Role of dietary phytopharmaceuticals across the globe to alleviate the Alzheimer’s disease: mechanism-based approach

Abstract

Alzheimer disease is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, affects a significant portion of the elderly population, with current treatments primarily focusing on symptom relief rather than disease progression. This review paper explores the role of dietary phytopharmaceuticals in alleviating Alzheimer's Disease (AD) through a mechanism-based approach. The paper emphasizes the importance of diet in influencing brain health and the potential of phytochemicals, the bioactive compounds derived from plants to provide neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant benefits. Key phytochemicals such as curcumin, resveratrol, and apigenin are highlighted for their roles in reducing amyloid plaque formation, enhancing neuronal survival, and modulating inflammatory responses. The paper also discusses the complex interplay between diet, gut microbiota, and neurodegenerative processes, suggesting that a balanced diet rich in antioxidants and healthy fats may mitigate AD risk. Furthermore, it addresses the challenges of bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of phytopharmaceuticals, proposing that future researchers work to enhance therapeutic efficacy. The review concludes that integrating dietary phytopharmaceuticals with conventional treatments could offer a comprehensive strategy for AD management, paving the way for future research to elucidate molecular mechanisms and develop targeted interventions.