Composites Part C Open Access最新文献

{"title":"Analysis of the forming mechanisms of woven fabrics based on recycled carbon fiber spun yarns","authors":"Tobias Georg Lang,&nbsp;Mir Mohammad Badrul Hasan,&nbsp;Anwar Abdkader,&nbsp;Chokri Cherif,&nbsp;Thomas Gereke","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2026.100787","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2026.100787","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing need for effective recycling strategies for carbon fiber reinforced composites has become essential to minimize waste volumes and sustainably enhance raw material efficiency. Spinning yarns from discontinuous recycled carbon fibers (rCF) has shown significant potential for use in thermoplastic and thermoset composite applications. However, despite their high deformability resulting from fiber-fiber slippage mechanisms, there is a lack of investigation into the deformability of fabrics made from rCF spun yarns. The current study, thus, addresses this gap by examining the fabric forming behavior through a combination of experimental forming tests and meso‑scale modeling. The developed model incorporates the elastic-plastic behavior of the yarns and captures their stochastic mechanical properties introduced by the manufacturing process. Parameter studies on blank holder force and stochastic material properties were conducted in forming simulations to identify critical areas within the textile structure with a higher probability of damage initiation. The probabilistic approach adopted in this study provides insights into the localized behavior of the material under forming conditions, enabling a more accurate prediction of failure-prone regions. These findings contribute to advancing the understanding of rCF-based textile structures and their application in composite manufacturing processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34525,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part C Open Access","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100787"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148656654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Actual path prediction and correction in tailored fiber placement process through a machine-learning algorithm","authors":"Eduardo A.W. de Menezes,&nbsp;Lars Bittrich,&nbsp;Patrick Schiebel,&nbsp;Andrea Miene,&nbsp;Leonel Echer,&nbsp;Mareike Woestmann,&nbsp;Axel Spickenheuer","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2026.100786","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2026.100786","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tailored Fiber Placement (TFP) is an additive manufacturing process for composite materials. It is based upon the embroidery technique, where continuous fiber rovings are positioned in a textile base material, fixed by a stitching yarn, and are later impregnated in a matrix. Its main advantage consists of the high design freedom, allowing the production of variable-axial reinforcements, depositing fibers only where desired and with optimized orientation. However, when dealing with small dimensions, deviations can be clearly observed between the target path (designed path) and the actual path, effectively stitched by the TFP machine. Among the sources for these deviations, one can mention fiber’s waviness, buckling, materials involved, influence of input parameters, i.e., the tension applied at the roving, the distance between stitching points, speed, and other systematic deviations inherent to any manufacturing process. The present work focused on measuring these deviations and analyzing the influence of the stitching parameters on them. It was observed that the distance between stitching points plays a major role in this regard. After collecting the stitching data with varying inputs, a machine learning algorithm was trained to predict the deviations and to propose a second target path, whose objective is to minimize the deviations between the first target path and the actual path. The machine learning algorithm was able to minimize the average deviation over the target path by up to 55%.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34525,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part C Open Access","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100786"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148730561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analyzing the tribological and thermal performance of polytetrafluoroethylene/recycled tire rubber composites fabricated by spark plasma sintering","authors":"H. Boulman,&nbsp;F. Giovannelli,&nbsp;I.El Aboudi,&nbsp;M. Zaghrioui,&nbsp;T. Chartier,&nbsp;C. Richard,&nbsp;A. Benayad,&nbsp;A. Mdarhri,&nbsp;C. Brosseau","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2026.100780","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2026.100780","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recycling and advanced recycling technologies for many end-of-life tires (ELT) are vital for advancing circular economy strategies. With approximately 1.5 billion end-of-life tires generated worldwide each year, developing new ELT recycling methods suitable for large-scale industrial use is essential. In this study, we examine composite materials made by blending a solid-lubricant filler, such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), with at least 70% recycled waste tire material. Spark plasma sintering (SPS) was employed to ensure proper densification of the composites. The waste tire powder, produced by the water jet process (WJP), was chemically treated before mixing with PTFE. A series of composite samples was sintered with varying PTFE content, ranging from 5% to 30% by weight. Several characterization techniques, including thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, were used to analyze the properties of pure PTFE and WJP ground tire rubber (GTR) powders. Subsequently, the sintered PTFE/WJP-GTR samples were assessed for thermal stability and tribological performance. The effects of PTFE content and chemical treatment on WJP-GTR powder were examined, and potential mechanisms involved are discussed according to X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra, profilometry measurements, and optical microscopy images. Overall, the results demonstrate significant improvements in thermal stability and a notable reduction of the coefficient of friction compared with pristine WJP-GTR. These findings are valuable for rubber products used in industrial machinery and manufacturing equipment that require efficient and dependable tribo-polymer systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34525,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part C Open Access","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100780"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148565323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable cellulose-derived carbon fibers for fiber-fracture-based strain sensing","authors":"Philip Johannes Steinbild,&nbsp;Christoph Unterweger,&nbsp;Sabrina Schmid,&nbsp;Igor Pasti,&nbsp;Jiri Duchoslav,&nbsp;Claudia Pretschuh,&nbsp;David Stifter,&nbsp;Christian Fürst,&nbsp;Rene Zahrhuber,&nbsp;Anja Winkler,&nbsp;Maik Gude","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2026.100774","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2026.100774","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the present study, sustainable carbon fibers (CF) have been prepared from cellulose filaments and subsequently used as strain-sensing elements in composites. Using three continuous thermal processing steps (stabilization at 230 °C, low-temperature carbonization at 900 °C, and high-temperature carbonization at 1500 °C) followed by a discontinuous ultra-high temperature treatment at 2250 °C, CF offering a large variety of profiles regarding mechanical and electrical properties were prepared. A notable dependency trend was observed concerning the influence of treatment temperature, with the tensile modulus exhibiting a consistent increase with rising treatment temperature, reaching a maximum of 96 GPa. In contrast, the elongation at break showed an opposite trend. Additionally, improved order of the carbon structure, accompanied by decreasing electrical resistance, was also observed at higher thermal treatment temperatures. Three CF samples taken after low, high, and ultra-high temperature treatment were used as strain sensor elements in glass fiber reinforced polymer composites. All cellulose-based CF were viable for fracture-based strain sensing, but the CF sample taken after the high-temperature carbonization exhibited the most favorable sensor performance. A high gauge factor of 101, combined with low baseline resistance and consistent behavior across repeated loading cycles and relaxation times, was observed for this sample. Higher resistance and a lower gauge factor were observed for the specimens based on the ultra-high-temperature-treated CF despite better conductivity at the fiber level, highlighting that a combination of electrical and mechanical properties influences the strain sensing behavior.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34525,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part C Open Access","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100774"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148565324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vacuum-infused woven jute/glass hybrid epoxy laminates: Effects of ply architecture on thermo-mechanical performance and finite element analysis","authors":"Macaulay M. Owen,&nbsp;Nasrul Anuar Abd Razak,&nbsp;Noor Azuan Abu Osman,&nbsp;Emmanuel Okechukwu Achukwu,&nbsp;Solehuddin Shuib,&nbsp;Divine Senanu Ametefe,&nbsp;Hazizan Md Akil","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2026.100779","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2026.100779","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Natural fibre composites offer sustainability advantages but often suffer from limited structural reliability and thermal stability when used without hybrid reinforcement. This study fabricated vacuum-infused woven jute/epoxy and jute/glass hybrid epoxy laminates with 2-, 4-, and 6-ply architectures to investigate the combined effects of fibre hybridisation and ply architecture on thermo-mechanical performance. Tensile, flexural, impact, density, and thermogravimetric analyses were conducted, while scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy were used to examine fracture behaviour and laminate morphology. Finite element analysis (FEA) was employed to evaluate stress distribution and deformation behaviour, and two-way ANOVA was used to assess statistical significance. The results showed that hybrid laminates consistently outperformed jute-only systems, with the 6-ply jute/glass laminate achieving tensile strength and modulus improvements of 22.6 % and 283 %, respectively, together with flexural strength and modulus enhancements of approximately 50 % and 75 %. The 4-ply and 6-ply hybrid laminates exhibited the highest impact strengths of 46.19 and 50.66 kJ/m², respectively, demonstrating superior energy absorption capability. Thermal analysis revealed delayed degradation and approximately fourfold higher residual char yield, indicating enhanced thermal stability. Microstructural observations confirmed improved fibre embedding, reduced fibre pull-out, and more compact laminate structures. FEA predictions reproduced the experimental responses with deviations of 2–14 % and accurately captured stress localisation patterns consistent with the observed failure mechanisms. Overall, the results demonstrate that controlled fibre hybridisation and ply architecture provide an effective strategy for enhancing the structural efficiency and thermal stability of vacuum-infused natural fibre composite laminates for lightweight engineering applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34525,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part C Open Access","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100779"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148634874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-matrix fiber-reinforced composite fingers manufactured by Tailored Fiber Placement and Tailored Matrix Placement for bioinspired soft robotic hands","authors":"Tales de Vargas Lisbôa,&nbsp;Vincent Michael Willenberg,&nbsp;Morgan Renard,&nbsp;Simon Konze,&nbsp;E.-F. Markus Vorrath,&nbsp;Rafał Andrejczuk,&nbsp;Andreas Richter,&nbsp;Markus Stommel,&nbsp;Axel Spickenheuer","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2026.100767","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2026.100767","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents the development of a bioinspired anthropomorphic gripper based on a multi-matrix fiber-reinforced composite design. By combining Tailored Fiber Placement and Tailored Matrix Placement, locally rigid and flexible zones were integrated within a single composite body, eliminating the need for discrete mechanical joints or hinges. Two distinct matrix systems, namely rigid epoxy and soft polyurethane, enabled local tuning of the mechanical response, while pneumatic silicone actuators manufactured by Liquid Additive Manufacturing provided active finger articulation. Experimental testing demonstrated effective finger flexion and a pronounced nonlinear force-pressure response, reaching up to 4.68 N at 45°, supporting the feasibility of functional gripping. This work demonstrates a multifunctional composite design approach for soft robotics, in which composites act as both structural and functional elements in adaptive systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34525,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part C Open Access","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100767"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148634870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stress intensity factors of edge interface cracks in orthotropic dissimilar materials and their accurate evaluation using solutions for isotropic dissimilar materials","authors":"Kazuhiro Oda,&nbsp;Kazuki Takahashi,&nbsp;Nao-Aki Noda","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2026.100761","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2026.100761","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cracked orthotropic dissimilar plate specimens are widely used to evaluate the strength of fiber-reinforced composites. For isotropic dissimilar plates, the stress state is characterized by the well-known Dundurs parameters α^isoand β^iso. For orthotropic dissimilar plates, analogous composite parameters—α, β, Γ_<em>A</em>, Γ_<em>B</em>, ρ_<em>A</em>, ρ_<em>B</em>—have been proposed. Because orthotropic materials require six independent parameters instead of the two used in isotropic cases, previous analytical results are difficult to apply directly, and new analyses are required for each material combination. In this study, the mesh-independent proportional method is applied to analyze interface edge cracks in orthotropic dissimilar materials over a wide range of parameter combinations, incorporating insights from previous research. The singular stress field in orthotropic materials is then compared with that in isotropic dissimilar materials under the condition (α, β) = (α^iso, β^iso). The results show that the singular stress field in orthotropic dissimilar materials can be evaluated within a few percent error in most cases using the corresponding isotropic solutions. Even in the worst cases, where material anisotropy varies significantly, the singular interface stress distribution in orthotropic dissimilar plates can be estimated within approximately 8% error when the isotropic replacement (α, β) = (α^iso, β^iso) is applied.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34525,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part C Open Access","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100761"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148565446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modal analysis of 3D-printed PA12 TPMS lattices incorporating sigmoid transition zones","authors":"Akilan Mathiazhagan,&nbsp;Veera Gopalakrishnan,&nbsp;Bernd Beirow,&nbsp;Majid Asli,&nbsp;Klaus Höschler","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2026.100765","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2026.100765","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Modal behavior is a critical aspect of architected lattices and is required to characterize the modal and vibrational responses of the structures. This work presents a combined numerical and experimental study on the modal analysis of 3D-printed PA12 TPMS-architected lattices with sigmoid transition zones. Finite element simulations were performed to estimate natural frequencies and mode shapes, while experimental modal tests were performed using piezoelectric sensors and hammer excitation. Numerical predictions were validated against the experimental results with reasonable agreement. The study further investigated the role of sigmoid transition zones, including placement of parent TPMS geometries within these transitions, as well as the effect of volume fraction on dynamic response. Among the configurations studied, GDP consistently showed the best low-frequency performance (except at VF80, where GPD was marginally better), while PDG dominated at high frequencies in all volume fractions. PGD was identified as the least effective overall, never achieving dominance. These findings provide structure–performance relationships and design guidelines for tailoring the dynamic behavior of architected TPMS lattices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34525,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part C Open Access","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100765"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148565440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A low-cost high-performance water-based pre-treatment for aluminium-carbon fibre reinforced polymer hybrid composite joints","authors":"Raja Muhamad Hafiz Raja Adzhar,&nbsp;Matthew Blacklock,&nbsp;Martin Birkett","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2026.100785","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2026.100785","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a critical evaluation of a water-based crystallisation surface pre-treatment for enhancing the shear strength performance of aluminium-carbon fibre reinforced polymer (Al-CFRP) hybrid joints. Through thickness reinforcement (TTR) using mechanical pins has been widely used to improve joint strength, but its added fabrication complexity, material use, and weight raise concerns for industrial scalability, cost, and lightweight applications. In contrast, crystallisation, achieved by simple hot water immersion of alkaline etched aluminium, offers a simple, scalable, and cost-efficient method to modify the substrate surface at the nanoscale to enhance interfacial bonding with the CFRP. In this work, lap shear tests were conducted on untreated, crystallised, and TTR pinned Al-CFRP joints. The crystallised joints reached average shear strengths of 12.61 MPa which was over a threefold increase in the value of 3.99 MPa achieved for the untreated control joints. Remarkably, the strength of the crystallised joints was also comparable to the value of 12.46 MPa achieved for the TTR pinned joints, despite having no mechanical reinforcement. Moreover, the combination of crystallisation treatment and TTR pins did not demonstrate any noticeable improvement in shear strength, with an average value of 12.67 MPa, further reflecting the beneficial interactions of the nanoscale crystallite anchoring. These findings highlight crystallisation as a practical and sustainable surface pre-treatment technique to enhance the mechanical performance of Al-CFRP joints and offer a new perspective on hybrid joint design, advocating for multi-scale engineering approaches that combine simplicity, performance, and industrial scalability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34525,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part C Open Access","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100785"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148729881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic response of CNT-reinforced cylindrical sandwich microshells with porous core under electric field and low-velocity impact","authors":"Husam Hasan Khudhair Al-Dulaimi,&nbsp;Hasan Biglari,&nbsp;Mohammad Reza Khoshravan Azar","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2026.100782","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2026.100782","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a comprehensive multiphysics framework for analyzing the size-dependent low-velocity impact response of smart cylindrical sandwich microshells subjected to an external electric field. The considered structure consists of a functionally graded porous core, carbon nanotube (CNT)-reinforced composite face sheets, and piezoelectric outer layers. To accurately capture the layerwise kinematics of the multilayer configuration, Murakami’s zigzag theory (ZZT) is employed, while micro-scale size effects are incorporated through the modified couple stress theory (MCST). The low-velocity impact event is modeled using a two-degree-of-freedom mass–spring system combined with a linearized Hertzian contact law. The governing equations are derived using Hamilton’s principle and solved analytically in the spatial domain through Navier’s method and numerically in the temporal domain using the Newmark-β integration scheme. A comprehensive parametric study is conducted to investigate the influences of the material length-scale parameter, CNT content, applied electric voltage, porosity distribution, geometric characteristics, and impactor properties on the contact force history and transient dynamic response of the microshell. In addition, the predictive capability of the proposed zigzag formulation is assessed through comparison with the classical first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT). The results reveal that increasing the material length-scale parameter enhances the effective stiffness of the microshell and reduces the maximum impact-induced deflection by approximately 34%. Increasing the CNT mass fraction improves structural rigidity and decreases the peak dynamic response by up to 6.5%, whereas the contact force exhibits only minor variations. Furthermore, the ZZT model predicts larger deflections and lower peak contact forces than FSDT, indicating that the classical FSDT formulation tends to overestimate the structural stiffness of multilayer sandwich microshells. The proposed framework provides new insights into the design of lightweight, impact-resistant, and actively controllable microscale sandwich structures for advanced aerospace, automotive, and micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34525,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part C Open Access","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100782"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148730418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}