Experimental investigation and modelling of the nonlinear creep behaviour of additive-manufactured carbon fibre-reinforced polyethylene terephthalate (CF-PET).

IF 5.3 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES
Silas Z. Gebrehiwot , Leonardo Espinosa-Leal , Paula Linderbäck , Heikki Remes
{"title":"Experimental investigation and modelling of the nonlinear creep behaviour of additive-manufactured carbon fibre-reinforced polyethylene terephthalate (CF-PET).","authors":"Silas Z. Gebrehiwot ,&nbsp;Leonardo Espinosa-Leal ,&nbsp;Paula Linderbäck ,&nbsp;Heikki Remes","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2024.100530","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, the nonlinear creep behaviour of additive-manufactured carbon fibre-reinforced polyethylene terephthalate (CF-PET) is characterised using experimental, theoretical and computational methods. The experimental approach investigates the influence of infill orientations on the creep deformation of the material. For the study, samples at 0°, 45<sup>○</sup>, and 90° infill orientations are produced with 90% infill density using fused filament fabrication (FFF). The infill orientation parameter highly influences the creep behaviour. Increasing the infill orientation from 0° to 90° monotonically improves the creep resistance of the material, which can be explained by orientation of the fibre-matrix reinforcement towards the uniaxial stresses. Surface examinations of creep-ruptured samples via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveal that a combination of matrix failure, fibre pull-out, fibre-matrix debonding, inter-layer debonding, and the presence of voids cause the fractures. Based on the experimental data, the primary and secondary creep responses are modelled theoretically and computationally. The theoretical model is based on the dependence of the material's creep on stress and time parameters at the transient and steady state stages. Combined stress and time functions are used to model the creep of the material. Parallelly, two-dimensional (2D) finite element (FE) analyses are made on COMSOL Multiphysics to model the creep computationally. The approach is based on the superposition of Norton's and Garofalo's creep models with predefined time hardening property. The results of the modelling are in good agreement with the experimental findings, showing a maximum of 1.04 % for the theoretical, and 2.9 % for the computational approaches.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34525,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part C Open Access","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100530"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3000,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Composites Part C Open Access","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666682024000999","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

Abstract

In this paper, the nonlinear creep behaviour of additive-manufactured carbon fibre-reinforced polyethylene terephthalate (CF-PET) is characterised using experimental, theoretical and computational methods. The experimental approach investigates the influence of infill orientations on the creep deformation of the material. For the study, samples at 0°, 45, and 90° infill orientations are produced with 90% infill density using fused filament fabrication (FFF). The infill orientation parameter highly influences the creep behaviour. Increasing the infill orientation from 0° to 90° monotonically improves the creep resistance of the material, which can be explained by orientation of the fibre-matrix reinforcement towards the uniaxial stresses. Surface examinations of creep-ruptured samples via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveal that a combination of matrix failure, fibre pull-out, fibre-matrix debonding, inter-layer debonding, and the presence of voids cause the fractures. Based on the experimental data, the primary and secondary creep responses are modelled theoretically and computationally. The theoretical model is based on the dependence of the material's creep on stress and time parameters at the transient and steady state stages. Combined stress and time functions are used to model the creep of the material. Parallelly, two-dimensional (2D) finite element (FE) analyses are made on COMSOL Multiphysics to model the creep computationally. The approach is based on the superposition of Norton's and Garofalo's creep models with predefined time hardening property. The results of the modelling are in good agreement with the experimental findings, showing a maximum of 1.04 % for the theoretical, and 2.9 % for the computational approaches.
对添加剂制造的碳纤维增强聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(CF-PET)的非线性蠕变行为进行实验研究和建模。
本文采用实验、理论和计算方法对添加剂制造的碳纤维增强聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(CF-PET)的非线性蠕变行为进行了表征。实验方法研究了填充方向对材料蠕变变形的影响。在研究中,采用熔融长丝制造(FFF)技术,以 90% 的填充密度生产出 0°、45° 和 90°填充方向的样品。填充方向参数对蠕变行为有很大影响。将填充取向从 0°增加到 90°,材料的抗蠕变性就会单调地提高,这可以用纤维-基质加固材料对单轴应力的取向来解释。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对蠕变破裂样品进行的表面检查显示,基体破坏、纤维拉出、纤维基体脱胶、层间脱胶和空隙的存在共同导致了断裂。根据实验数据,对一次和二次蠕变反应进行了理论和计算建模。理论模型基于材料蠕变在瞬态和稳态阶段对应力和时间参数的依赖性。结合应力和时间函数来模拟材料的蠕变。同时,在 COMSOL Multiphysics 上进行二维(2D)有限元(FE)分析,以建立蠕变计算模型。该方法基于 Norton 和 Garofalo 蠕变模型与预定义时间硬化特性的叠加。建模结果与实验结果非常吻合,理论方法的最大值为 1.04%,计算方法的最大值为 2.9%。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
求助全文
约1分钟内获得全文 求助全文
来源期刊
Composites Part C Open Access
Composites Part C Open Access Engineering-Mechanical Engineering
CiteScore
8.60
自引率
2.40%
发文量
96
审稿时长
55 days
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
copy
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
右上角分享
点击右上角分享
0
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术官方微信