Partial Differential Equations in Applied Mathematics最新文献

{"title":"Behaviour of effective heat transfer rate in radiating micropolar nanofluid over an expanding sheet with slip effects","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.padiff.2024.100851","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.padiff.2024.100851","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The enhancement in the heat transfer rate is one of the vital aspects nowadays for the main objective of various industries to get better quality as well as the longevity of the product. Not only in industries but also in various areas such as in drug delivery, peristaltic pumping process, etc. it is found that this will be benefited by the utility of the various nanofluids that gives rise to enhanced thermal conductivity. Therefore, the present investigation leads to analyse the performance of effective heat transfer rate considering the flow of radiating micropolar nanofluid through a permeable expanding sheet embedding within a permeable medium. Precisely, the consideration of slip boundary conditions of both velocity and thermal profile enhances the flow phenomena. The main focus of the study is the consideration of Gherasim model viscosity and Hamilton-Crosser model which energies the thermal properties. Shooting based “<em>Runge-Kutta fourth-order</em>” technique is useful for the solution of governing equation followed by the transformation of these equations into dimensional form to the non-dimensional for with the help of suitable similarity rules. Further, a robust statistical approach i.e. “<em>response surface methodology</em>” is adopted to get optimized heat transfer rate for various factors in two different conditions such as injection and suction. However, the validation is presented through hypothetical test comparing the variances. Moreover, the important outcomes are: Nanoparticle concentration encourages the flow properties along with the heat transport phenomena. The thermal energy due to the enhanced thermal radiation accelerates the heat transmission rate for both the case of suction/injection.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34531,"journal":{"name":"Partial Differential Equations in Applied Mathematics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666818124002377/pdfft?md5=1dee1ebdb4722e32a9f523df46d1d125&pid=1-s2.0-S2666818124002377-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141963149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the study of an extended coupled KdV system: Analytical solutions and conservation laws","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.padiff.2024.100849","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.padiff.2024.100849","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper aims to derive analytical solutions of an extended (2+1)-dimensional constant coefficients new coupled Korteweg–de Vries system. This will be achieved by implementing the classical symmetry method in conjunction with some simplest equation methods. The simplest equations that will be utilised includes among others the Bernoulli and Riccati equations. Furthermore, the conservation laws will be constructed through the multipliers approach, which subsequently reveals the conserved quantities. Moreover, a brief presentation of results obtained consisting of a variety of profile structures which include the kink type, bell and inverted bell shaped and singular wave solutions will be discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34531,"journal":{"name":"Partial Differential Equations in Applied Mathematics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666818124002353/pdfft?md5=db35d78164cbaee4642b5f1fcf0394fe&pid=1-s2.0-S2666818124002353-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141962071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On computation of solution for (2+1) dimensional fractional order general wave equation","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.padiff.2024.100847","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.padiff.2024.100847","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this research article, we handle a class of <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span> dimensional wave equations under fractional-order derivatives using an iterative integral transform due to Laplace. The concerned derivative is taken in the Caputo’s sense. The proposed method is a purely algebraic manipulation approach to compute solutions without a priori knowledge of geometry and physical meaning related to the proposed problem. In fact, in this procedure, we combine two novel techniques, Laplace transforms (LT) and iterative procedures to form a hybrid technique for computation of the solution to the proposed problem. The method is rapidly convergent. Here, we give various examples for the validation of our proposed method. The superiority of the method over the existing numerical method is that it does not require any prior discretization or collocation of functions. Also, the method is independent of axillary parameters as needed in the homotopy methods, because such auxiliary parameters control the efficiency of the mentioned methods. The proposed procedure is simple and straightforward. In addition, some comparison between exact and approximate solutions is also given. The proposed method is compared with the homotopy perturbation method (HPM) which shows that the proposed technique is more efficient and easy to implement.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34531,"journal":{"name":"Partial Differential Equations in Applied Mathematics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266681812400233X/pdfft?md5=83c06c1023dfc2efe4bdeb8b259b811e&pid=1-s2.0-S266681812400233X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141962068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiating and Joule heating on heat and mass transfer of magnetized tiny particles in tangent hyperbolic nonlinear porosity flow with Riga plate and Arrhenius reaction","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.padiff.2024.100840","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.padiff.2024.100840","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The heat and mass transfer mechanism of motile tiny particles in nonlinear porosity media is significant in geosciences, bioremediation, soil mechanism, acoustics, and others to create an advection flow variable velocity field. Thus, the need to improve industrial species mixtures, thermal stability, conductivity strength for an enhanced productivity cannot be overstressed. As such, this study investigates thermal radiating and Joule heating on heat and mass transfer of magnetized tiny particles in tangent hyperbolic nonlinear porosity flow with the Riga plate and Arrhenius reaction. The developed model is appropriately transformed into an invariant derivative model, which is then solved by a Chebyshev wavelets technique. The presented graphical and tabular outcomes are verified and justified by comparing them with previous studies and are found to be accurate. As noticed from the analysis, the modified magnetization of magnet and magnetic field at low and high medium porosity, the velocity field decreased. The embedded energy equation terms inspired heat transfer while tiny particles Brownian motion damped the mass transfer at low and high viscous heating.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34531,"journal":{"name":"Partial Differential Equations in Applied Mathematics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666818124002262/pdfft?md5=839ca55bb3778088b1c83cf71ce0f7f0&pid=1-s2.0-S2666818124002262-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141961987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cost-effectiveness analysis of COVID-19 vaccination: A review of some vaccination models","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.padiff.2024.100842","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.padiff.2024.100842","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The sudden and rapid spread of the COVID_19 pandemic with its terrible consequences has put the management of governments and the various world institutions into a crisis. They have been subjected to a considerable economic effort to be taken to combat the spread of the pandemic. The economic investment for the research and purchase of vaccines intended for populations is subject to cost–benefit analyses in various situations in different cases. In this review work, several recent models are analyzed where the appearance of the components is coupled with the economic aspect. The analysis of these models is detailed and the results discussed from different points of view.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34531,"journal":{"name":"Partial Differential Equations in Applied Mathematics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666818124002286/pdfft?md5=bd9e45312c14d5d9f6c98ac669d3d8b8&pid=1-s2.0-S2666818124002286-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141951325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploration of melting heat transfer and entropy generation in a magnetized hybrid nanoliquid over an extending sheet of varying thickness","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.padiff.2024.100835","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.padiff.2024.100835","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The analysis of melting heat transfer over an expansive sheet of variable thickness is of the utmost importance in various industrial and engineering sectors, such as injection molding of polymers and composites, cooling of nuclear reactors, hot rolling, etc. Thus, the current work examines the flow dynamics, melting heat transport, and entropy generation of a magneto-hybrid nanofluid over a stretching device with variable thickness in porous media. A water-based hybridized nanofluid is formed using copper <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>Cu</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span> and aluminium oxide <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><msub><mrow><mi>Al</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mi>O</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span> nanoparticles in the presence of thermal radiation, viscous dissipation, and Joulean heating. The transport partial derivatives were transmuted to ordinary derivatives using appropriate similarity quantities. These equations were numerically solved through shooting techniques combined with the Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg (RKF) method. Diverse figures and tables are sketched to illustrate the outcomes of the various parameters involved in the study. The investigation reveals an enlargement in the heat-bounding surface with an escalation in the magnitude of volume fraction, melting heat transfer, and magnetic field terms. In contrast, the momentum-bounding surface depletes with these parameters. Furthermore, as thermal radiation and Eckert numbers rise, the thermal gradient increases. The entropy generation increases with higher Brikman number and porosity term, but the melting heat parameter causes a decline in the entropy profiles.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34531,"journal":{"name":"Partial Differential Equations in Applied Mathematics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666818124002213/pdfft?md5=08580248665664a089f123484e9cf5a2&pid=1-s2.0-S2666818124002213-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141842377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamics of geometric shape solutions for space-time fractional modified equal width equation with beta derivative","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.padiff.2024.100841","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.padiff.2024.100841","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The modified equal width equation describes the propagation of shallow water waves in which nonlinear and dispersive effects are significant, including phenomena such as wave breaking, soliton interactions, ion-acoustic waves, energy transfer in plasma, and nonlinear stress waves. The aim of this article is to establish some novel and generic solutions to the space-time fractional modified equal width (MEW) equation using the two variable (θ′/θ,  1/θ)-expansion technique, a modification of the (θ′/θ)-expansion method. A wide range of geometric shapes and inclusive soliton solutions have been constructed, comprising rational, trigonometric, and hyperbolic solutions, along with their integration to the equation under consideration. The two- and three-dimensional graphs of the solitons, including periodic, V-shaped, bell-shaped, singular periodic, flat kink-shaped, plane-shaped, peakon, and parabolic, illustrate the physical aspects of the solitary wave solution and the effect of the fractional parameter. The results demonstrate the efficiency, appropriateness, and reliability of the adopted technique for investigating fractional-order nonlinear evolution equations in science, technology, and engineering.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34531,"journal":{"name":"Partial Differential Equations in Applied Mathematics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666818124002274/pdfft?md5=adbdf6724292664764c30170fa453993&pid=1-s2.0-S2666818124002274-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141962070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the intricacies: Analytical insights into time and space fractional order inviscid burger's equations using adomian decomposition method","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.padiff.2024.100817","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.padiff.2024.100817","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, we analyze complex partial differential equations, specifically focusing on nonlinear fractional-order Inviscid Burger's equations. By employing the Adomian Decomposition Method, we develop analytical approximations in the form of convergent series to solve these equations with time and space fractional derivatives in the Caputo sense. Our approach provides explicit, efficient, and highly accurate solutions, which we verify against exact solutions, eliminating the need for closure approximations and perturbation theory. We present our findings through detailed tables and graphs, offering valuable insights into the behavior of the solutions. This work advances analytical techniques and establishes a foundation for new applications in various scientific and engineering fields.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34531,"journal":{"name":"Partial Differential Equations in Applied Mathematics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666818124002031/pdfft?md5=3ce039e826a41e37314aad7cb5325a99&pid=1-s2.0-S2666818124002031-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141962072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extended hyperbolic method to the perturbed nonlinear Chen–Lee–Liu equation with conformable derivative","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.padiff.2024.100838","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.padiff.2024.100838","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, let's find the soliton solutions of the perturbed nonlinear Chen–Lee–Liu equation via the new fractional derivative operator in following form <span><math><mtable><mtr><mtd><mrow><mi>i</mi><msubsup><mi>ℵ</mi><mrow><mi>h</mi><mi>y</mi><mi>p</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>t</mi></mrow><mi>α</mi></msubsup><mi>ƛ</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mrow><mi>x</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>t</mi></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow><mo>+</mo><mi>a</mi><msubsup><mi>ℵ</mi><mrow><mi>h</mi><mi>y</mi><mi>p</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>x</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn><mi>α</mi></mrow></msubsup><mi>ƛ</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mrow><mi>x</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>t</mi></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow><mo>+</mo><mrow><mi>i</mi><mi>b</mi><mo>|</mo><mrow><mi>ƛ</mi><mo>(</mo><mrow><mi>x</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>t</mi></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow><mo>|</mo></mrow><msubsup><mi>ℵ</mi><mrow><mi>h</mi><mi>y</mi><mi>p</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>x</mi></mrow><mi>α</mi></msubsup><mrow><mi>ƛ</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>i</mi><mo>[</mo></mrow><mrow><mi>λ</mi><msubsup><mi>ℵ</mi><mrow><mi>h</mi><mi>y</mi><mi>p</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>x</mi></mrow><mi>α</mi></msubsup><mi>ƛ</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mrow><mi>x</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>t</mi></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow></mrow></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mrow><mi>θ</mi><msubsup><mi>ℵ</mi><mrow><mi>h</mi><mi>y</mi><mi>p</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>x</mi></mrow><mi>α</mi></msubsup><msup><mrow><mo>|</mo><mrow><mi>ƛ</mi><mo>(</mo><mrow><mi>x</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>t</mi></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow><mo>|</mo></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn><mi>m</mi></mrow></msup><mi>ƛ</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mrow><mi>x</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>t</mi></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow><mo>+</mo><mi>σ</mi><mi>ƛ</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mrow><mi>x</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>t</mi></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow><msubsup><mi>ℵ</mi><mrow><mi>h</mi><mi>y</mi><mi>p</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>x</mi></mrow><mi>α</mi></msubsup><mrow><mo>(</mo><msup><mrow><mrow><mo>|</mo><mrow><mi>ƛ</mi><mo>(</mo><mrow><mi>x</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>t</mi></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow><mo>|</mo></mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn><mi>m</mi></mrow></msup><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></mtd></mtr></mtable></math></span>,by using the extended hyperbolic method. This equation is one of the most widely used models in mathematics and physics, which requires the study of this equation with different and practical methods. One of these methods is the extended hyperbolic approach, which is discussed and analyzed in this article. Since this equation has a very wide application in particle physics, how to study it is very important. Therefore, it is very important to use methods that include a wide range of answers. This method can also be very useful because it has a variety of answers, which we can see in the obtained answers. The solutions obtained in this article are new and more accurate than the studies done so far.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34531,"journal":{"name":"Partial Differential Equations in Applied Mathematics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666818124002249/pdfft?md5=3153dd5ffddfdcd571e4127c29513bea&pid=1-s2.0-S2666818124002249-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141849246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the solvability of a space-time fractional nonlinear Schrödinger system","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.padiff.2024.100803","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.padiff.2024.100803","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper is devoted to the theoretical analysis of a coupled nonlinear system of fractional Schrödinger equations in <span><math><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>n</mi></mrow></msup><mo>×</mo><msup><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup><mo>,</mo></mrow></math></span> <span><math><mrow><mi>n</mi><mo>≥</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>,</mo></mrow></math></span> considering time fractional derivative in the Caputo sense, and a fractional spatial dispersion defined in terms of the Fourier transform. We prove the existence of local and global mild solutions, as well as the asymptotic stability of global mild solutions, considering power-type nonlinearities and initial data in the framework of weak-<span><math><msup><mrow><mi>L</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>p</mi></mrow></msup></math></span> spaces, which contain singular functions with infinite energy. As consequence of the embedding of weak-<span><math><msup><mrow><mi>L</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>p</mi></mrow></msup></math></span> spaces in <span><math><mrow><msubsup><mrow><mi>L</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>l</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>c</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msubsup><mo>,</mo></mrow></math></span> for <span><math><mrow><mi>p</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>,</mo></mrow></math></span> the obtained solutions have finite local <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>L</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>-mass. In addition, we discuss the scenario in which it is possible to obtain the existence of self-similar solutions, which is a symmetric property that reproduces the structure of physical phenomena in different spatio-temporal scales. Our results are applicable, in the fractional setting, to the nonlinear Schrödinger and Biharmonic equations, as well as in a large class of dispersive systems appearing in nonlinear optics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34531,"journal":{"name":"Partial Differential Equations in Applied Mathematics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266681812400189X/pdfft?md5=b4aace64dd7c62c79481fd7879125007&pid=1-s2.0-S266681812400189X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141840038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}