Composites Part C Open Access最新文献

{"title":"Integrating explicit manufacturing knowledge in design for Automated Fiber Placement: An Adaptive Design Engine","authors":"Tim Tiemann,&nbsp;Carsten Schmidt,&nbsp;Berend Denkena","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2026.100773","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2026.100773","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Automated Fiber Placement (AFP) part design relies on iterative validation. Current tools evaluate manufacturability but provide limited guidance for generating feasible, optimized designs. The Adaptive Design Engine (ADE) integrates AFP manufacturing knowledge into the geometry generation process through parametric formalization. Manufacturing constraints are represented as explicit functions of equipment specifications, material properties, and process parameters. This defines the manufacturable design space a priori. Comparing three AFP systems reveals that manufacturability is non-transitive: designs optimized for one configuration are infeasible on others. This confirms that static design rules fail to capture equipment-specific constraints. Implementing the geometric constraint model for a topology-optimized fuselage structure enabled a direct design-to-manufacturing workflow. The framework optimizes manufacturable geometry parameters in under 4<!--> <!-->min, whereas commercial path planning requires 11<!--> <!-->h for a single validation cycle. Path planning software accepted the generated geometries without modification to produce two full-scale thermoset prepreg demonstrators. The ADE provides an alternative to static design rules by shifting from a posteriori validation to a priori generative design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34525,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part C Open Access","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100773"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148634871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Porous, cytocompatible, electrically-conductive scaffolds for biomedical applications fabricated via a facile thermal-expansion method","authors":"Eliska Dadova,&nbsp;Martin Cvek,&nbsp;Petr Humpolicek,&nbsp;Katerina Skopalova,&nbsp;Tereza Cermakova,&nbsp;Erika Pavlikova,&nbsp;Antonin Minarik,&nbsp;Jan Krivanek,&nbsp;Tomas Plachy","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2026.100778","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2026.100778","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electrically conductive porous scaffolds are widely explored in biomedical applications for electromechanical stimulation. Their fabrication is, however, challenging and often involves complex procedures and use of potentially harmful chemicals. In this study, we aim to develop improved fabrication strategies that are not only more efficient but also environmentally sustainable and associated with minimal risk to personnel involved in the manufacturing process. We developed a simple and scalable method to produce conductive, porous scaffolds by thermally expanding expandable graphite (EG) dispersed in melted thermoplastic elastomer (TPE). Besides unique expansion capabilities, EG replaces graphene and its derivatives, which typically generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon contact with cells. The effects of EG concentration and expansion degree on scaffold microstructure, conductivity, mechanical properties, and cytocompatibility were systematically investigated. The resulting EG/TPE composites exhibited well-defined porous structures, conductivity exceeding 10^–3 S/cm, and favorable mechanical performance covering both soft and hard tissues. The mechanical properties fall within a range reported to support osteogenic differentiation, while the conductivity is sufficient for cardiac studies. Moreover, the porous structure may support both cell types, thereby expanding the range of potential applications. Cytocompatibility was assessed <em>in vitro</em> using three representative cell lines: NIH/3T3 for general cytotoxicity, AC16 human cardiomyocytes as an excitable cell model, and ES R1 murine embryonic stem cells as a sensitive pluripotent model. Overall, EG/TPE scaffolds demonstrated no adverse effects on cell viability and morphology, which, together with electromechanical properties, indicate their potential as a promising class of biomaterials for biomedical applications, particularly for bioelectrical stimulation of various tissues.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34525,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part C Open Access","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100778"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148634872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of environmental temperature and interfacial friction on the micromechanical properties of fiber reinforced polymer composites","authors":"Ruoyu Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2026.100762","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2026.100762","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A modified cohesive zone model (CZM) incorporating environmental temperature and interfacial friction effects was proposed to simulate the fiber/matrix interface. Concurrently, a micromechanical model for composite materials accounting for thermo-frictional effects was developed through an algorithm-generated representative volume element (RVE) with randomly distributed fibers, combined with the temperature-dependent elastic modulus of the polymer matrix. To validate the micromechanical model, microdroplet debonding tests and mechanical tests on unidirectional composite laminates were conducted under both ambient and cryogenic conditions. The simulation results demonstrated excellent agreement with experimental measurements. An analysis was performed on the microscopic failure mechanisms of the composite material. The results indicated that the reduction in ambient temperature enhances the interfacial shear strength and transverse compressive strength, the presence of a thermal stress field, as well as the influence of temperature on the properties of both the matrix and the interface, collectively alter the micro-mechanical behavior under different temperature conditions. Furthermore, under compressive loading, interfacial friction plays a critical role in the failure process of the composite, thereby exerting a substantial influence. A notable variation in the extent of interfacial damage is observed locally.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34525,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part C Open Access","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100762"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148565443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Confinement of MWCNTs in PA6 3D-printed fibreglass-reinforced composites to enhance piezoresistive properties","authors":"Nicolò Geneletti ,&nbsp;Gennaro Rollo ,&nbsp;Luca Michele Martulli ,&nbsp;Andrea Bernasconi ,&nbsp;Alfredo Ronca ,&nbsp;Andrea Sorrentino ,&nbsp;Marino Lavorgna","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100692","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100692","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A continuous fibreglass (CFG)-reinforced polyamide 6 (PA6) sandwich structure with self-sensing capabilities was developed by confining multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) within the material volume through a step-by-step process involving a) 3D printing of specimens with a designed porous structure, b) embedding MWCNTs onto the surface of polyamide pores swollen with acid-formic solutions containing various filler contents, and c) hot-pressing the resulting specimens to close the porosity. Sandwiched specimens, designed with top-bottom skins at control layup (no reinforcement CFG, namely “noGF”), the quasi-isotropic (with CFG oriented 0/45/90/-45°s, namely “qiGF”), and the longitudinal layup (with CFG oriented at 0°, namely “longGF”) were subjected to steady and cyclic three-point bending tests and mechanical and piezoresistive characterized. The results show a correlation between applied strain and measured electrical resistance, with a gauge factor (GF) of 23 at a strain of 0.83% for the sample containing 0.05 wt% MWCNTs. The fibre reinforcement, together with the porous sandwich design, proved effective in reducing electrical hysteresis and improving measurement repeatability. The sample containing 0.05 wt% of MWCNTs and longGF shows a significant improvement in sensing performance. These findings confirm that confining MWCNTs within 3D-printed PA6 sandwich structures is an effective strategy for enhancing the piezoresistivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34525,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part C Open Access","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100692"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145925590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental analyses and numerical modelling of dynamic three point bending behavior of hybrid formed steel-PA6LFT40 structures","authors":"Sharath Christy Anand,&nbsp;Amir Hajdarevic,&nbsp;Xiangfan Fang","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2026.100698","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2026.100698","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents experimental study and FE prediction of hybrid steel-PA6 long fiber thermoplastic (LFT) structures under dynamic three-point bending. Using the novel hybrid forming process, steel sheet and LFT were simultaneously formed and joined. Together with hybrid U-profile, pure LFT and steel U-profiles were manufactured and tested. Results show that specific energy absorption (SEA) of hybrid profiles was 57 % higher than the combined SEA of the individual materials, due to contribution of fractured LFT material in the closed section.</div><div>Detailed FE framework was followed incorporating material characterization for Steel, LFT and adhesive into the FE simulation. Process simulations were performed and simulated fiber orientations were validated against XµCT scans and mapped onto LS-Dyna mesh. Dynamic three-point bending tests were replicated in FE simulations using the Johnson-Cook failure criterion for LFT materials. simulation results for pure steel and pure LFT profiles aligned well with experimental data. Simulations of the hybrid U-profile revealed discrepancies in energy absorption. Further analysis indicated that part of the energy was accounted for through element failure and frictional contact, which contributed to the observed deviation. This combined approach replicates experimental behavior and also provides insight into how hybrid structures distribute and absorb energy under dynamic loading.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34525,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part C Open Access","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100698"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146037335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hybrid artificial rattan from upcycled multi-layered packaging waste and natural fibers: Toward sustainable material innovation","authors":"Siraphop Raddussadee ,&nbsp;Vitsarut Janpaen ,&nbsp;Prompthep Komson ,&nbsp;Walanrak Poomchalit ,&nbsp;Ponlapath Tipboonsri ,&nbsp;Anin Memon","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2026.100705","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2026.100705","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the feasibility of producing artificial rattan from multilayer plastic packaging waste from beverage cartons, combined with natural fibers, as a sustainable alternative to natural rattan. Beverage cartons consist of cardboard and a polyethylene film/aluminum foil layer known as “PolyAl,” which is difficult to degrade and recycle. To valorize this waste, PolyAl was blended with recycled linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), and polypropylene (PP) at mixing ratios of 0–90 wt %, then compounded using a twin-screw extruder and injection molding. The optimal recycled polymer blend was subsequently reinforced with bamboo particles at 0, 5, 10, and 15 wt %. Polypropylene-graft-maleic anhydride (PP-g-MA) was also added at 0, 3, 5, and 7 wt % to improve interfacial bonding between the reinforcement and matrix. Mechanical performance was evaluated by tensile, flexural, and Izod impact tests, and the results were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), confirming significant effects of material composition on mechanical properties (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). The optimal formulation was a 30:70 (PolyAl:PP) blend containing 5 wt % bamboo particles and 3 wt % PP-g-MA, which achieved a tensile strength of 19.60 MPa, tensile modulus of 327.78 MPa, flexural strength of 28.12 MPa, flexural modulus of 543.08 ± 31.49 MPa, and impact strength of 100.93 J/m.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34525,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part C Open Access","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100705"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146187374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the stress analysis of composite pipes and vessels subjected to internal pressure","authors":"Roham Rafiee,&nbsp;Ali Shahcheraghi","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100689","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100689","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research focuses on extending an analytical solution for the stress analysis of composite pipes and pressure vessels under internal loading based on 3D-elasticity approach. In terms of engineering applications, the developed model can be applied to any arbitrary lay-up configuration of pipes or vessels without any limitation on the number of layers. Namely, the main drawback of the previously developed analytical method which made it applicable to the case of 4-layer pipes/vessels is resolved. Ensuring the accuracy of the developed model, the results from the extended analytical method, classical lamination theory, and finite element analysis are benchmarked against one another. A parametric study is also done to analyze the influence of pipe diameter and thickness on the results. Contrasting the two theoretical methods over various thickness and radius, a better understanding of the functionality of these methods are acquired.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34525,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part C Open Access","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100689"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145925568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LayGrade: Design and fabrication of a layer-graded bio-based composite from wood waste","authors":"Giulia Pelliccia,&nbsp;Roberto Naboni","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100685","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100685","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study introduces a fully bio-based functionally graded composite developed from pine processing waste to enable structural and optical performance control in architectural components. Rosin, beeswax, and sawdust were combined in defined ratios to produce stratified composites exhibiting spatially tunable stiffness and translucency. Mechanical characterisation showed a progressive increase in tensile strength from 1.21 to 2.89 MPa and compressive strength from 9.19 to 39.27 MPa with increasing sawdust content (0–60 wt%), accompanied by a corresponding decrease in light transmittance. Mix-specific calibration of CNC milling parameters ensured dimensional precision and defect-free surfaces across gradients. These data informed a voxel-based computational workflow coupling material composition with adaptive machining parameters to achieve local control of mechanical and optical behaviour within a single artefact. A graded tile demonstrator validated the framework, demonstrating continuous variation in stiffness and translucency through depth-controlled fabrication. The work establishes a reproducible pathway linking bio-composite formulation, digital design, and adaptive manufacturing, advancing wood-waste upcycling toward performance-driven applications in sustainable architecture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34525,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part C Open Access","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100685"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145651783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A stiffness programming framework for nonlinear hybrid Kresling – Yoshimura origami metastructures","authors":"Islam El Ghoul ,&nbsp;Adham Alsharkawi ,&nbsp;Ali H. Alhadidi","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2026.100708","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2026.100708","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent advancements in precise control and vibration suppression devices have created a growing demand for programmable mechanical elements. Although various origami structures have been introduced as potential candidates for this purpose, tailoring their stiffness behavior remains a significant challenge. To this end, this paper presents a systematic framework to assist in programming stiffness curves of nonlinear Kresling-Yoshimura hybrid cells under specific stiffness behaviors and geometric constraints. The framework explores all feasible combinations of geometric and mechanical parameters that contribute to the restoring force of such cells, including member lengths, diameters, and distinct shape ratios. Finite element analysis is employed to provide a practical tool to evaluate the nonlinear stiffness curves, which can be represented by cubic polynomials. Restoring force relationships are derived to ensure full recovery to the initial geometry, avoiding plastic deformation. Then, the effect of the main geometrical parameters on the linear and nonlinear stiffness coefficients is analyzed, providing a practical tool for designing the stiffness curve. The proposed hybrid cells demonstrate a high elastic deflection range, and a wide spectrum of linear and nonlinear stiffness behaviors. Comprehensive analysis proves that these hybrid origami structures hold significant promise for future implementation, with the potential to expand their operational range and accommodate diverse requirements in programmable stiffness applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34525,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part C Open Access","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100708"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146187375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of tool geometry and flank wear on drill temperature during CFRP machining","authors":"Andrii Hrechuk ,&nbsp;Rachid M’Saoubi ,&nbsp;Thomas Melin ,&nbsp;Stefan Frejd ,&nbsp;Pär Nordberg ,&nbsp;Lennart Karlsson ,&nbsp;Per Alm ,&nbsp;Vyacheslav Kryzhanivskyy ,&nbsp;Volodymyr Bushlya","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2026.100695","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2026.100695","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon Fibre-Reinforced Polymers (CFRP) are a fast growing market of high performance materials and components. Thermally induced damage during machining processes such as drilling or routing are among the limiting factors for product quality, yet accurate temperature measurement remains challenging. This study develops a methodology which combines machinable thermocouples and IR thermometry techniques to measure the temperature of the drill. Proposed combination, further enhanced by careful synchronization, timestamping and postprocessing, allows fine resolution analysis of local temperature along the cutting edges. The study compares three different designs of drills and the impact of their geometry and wear on generated temperature. The results indicate that positive rake angle is a favourable geometric feature which allows to maintain lower local temperature of 129–142 °C in unworn state.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34525,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part C Open Access","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100695"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145925591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}