Phytomedicine Plus最新文献

{"title":"Natural compounds targeting inflammation and oxidative stress in intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury: a comprehensive review","authors":"Balaji Venkataraman , Aya A. Touny , Shamanth Neralagundi Harihar gowdru , Bhoomendra A. Bhongade , Rajesh B. Patil , Shreesh Ojha , Mauro Pessia , Sandeep B. Subramanya","doi":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100855","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100855","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a severe condition characterized by significant morbidity and mortality, caused by the temporary disruption of blood supply to the intestines followed by reperfusion. This pathological process induces oxidative stress, inflammation, and cellular damage, which collectively impair intestinal function. Recent studies have explored natural therapeutic approaches, including the use of plants, herbal formulations, and phytochemicals, to mitigate the detrimental effects of intestinal I/R injury. Numerous plant-derived compounds, such as flavonoids, alkaloids, and terpenoids, exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytoprotective properties, offering potential to modulate the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms.</div></div><div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>This review aims to consolidate current knowledge regarding the therapeutic potential of plants and their bioactive constituents in managing intestinal I/R injury. It also seeks to identify promising phytochemicals and plant-derived formulations that can alleviate oxidative damage, support gut barrier integrity, and promote tissue repair. The objective is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the mechanistic pathways targeted by these natural compounds and to highlight areas requiring further research for optimizing clinical applications.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>The review systematically compiled data from clinical trials, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and recent peer-reviewed studies published over the past decade. The search was conducted using four major databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, with key terms including \"phytochemicals,\" \"intestinal I/R injury,\" \"herbal formulations,\" and \"bioactive compounds.\" Studies were selected based on their focus on the therapeutic effects of phytochemicals on intestinal I/R injury, particularly those addressing oxidative stress, inflammation, and intestinal barrier disruption. The data were categorized according to phytochemical classes, mechanisms of action, and therapeutic outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Phytochemicals such as flavonoids, polyphenols, and alkaloids exhibit potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. These compounds reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, inhibit NF-κB activation, and regulate cytokine release, thereby mitigating inflammatory responses. Herbal decoctions, particularly those rich in bioactive compounds and polysaccharides, have demonstrated efficacy in maintaining intestinal integrity, protecting tight junction proteins, minimizing bacterial translocation, and preventing endotoxemia. Additionally, these natural formulations have shown potential in minimizing tissue damage, promoting gut repair, and reducing the risk of systemic complications, including sepsis and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Phytochemicals, herbal extracts and her","PeriodicalId":34599,"journal":{"name":"Phytomedicine Plus","volume":"5 3","pages":"Article 100855"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144827582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Australian Tea Tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) oil: an updated review of antimicrobial and other medicinal properties","authors":"Andrea Bugarcic ,&nbsp;Esther Joy Bowles ,&nbsp;Kate Summer ,&nbsp;Tamara Agnew ,&nbsp;Bronwyn Barkla ,&nbsp;Romy Lauche","doi":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100846","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100846","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and Purpose</h3><div>The last comprehensive review of the effects of tea tree oil (steam distilled essential oil of <em>Melaleuca alternifolia</em>; henceforth TTO) was conducted in 2006 by Carson and colleagues (Carson et al., 2006). Here, we provide an updated review focused on the antimicrobial (including antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal and anti-parasitic) and anti-inflammatory effects of TTO, as well as a discussion on novel TTO formulations for these specific actions.</div></div><div><h3>Study Design and Methods</h3><div>A systematic review of studies was conducted using PubMed and Scopus electronic databases with a defined search strategy and inclusion/exclusion criteria ensuring the selection of studies that investigated antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory actions of TTO in the context of pre-clinical research only.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There has been a marked increase in the number of pre-clinical studies exploring the antimicrobial (<em>n</em> = 78) and anti-inflammatory (<em>n</em> = 14) actions of TTO since the Carson et al. (2006) review. These studies have extended our understanding of TTO as an antimicrobial agent, with an emphasis on biofilm-forming, clinical, and drug-resistant strains, investigation of the susceptibility of fungi (specifically <em>Candida</em> spp.), and investigation into different pathogenic classes to identify antiviral and anti-protozoan actions. Studies investigating the anti-inflammatory activity of TTO improved our understanding of TTO mechanisms of action and novel directions in formulation and delivery of TTO as a preventative and therapeutic agent showing promise in vitro and in vivo.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Since the last review almost two decades ago, a significant body of pre-clinical research has been published concerning the antimicrobial and other therapeutic properties of TTO. These studies have expanded our understanding of the value of TTO in treating infections caused by different microorganisms, including more clinically relevant, health-related pathogenic states of bacteria and fungi (e.g. biofilms, clinical samples, and drug-resistant strains) as well as viruses and protozoa. Research into novel TTO delivery methods and isolated pathogenic drug targets is increasing and will be an ongoing requirement for further clinical research and applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34599,"journal":{"name":"Phytomedicine Plus","volume":"5 3","pages":"Article 100846"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144757067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential of diterpenoid andrographolide in COVID-19 therapy: an insight on its antiviral-, immunomodulatory-, anti-inflammatory-, antioxidant- and antithrombotic- properties","authors":"Biswanath Dinda ,&nbsp;Manikarna Dinda ,&nbsp;Subhajit Dinda ,&nbsp;Bishu Karmakar","doi":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100850","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100850","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Highly effective clinical drugs need to be developed to treat the infection of SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 pandemic. Andrographolide (Andro), a bioactive labdane diterpenoid isolated from <em>Andrographis paniculata</em> Nees, has various pharmacological activities including antiviral and anti-inflammatory activities.</div></div><div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>The study aimed to search extensively the efficacy of Andro against COVID-19 infection and its associated complications and any adverse events.</div></div><div><h3>Study design &amp; methods</h3><div>We collected the relevant information presented in this review from scientific literature databases, including Google Scholar, Science-Direct, PubMed and Scifinder using keywords, coronavirus, COVID-19, andrographolide, <em>Andrographis paniculata</em>, pharmacological activity, toxicity and safety. More than 400 units of literature were screened and those relevant to this review were considered.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The results showed that Andro effectively inhibits the replication of multiple strains of SARS-CoV-2 in different cell lines including human lung epithelial Calu-3 cells superior to remdesivir (IC₅₀, 0.034 vs. 0.086 µM) and targets the activity of host ACE2 and viral 3CL-proteases. Moreover, Andro prevents sepsis-related complications in influenza virus-infected or LPS-treated mice, by suppression of inflammation, accumulation of macrophages and neutrophils and oxidative stress in lung tissues through deactivation of NF-κB (via covalent modification of Cys62 of p50) and JAK/STAT and activation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathways. Andro also effectively inhibits PAF-induced platelet aggregation in human blood without inducing toxicity in PBMC up to 50 µM. In clinical trials in mild COVID-19 patients, Andro and its sulphonates in “Xiyanping” injection (XYP) are safe and effective in suppression of pneumonia.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The current findings suggest that Andro/XYP could be a promising therapeutic option for COVID-19.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34599,"journal":{"name":"Phytomedicine Plus","volume":"5 3","pages":"Article 100850"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144771990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive insights into the therapeutic effects of baicalein and baicalin against SARS-COV-2 infection","authors":"Cheng-Han Lin ,&nbsp;Meng-Wei Lin ,&nbsp;Hua-Hsin Chiang ,&nbsp;Ting-Hsuan Wu ,&nbsp;Chin-Hung Tsai ,&nbsp;Chih-Sheng Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100851","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100851","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants has reduced the effectiveness of existing vaccines. Current treatments, including corticosteroids, antiviral agents, and monoclonal antibody-based immunomodulators, often have limitations, including adverse side effects, limited efficacy, and high costs, especially for patients with comorbidities. These challenges have spurred interest in phytochemicals, known for their anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antioxidant properties.</div></div><div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 efficacy and anti-inflammatory activity of baicalein and its 7-O-glucuronide derivative, baicalin, are the main components derived from <em>Scutellaria baicalensis</em>. We focus on their mechanisms of action against SARS-CoV-2 and their potential role in mitigating COVID-19-related inflammation.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><div>A comprehensive literature search was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. Studies investigating the effects of baicalein and baicalin on viral infections, inflammatory pathways, and COVID-19-specific targets, including spike protein, 3C-like protease (3CLpro) and PLpro, were included.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Baicalein and baicalin exhibit anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity by inhibiting viral entry through blockade of the interaction between the spike protein and angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2) receptor. They also suppress viral replication by targeting 3CLpro, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), and helicase. Moreover, baicalein and baicalin mitigate COVID-19-associated inflammation by regulating nod-like receptor pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and toll-like receptor pathways. They inhibit nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, thereby reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, IL-1β, IFN-γ, and TNF-α.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Baicalein and Baicalin hold therapeutic potential for managing viral infections and inflammation. Further preclinical and clinical research is essential to validate these findings and advance baicalein and baicalin as viable therapeutic candidates for COVID-19.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34599,"journal":{"name":"Phytomedicine Plus","volume":"5 3","pages":"Article 100851"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144738315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive overview of phytochemical composition and therapeutic applications of Sida cordifolia L․","authors":"Faizul Hasan ,&nbsp;Praveen Kumar Gaur ,&nbsp;Kothinti Thippamma ,&nbsp;Nekhat Shahreen ,&nbsp;Marjan Talebi","doi":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100856","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100856","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div><em>Sida cordifolia</em> L., commonly known as \"Bala\" or \"Country Mallow,\" is a well-known herb in Ayurvedic and other traditional medicine systems, widely distributed in tropical regions such as India, Brazil, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka. Traditionally, indigenous communities have used various parts of the plant to manage health conditions like asthma, bronchial disorders, skin diseases, urinary tract infections, dysentery, fever, and as a general tonic. Its use is also documented in Siddha, Unani, and folk medicine for treating inflammation, pain, and as a stimulant.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This review synthesizes data from ethnobotanical surveys, phytochemical analyses, and pharmacological studies to provide a comprehensive overview of <em>Sida cordifolia</em>. Literature was sourced from Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases to examine the plant’s distribution, morphological features, economic aspects, phytochemistry, traditional uses, common extraction techniques, pharmacological activities, and clinical studies.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Phytochemical studies have identified key bioactive compounds in <em>Sida cordifolia</em>, including alkaloids like ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, vasicinone, and vasicinol, along with flavonoids, phytosterols (β-sitosterol, stigmasterol), and fatty acids (sterculic, malvalic, coronaric acids) distributed throughout the roots, seeds, and aerial parts. Modern pharmacological research supports its traditional uses, demonstrating anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, anticancer, and antioxidant activities. However, due to the presence of ephedrine, the plant may cause stimulant-related side effects, resulting in regulatory restrictions in some countries.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div><em>Sida cordifolia</em> L. is a versatile medicinal plant with a longstanding history in traditional medicine for treating a wide range of ailments, particularly respiratory and inflammatory disorders. Its rich phytochemical profile underpins diverse pharmacological activities, supporting both traditional uses and modern therapeutic research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34599,"journal":{"name":"Phytomedicine Plus","volume":"5 3","pages":"Article 100856"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144771991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isorhapontigenin, a potential anti-AD natural product targeting multiple pathways, discovered via network proximity and gene enrichment analyses","authors":"Pengfei Guo ,&nbsp;Jun Zhao ,&nbsp;Baoyue Zhang ,&nbsp;Chao Wang ,&nbsp;Yiming Bai ,&nbsp;Ailin Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100853","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100853","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disorder of the brain characterized by an uncertain etiology and complex pathogenesis. Effective therapeutics remain urgently needed. Natural products (NPs) show significant potential in preventing/treating neurodegenerative diseases.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this study, the network proximity method (NPM) identified the NP Lg0005 (<em>p</em> = 0.05, <em>z</em> = -3.11) with potential anti-AD activity. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses elucidated its anti-AD mechanism of action (MOA). Neuroprotective effects were validated using D-galactose (D-gal)-induced AD rat models and SH-SY5Y cells.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>KEGG analysis revealed Lg0005 primarily acts via AD, oxidative phosphorylation, apoptosis, and TNF signaling pathways, etc. GO analysis indicated it targets mitochondrial electron transport, mitochondrial components, and oxidoreductase activities, etc. Molecular docking and <em>in vitro</em>/<em>in vivo</em> experiments confirmed Lg0005 inhibited microglia/astrocyte activation, reducing TNF-α and IL-1β release. In addition, it alleviated oxidative damage by decreasing MDA and increasing catalase, ameliorated mitochondrial ultrastructural damage, and increased both Nissl body count and synaptic density in the hippocampal DG region, with efficacy comparable to β-nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) and donepezil. In summary, Lg0005 significantly improved cognitive function in AD models by reducing oxidative stress, suppressing neuroinflammation, and protecting mitochondrial and neuronal integrity.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Integrating NPM, network pharmacology, and experimental validation, this study identified Lg0005 as a novel anti-AD candidate, offering a new strategy for neurodegenerative disease therapeutics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34599,"journal":{"name":"Phytomedicine Plus","volume":"5 3","pages":"Article 100853"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144738314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sini decoction (SND) mitigates depressive-like behaviors through dual modulation of serotonergic biosynthesis and promotes intestinal stem cell regeneration","authors":"Haoyang Nian ,&nbsp;Yaqi Li ,&nbsp;Zhihao Chen ,&nbsp;Li Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100860","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100860","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Depression is a common chronic mood disorder, and recent research has shown growing interest in herbal medicine for its treatment. Sini decoction (SND) has been used in treatment practice for hundreds of years. Though SND demonstrates therapeutic potential for depression, its molecular pathways and dual effects on neural signaling (e.g., 5-HT neurotransmission) and gut microbiota homeostasis remain unexplored.</div></div><div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>This study examines the unresolved mechanisms of SND's antidepressant effects, focusing specifically on its interactions with intestinal stem cell dynamics and the gut-brain axis.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Depression was modeled using chronic mild stress. After SND treatment, behavioral changes were assessed using the tail suspension test, forced swimming test, sucrose preference test, and open field test. 5-HT levels in different brain regions were detected, and gut microbiota alterations were measured by 16S rRNA sequencing. The effect of SND on intestinal stem cells was then studied.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>SND alleviated depression-induced body weight loss and behavioral impairments while enhancing serotonin metabolism. Gut microbiota analysis revealed SND significantly increased the abundance of <em>Adlercreutzia, Allobaculum, Blautia</em>, and <em>Parabacteroides</em>, which are microbial genera with the potential to assist the body in coping with depressive stress. These microbial changes showed strong correlations with serotonin levels and behavioral parameters. Furthermore, SND stimulated intestinal stem cell proliferation and differentiation, exerting long-term effects on epithelial regeneration.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our findings indicate that SND exerts antidepressant effects potentially through modulating the gut-brain-microbiota axis, highlighting its dual role in microbial regulation and intestinal homeostasis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34599,"journal":{"name":"Phytomedicine Plus","volume":"5 3","pages":"Article 100860"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144780920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Indigenous Community-Guided Chemical Genomic Insight into Synergy of Rapamycin with Nerolidol derived from a Leaf Extract of Kunzea robusta (Kānuka) in Tairāwhiti, Aotearoa New Zealand” [Phytomedicine Plus, 5, (2025), 100771]","authors":"Storm Blockley-Powell ,&nbsp;Sarah Andreassend ,&nbsp;Bella Paenga ,&nbsp;Damian Skinner ,&nbsp;Nikki Harcourt ,&nbsp;Manu Caddie ,&nbsp;Teresa Moreno ,&nbsp;Stephen Tallon ,&nbsp;Robert A. Keyzers ,&nbsp;Andrew B. Munkacsi","doi":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100822","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100822","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34599,"journal":{"name":"Phytomedicine Plus","volume":"5 3","pages":"Article 100822"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144864597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative efficacy of Sat-i Gilo and metformin hydrochloride in the management of Type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled trial","authors":"Khan Ameer Kauser Khan ,&nbsp;Mohd Khalid ,&nbsp;Sumayya Tasneem Parapur ,&nbsp;Meenu Doni ,&nbsp;Nazim Husain","doi":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100847","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100847","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a global health concern with rising prevalence and significant morbidity and mortality due to associated microvascular and macrovascular complications. Unani medicine offers a rich repository of natural remedies for metabolic disorders, with <em>Sat-i-Gilo</em> (a traditional aqueous extract of <em>Tinospora cordifolia</em>) being a prominent example known for its antihyperglycemic, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of <em>Sat-i Gilo</em> with metformin hydrochloride in managing T2DM.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this open-label randomized controlled trial, 40 participants with T2DM successfully completed the study duration. The intervention group received <em>Sat-i Gilo</em> 1g twice daily for 3 months, and the control group received metformin hydrochloride 500 mg twice daily for the same duration. Primary outcome measures included changes in hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) and estimated average glucose (eAG) levels, measured before and after treatment. Secondary outcomes comprised changes in fasting blood sugar (FBS) and postprandial blood sugar (PPBS), assessed at baseline and at every second follow-up visit. Additionally, diabetes-specific quality of life was evaluated using the diabetes quality of life (DQoL) questionnaire at baseline and post-treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The trial results showed a mean difference of −0.22 (95 %CI: −0.52, 0.08, <em>p</em> = 0.154, <em>d</em> = 0.45) in HbA1c levels and −6.23 (95 %CI: −14.81, 2.35, <em>p</em> = 0.150, <em>d</em> = 0.47) in eAG levels between the intervention and control groups at the end of the study.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The findings of this study suggest that <em>Sat-i Gilo</em> may provide beneficial effects in the management of T2DM. While no statistically significant difference was observed between <em>Sat-i Gilo</em> and metformin in terms of glycemic outcomes, these results support the possibility of comparable efficacy under the conditions of this study. Further large-scale, rigorously designed clinical trials are recommended to validate these findings and to explore the long-term effectiveness and safety of <em>Sat-i Gilo</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34599,"journal":{"name":"Phytomedicine Plus","volume":"5 3","pages":"Article 100847"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144738346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the antidiabetic potential of Bridelia tomentosa blume against streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic Sprague-Dawley rats","authors":"Kakoli Rani Mondal ,&nbsp;Moumita Saha ,&nbsp;Maheswar Kumar Mondal ,&nbsp;Chandan Sarkar ,&nbsp;Milon Mondal ,&nbsp;Mohammad S. Mubarak","doi":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100862","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100862","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Diabetes is a long-term metabolic disease marked by consistently elevated blood glucose levels resulting from inadequate insulin production, impaired insulin action, or a combination of both. Despite the availability of antidiabetic drugs, their undesirable effects and restricted availability emphasize the necessity for alternative therapies. <em>Bridelia tomentosa</em>, a medicinal plant with reported antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties, remains unexplored for its potential as an antidiabetic agent. This study investigates the impact of <em>B. tomentosa</em> (BTF) methanolic fruit extract on Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced hyperglycemia in rats. Experimental hyperglycemia was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by administering a 60 mg/kg intraperitoneal dose of STZ. The rats were divided into five groups: healthy controls, untreated diabetics, glibenclamide-treated (10 mg/kg), and BTF-treated groups receiving 250 or 500 mg/kg. The effects of BTF extract on fasting blood glucose, lipid profiles, renal and liver function, oxidative stress markers, and pancreatic tissue morphology were evaluated. Additionally, the activities of antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation levels were also measured. Results indicated that BTF extracts reduce fasting blood glucose, adjust glucose tolerance, and restore body weight in STZ-treated animals. These extracts have also adjusted lipid levels, reduced indicators of hepatic and renal dysfunction, and enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities, while decreasing malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Histological analysis showed protective effects on pancreatic β-cells. In conclusion, <em>B. tomentosa</em> fruit extract demonstrated significant antihyperglycemic, antioxidant, and organ-protective effects, suggesting its potential as a natural alternative for diabetes treatment. However, further research is necessary to investigate its molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34599,"journal":{"name":"Phytomedicine Plus","volume":"5 3","pages":"Article 100862"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144828237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}