic plants exhibit promising potential to manage insomnia and enhance sleep. However, most studies are still preliminary, with the molecular mechanisms behind their sleep-enhancing effects remaining inconclusive.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34599,"journal":{"name":"Phytomedicine Plus","volume":"5 2","pages":"Article 100770"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143528783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Purification and characterization of Phoenix dactylifera lectin: µ-Opioid receptor-mediated antinociceptive and gastroprotective activities","authors":"Sara A.A. Elmubarak ,&nbsp;Maha B. Dafalla ,&nbsp;Ahmed H. Idries ,&nbsp;Eva H. Naser ,&nbsp;Yusria E. Abdelrahim ,&nbsp;Entsar A. Abdalrhman ,&nbsp;Bashir M. Ahmed ,&nbsp;Makarim Elfadil M. Osman ,&nbsp;Amna K.E. Awadalla ,&nbsp;Reem M.A. Ebrahim ,&nbsp;Ashraf O. Abdellatif ,&nbsp;Haseeba A. Saad ,&nbsp;Emadeldin H.E. Konozy","doi":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100767","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100767","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Phoenix dactylifera</em> (date palm) holds significant medicinal value, particularly in traditional medicine. This study focuses on purifying and characterizing a lectin (PdSL) extracted from its seeds and assessing its physicochemical stability, glycoprotein nature, and therapeutic properties, including analgesic and gastroprotective activities. PdSL was extracted via phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and purified via ion exchange and affinity chromatography, resulting in a twofold increase in purity. Stability tests included varying temperatures (40–100 °C), pH levels (2–13), and exposure to denaturing agents. Biological assays were used to evaluate its analgesic effects in thermal (hot plate, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) and chemical (acetic acid writhing, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.01) pain models. Gastroprotective activity was assessed in an ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model in rats, with statistical significance at <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05. PdSL demonstrated exceptional stability, retaining activity across a broad range of temperatures (up to 100 °C) and pH values (5.5–9.5). The lectin maintained hemagglutination activity under challenging conditions and showed specificity for sheep erythrocytes and mannose-binding properties. It was identified as a glycoprotein with 37.64 % neutral sugars and exhibited a hydrophobic binding site for adenine. In analgesic assays, PdSL significantly increased the pain threshold in the hotplate test, particularly at 6 mg/kg after 60 mins (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.003), and in the writhing test, with a dose-dependent pain inhibition of 80–89 % (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.01). Gastroprotective activity revealed dose-dependent ulcer inhibition, with a maximum reduction of 89 % at 1 mg/kg (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.0001), along with normalization of the gastric pH. PdSL from <em>Phoenix dactylifera</em> seeds exhibits remarkable stability and therapeutic efficacy, including pain-relieving and antiulcer activities, with statistically significant results highlighting its potential as a candidate for drug development. These findings encourage further exploration of plant-derived lectins in biomedical research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34599,"journal":{"name":"Phytomedicine Plus","volume":"5 2","pages":"Article 100767"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143549891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of analgesic potential of Helicteres isora and molecular involvement of opioids and GABA receptors","authors":"Fakhria A. Al-Joufi ,&nbsp;Hayat Bilal ,&nbsp;Mubarak Ali Khan ,&nbsp;Syed Muhammad Tahir Shah ,&nbsp;Syed Muhammad Mukarram Shah ,&nbsp;Muhammad Zahoor ,&nbsp;Syed Wadood Ali Shah","doi":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100766","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100766","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Herbal medicines are used as a source of therapeutic agents as they are safer and less toxic than synthetic drugs. Several species of <em>Helicteres isora</em> (Sterculiaceae) have been documented in folk medicine to have analgesic properties. This study is aimed to explore possible analgesic potential of <em>Helicteres isora. linn</em> crude extracts (Hi-Crd) and its sub-fractions, ethyl acetate (Hi-Et) and chloroform (Hi-Chl) by using various models for pain such as acetic acid induced writhing model, formalin paw licking test and tail immersion test. A significant decrease was seen in the frequency of writhing in acetic acid-induced writhing model. The crude extracts and chloroform fractions were more effective when compared to standard. The negative control group displayed a writhing frequency of 76.56 ± 1.21, Hi-Crd at dose of 300 mg/kg and Hi-Chl at dose of 75 mg/kg produces writhing of 20.18 ± 2.03 (P &lt; 0.001) and 17.74 ± 2.39 (P &lt; 0.001) respectively. In formalin paw licking model Crude extract at a dose of 300 mg/kg b.w produced licking response of 20.09 ± 1.45 (P &lt; 0.001) in Phase-I with percentage activity of 49.85% and 17.22 ± 1.33 (P &lt; 0.001) in Phase-II with percentage activity of 72.15 %. Hi-Chl at a dose of 75 mg/kg b.w produced licking response of 19.55 ± 1.76 (P &lt; 0.001) in Phase-I with percentage activity of 51.19 % and 16.01 ± 2.21 (P &lt; 0.001) in Phase-II with percentage activity of 74.11 %. The central analgesic potential was determined by tail immersion test in which the Hi-Chl fraction was most potent and delivered percentage activity of 71.64 %. The standard tramadol delivered percentage activity of 82.29 % at a dose of 10 mg/kg. For the involvement of opioid receptors naloxone was co-administered with standard and test sample at a dose of 2 mg/kg, naloxone completely antagonized tramadol. The analgesic effects of Hi-Crd, Hi-Chl and Hi-Et were completely reversed by naloxone, this confirms involvement of opioids receptors in the analgesic effect of the extracts. For the involvement of GABAergic system bicuculline was injected prior to treatment with test samples. The writhing in the absence and in the presence of bicuculline were partially reversed and the involvement of GABAergic system in the analgesic effect of the crude extracts and fractions is testified.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34599,"journal":{"name":"Phytomedicine Plus","volume":"5 2","pages":"Article 100766"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143521198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of possible antimalarial constituent(s) from the leaves of Ochna kibbiensis: A phytochemical, in vivo and in silico approaches","authors":"A.J. Yusuf ,&nbsp;M.I. Abdullahi ,&nbsp;I. Nasir ,&nbsp;A. Yunusa ,&nbsp;A.M. Musa ,&nbsp;A.A. Muhammad ,&nbsp;A.E. Adegboyega","doi":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100764","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100764","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Malaria is a major public health problem especially in developing countries such as Nigeria and its treatment is being compromised by resistance of the parasite to most of the available drugs, including the current gold-standard artemisinins. <em>Ochna kibbiensis</em> Hutch. &amp; Dalziel, a synonym of <em>Ochna staudtii</em> Gilg has been employed in ethnomedicine for the treatment of malaria, dysentery, among others.</div></div><div><h3>Purpose of the study</h3><div>This study was aimed at identifying possible antimalarial constituents from <em>O. kibbiensis</em> leaves using phytochemical and <em>in silico</em> approach.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The antimalarial effect of the methanol leaf extract and its fractions (hexane, dichloromethane, ethylacetate, and butanol) was investigated according to the methods described by Ryley and Peters suppressive, and curative test using Chloroquine-sensitive <em>Plasmodium berghei</em> (NK65). <em>In silico</em> studies was conducted using on Schrödinger Suite 2021–2 utilizing the Glide-Ligand Docking panel of Maestro 12.8, SwissADME and ProTox-II online serves.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The extract and fractions exhibited significant (<em>p</em> <em>&lt;</em> <em>0.05</em>) suppression of parasitaemia at 500, 250 and 125 mg/kg, respectively; butanol fraction was the most active with 94.0, 98.0 and 84.0 % chemo-suppression while the methanol extract was the least active with 32.5, 40.0 and 62.0 % chemo-suppression and the standard drug, chloroquine (CQ, 5 mg/kg) had 94.0 %. Also, the butanol fraction showed significant (<em>p</em> <em>&lt;</em> <em>0.05</em>) and dose-dependent effect in the curative test with 58.14, 74.40 and 94.20 % cure and CQ had 69.80 % at the tested doses while n-hexane fraction was the least active with 41.9, 14.0 and 2.3 % cure. Encouraged by these results, the butanol fraction was subjected to purification using chromatographic techniques which afforded <em>4</em>′-O-(2E-decenyl) rutin or <em>4</em>′-O-(2E-decenyl) quercetin-3-rutinoside as the major bioactive constituent. The identity of the compound was determined on the basis of chemical tests, and NMR analysis. The compound exhibited good binding affinity (-6.822 kcal/mol) and stability against <em>pf</em>LDH with appropriate and acceptable drug-like abilities and safety profile.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>In conclusion, the leaf of <em>O. kibbiensis</em> have demonstrated significant antimalarial effect with a flavonol diglycoside as the major bioactive compound. To the best of our knowledge, this compound is isolated for the first time from the plant.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34599,"journal":{"name":"Phytomedicine Plus","volume":"5 2","pages":"Article 100764"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143421765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aegeline: A biologically important alkaloid from nature","authors":"Nitin A. Lunagariya ,&nbsp;Purvi Shah","doi":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100765","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100765","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aegeline, a naturally occurring alkaloid isolated from Aegle marmelos, has garnered significant attention for its diverse pharmacological properties. This review provides insights into the isolation, total synthesis, and biological activities of aegeline. Its potential as a therapeutic agent for various metabolic disorders, is highlighted with its mechanism of action. Aegeline is naturally available in racemic form. Mostly studies have been done on the isolated aegeline from the plant. Synthetic derivatives or analogues, which have been studied for biological activity, are also not specified for their chirality. Further studies can be done to explore therapeutic potential of its individual enantiomers along with the safety profile.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34599,"journal":{"name":"Phytomedicine Plus","volume":"5 2","pages":"Article 100765"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143465384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drying as a preservation strategy for medicinal plants: Physicochemical and functional outcomes for food and human health","authors":"Sarthak Nakra,&nbsp;Soubhagya Tripathy,&nbsp;Prem Prakash Srivastav","doi":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100762","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100762","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Drying is one of the most commonly employed preservation techniques for medicinal plants, significantly influencing their physicochemical and functional properties. This review investigates the impact of various drying methods on the chemical composition, bioactive compounds, antioxidant activity, and overall quality of medicinal plants. These changes can diminish the therapeutic potential of the plants, thereby limiting their effectiveness in food applications and human health remedies. However, certain drying techniques are shown to better preserve these functional properties. The review discusses the integration of dried medicinal plants into functional foods, nutraceuticals, and supplements, showcasing their potential in promoting health and preventing diseases. The industrial significance of these approaches is in their capacity to prolong the period that a product can be stored, guarantee the safety of food, and satisfy consumers' desires for items derived from nature. Nevertheless, there are still obstacles to achieving a harmonious equilibrium between cost-efficiency, scalability, and environmental sustainability. By understanding the effects of different drying methods, this review aims to guide future research and industrial applications for maximizing the health benefits of medicinal plants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34599,"journal":{"name":"Phytomedicine Plus","volume":"5 2","pages":"Article 100762"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143421704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect OF M. koenigii on the expression of cell wall formation related genes (mecA and fmhb)","authors":"Ibrahim Abuga ,&nbsp;Mohammad Syaiful Bahari Abdull Rasad ,&nbsp;Sulaimon Olayiwola Folami","doi":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100757","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100757","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Generally, quantitative polymerase-chain-reaction technique (qPCR) has been recognized as the gold standard for gene expression analysis. It supersedes the original conventional PCR, due to its ability of measuring the amplification of cDNA in real time as the reaction progresses.</div></div><div><h3>Aims</h3><div>The aim of this study was to determine the effects of the ethyl acetate leaf extract of <em>Murraya koenigii</em> (<em>M. koenigii</em>) on the expression of cell wall formation related genes (<em>mecA</em> and <em>fmhb</em>).</div></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><div>Ribonucleic acid (RNA) of the bacterial cells (<em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> ATCC 700,699) was extracted using Trizol reagent. The concentrations and purities of all RNA analysis were obtained from NanoDrop Spectrophotometer. cDNA Synthesis Kit was used for cDNA synthesis. The integrity of the cDNA was identified using ethidium bromide, through 1.5% agarose gel electrophoresis in 1 x TBE buffer. Finally, quantitative real-time PCR technique was employed to establish and validate the antibacterial activity of the plant extract on gene expression of the selected genes at the cellular level and the quantification of the gene's expression was determined using delta-delta Ct method.</div></div><div><h3>Result</h3><div>The result revealed that the exposure of the bacterial cells to the plant extract instigated upregulation of the selected genes. This indicates resistance of the bacteria to the treated extract against the selected cell wall formation genes</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These findings suggest that the ethyl acetate leaf extract of <em>M. koenigii</em> lacks potential antibacterial activity on the expression of cell wall formation related genes (<em>mecA</em> and <em>fmhb</em>) of <em>S. aureus</em> bacteria.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34599,"journal":{"name":"Phytomedicine Plus","volume":"5 2","pages":"Article 100757"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143421705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioactive phytochemical compounds characterization, anti-oxidant and anti-microbial activity of the methanol and acetonitrile leaf extracts of Pithecellobium dulce","authors":"M. Kiranmayee,&nbsp;K. Riazunnisa","doi":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100760","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100760","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Numerous natural substances with various pharmacological properties can be discovered in medicinal plants. <em>Pithecellobium dulce</em> (Roxb.) Benth is a traditional medicinal plant, belonging to the family Leguminosae. The various parts of the <em>P. dulce</em> plant are traditionally used to treat a wide range of health disorders in numerous countries.</div></div><div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>The aim of this investigation is to demonstrate the phytochemical profiling of methanol and acetonitrile leaf extracts of <em>P. dulce</em> and evaluate their antioxidant activity and antibacterial potential against pathogenic bacteria.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>The methanol and acetonitrile extracts of <em>P. dulce</em> leaf were extracted and characterized by using GCMS– and FTIR. Further evaluation was done for an understanding of the biomedical uses of <em>P. dulce</em>. The antibacterial activity of the extracts was monitored against <em>Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis</em>, and <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>. The antioxidant activity of extracts was conducted by using DPPH and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity, and total antioxidant activity was performed by phosphomolybdenum assay.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of twenty-three compounds were tentatively identified through GC–MS; five of these were associated with the methanolic extracts, while eighteen were with the acetonitrile extract. The tentatively identified compounds present in acetonitrile leaf extract were 2-nonynoic acid; pentane, 2,4-dimethyl-; lupeo; phytol; propiolic acid; bicyclo(2.2.1), and heptane-5-(ethyl-1-amine). Propanamide; N-methyl-2-amino-; ethane, 1‑chloro-1-fluoro; nitrous oxide; oxirane, (ethoxymethyl)- and 2,5-cyclooctadien-1-ol were the compounds found in methanol extract. FTIR analysis identified various functional groups in the leaf extracts, indicating the presence of alcohols, phenols, unsaturated and saturated hydrocarbons, amines, flavonoids, and halogenated compounds. Acetonitrile and methanolic <em>P. dulce</em> leaf extracts exhibited significant antioxidant and antibacterial properties. Methanolic and acetonitrile leaf extracts exhibited the highest zone of inhibition against <em>E. coli</em> (21 ± 1.1 mm) and <em>B. subtilis</em> (20.6 ± 0.5 mm).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study highlighted the presence of different phytochemicals that showed anti-bacterial and antioxidant activities. Therefore, <em>P. dulce</em> leaf extracts may play a significant role in inhibiting human infections.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34599,"journal":{"name":"Phytomedicine Plus","volume":"5 2","pages":"Article 100760"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143378817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}