Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering最新文献

{"title":"From waste to resource: King coconut biochar as a green adsorbent for bisphenol A removal","authors":"Hashinika Matharage ,&nbsp;Mahesh Jayaweera ,&nbsp;Nilanthi Bandara ,&nbsp;Jagath Manatunge ,&nbsp;Daham Jayawardana ,&nbsp;Janith Dissanayake","doi":"10.1016/j.cscee.2025.101261","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscee.2025.101261","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The widespread presence of BPA in water bodies poses significant environmental and health concerns, highlighting the need for sustainable and efficient removal technologies. This study presents an innovative approach for BPA remediation using biochar derived from king coconut shells—a readily available agricultural waste and by-product of a popular drink in many parts of Asia. Biochar pyrolyzed at 800 °C exhibited the highest removal efficiency, which was significantly enhanced to 80.1 ± 0.9 % following HCl activation. Further reduction of the particle size from 1.0–4.0 mm to 75–105 μm resulted in complete (100 %) removal of BPA. Batch adsorption experiments revealed optimal removal at pH 3–7, with a dosage of 5.0 g/L and an initial BPA concentration of 100.0 ppm. The adsorption process was best described by the Langmuir isotherm model (R² = 0.99), with a maximum capacity of 39.53 mg/g. Kinetic studies demonstrated that the pseudo-second-order model accurately represented the adsorption dynamics, implying chemisorption as the rate-limiting step. Regeneration experiments using ethanol demonstrated the reusability of the adsorbent, maintaining over 79.6 % removal efficiency after five consecutive cycles. These findings highlight the effectiveness of KBC800–HCl as a sustainable and high-performance adsorbent, demonstrating the broader potential of agricultural waste valorization in environmental remediation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34388,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 101261"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144704504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient removal of Cd(II) and Pb(II) on NiFeAl-LDH@Polystyrene nanocomposite in single and binary systems: Optimization, kinetic and isotherm studies","authors":"Shahad A. Raheem ,&nbsp;Ahmed A. Mohammed","doi":"10.1016/j.cscee.2025.101285","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscee.2025.101285","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Toxic heavy metals have undesirable consequences for the health of all living things, and their presence in the aquatic environment is a significant concern. In this study, a core-shell nanocomposite (NiFeAl-LDH@Polystyrene(PS)) was synthesized by recycling styrofoam waste with PS:LDH ratios of 2:1 and characterized using (TEM, SEM/EDS, XRD, FTIR, and BET). Then investigate its ability to adsorb Cd⁺² and pb⁺² ions in single and binary systems. Results showed a hexagonal platelet morphology of NiFeAl-LDH uniformly covered by a shell of PS nanosphers with an average pore diameter of 28.63 nm and a successful adsorption of Cd⁺² and pb⁺² ions on NiFeAl-LDH@PS. The optimization and influence of adsorption parameters (pH, dosage, agitation speed, initial concentration, and contact time) on the adsorption process were investigated using RSM analysis, yielding a good fit between experimental data and predicted responses with a correlation coefficient (R²) of 0.9956 and 0.9521 for Cd⁺² and pb⁺², respectively. Adsorption experiments showed that the removal efficiency of Cd⁺² and pb⁺² in single-component system was 94.42 % and 99.65 %, respectively. While in the binary system, the removal efficiencies of Cd⁺² and pb⁺² were reduced, indicating that Cd⁺² and Pb⁺² adsorption was affected by the presence of other metal ion. The Langmuir isotherm model with a maximum capacity of 57.4713 and 177.305 mg/g, for Cd⁺² and pb^+2, respectively, and the competitive Langmuir model best described the adsorption data in a single-and binary-component system. In a single-component system, it was found that the PSO models accurately described the adsorption, indicating a chemosorption process. Additionally, the modified PSO was used to describe the binary adsorption data on NiFeAl-LDH@PS. Electrostatic force interaction, oxygen-containing functional groups, and complexation reactions controlled the adsorption process. NiAlFe-LDH@PS showed significant reusability as the efficiency was 38.56 % and 42.37 % for Cd⁺² and Pb⁺², respectively, after six regeneration cycles. In conclusion, NiAlFe-LDH@PS nanocomposite can be considered as an effective adsorbent in the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34388,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 101285"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145117723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical, environmental, and cost evaluation of concrete using recycled polypropylene","authors":"Ade Okvianti Irlan,&nbsp;Herman Parung,&nbsp;M.W. Tjaronge,&nbsp;Muhammad Akbar Caronge","doi":"10.1016/j.cscee.2025.101255","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscee.2025.101255","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the mechanical, environmental and cost of concrete incorporating recycled polypropylene (PP) granules as partial fine aggregate replacement at 0 %, 10 %, 20 %, and 30 %, with water-to-cement (W/C) ratios of 0.45 and 0.55. The addition of PP granules reduced workability and density due to their hydrophobic and lightweight nature, leading to compressive strength reductions of up to 48 % at 30 % PP content. The optimal substitution level was identified at 10 %, achieving a balance between mechanical performance and environmental benefits. A strong exponential correlation between ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) and compressive strength was established (f'c = 0.045e^0.0016v, R² = 0.793), enabling reliable non-destructive strength prediction. Life cycle assessment (LCA) revealed that incorporating PP granules increased the global warming potential (GWP) by approximately 2–6 % at a 0.45 W/C ratio and 3–8 % at 0.55, primarily due to the energy-intensive recycling process. Additionally, the embodied energy (EE) increased by 5–15 % and 7–21 % at 0.45 and 0.55 W/C ratios, respectively. Although PP integration contributes to reducing natural aggregate consumption, its environmental benefits are constrained by higher embodied energy and costs, indicating its application is best limited to non-structural concrete where sustainability trade-offs can be justified.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34388,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 101255"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144557317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photochemical synthesis of CdS semiconductor by gas condensate as sulfur source, and evaluation of its photocatalytic property in the degradation of methylene blue dye as a case study","authors":"Amir Azizi ,&nbsp;Kaveh Khosravi ,&nbsp;Pouria Alaei Roozbahani ,&nbsp;Zohreh Farahani","doi":"10.1016/j.cscee.2025.101241","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscee.2025.101241","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated a photochemical synthesis route for CdS particles, utilizing gas condensate extracted from oil wells as a sulfur source due to its high sulfur compound content. To confirm the synthesis and characterize the CdS, common techniques were employed. The photocatalytic performance of the synthesized particles was evaluated in the degradation of methylene blue dye under various conditions. Under optimized conditions the degradation efficiency of dye reached 96 % ± 0.5. This study presents a novel photochemical method for synthesizing CdS and highlights the potential application of its in environmental remediation. The process offers an effective approach for removing sulfur from fuels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34388,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 101241"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144125189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Double-xerogel network composite zeolite granules targeting dual-functional fertilizers","authors":"Nguyen Manh Khang ,&nbsp;Vo Tran Minh Khoa ,&nbsp;Nguyen Thi Truc Phuong ,&nbsp;Nguyen Xuan Du ,&nbsp;Ngo Tran Hoang Duong ,&nbsp;Nguyen Van Dung ,&nbsp;Tran Thuy Tuyet Mai ,&nbsp;Nguyen Quang Long","doi":"10.1016/j.cscee.2025.101253","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscee.2025.101253","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Food security remains a global challenge due to rapid population growth, intensive agricultural practices, and freshwater scarcity. This study presents the development of dual-functional composite granules combining sodium alginate (SA), gelatin, GIS-type zeolite, and CuO/ZnO nanorods for enhanced water retention and controlled micronutrient release. The GIS-type zeolite exhibited high water adsorption capacity (0.75 g H₂O/g), while the incorporation of gelatin significantly increased the swelling ratio from 0.6 to 1.7, improving water retention and soil conditioning. CuO and ZnO nanorods embedded within the composite granules facilitated the controlled release of copper and zinc ions under acidic conditions (pH 4). The release of Cu²⁺ followed super case II transport (n = 0.98–1.10), while Zn²⁺ release followed an erosion-driven Weibull model. Water retention in soil increased by 20 % with gelatin-based granules after 7 days, and the water holding capacity of soil improved by 15 %–20 %. The composite granules demonstrated excellent mechanical stability, with a compressive stress of 1.5–5.5 MPa. This dual-functional system offers a sustainable approach to enhancing soil fertility and addressing micronutrient deficiencies while improving water retention in agricultural soils.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34388,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 101253"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144502739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retraction notice to “Investigation of effective parameters in the production of alumina gel through the sol-gel method” [Case Stud. Chem. Environ. Eng. 8 (2023) 100405]","authors":"Rusul Alabada ,&nbsp;Mustafa M. Kadhim ,&nbsp;Zainab sabri Abbas ,&nbsp;Ahmed Mahdi Rheima ,&nbsp;Usama S. Altimari ,&nbsp;Ashour H. Dawood ,&nbsp;Alaa dhari jawad al-bayati ,&nbsp;Zainab Talib Abed ,&nbsp;Rusul Saeed Radhi ,&nbsp;Asala Salam Jaber ,&nbsp;Safa K. Hachim ,&nbsp;Farah K. Ali ,&nbsp;Zaid H. Mahmoud ,&nbsp;Ehsan Kianfar","doi":"10.1016/j.cscee.2025.101298","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscee.2025.101298","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34388,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 101298"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145614549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Run-of-mine bauxite processing residue recovery from the mining industry for the production of artificial aggregate geopolymer paste","authors":"Fitriana Meilasari ,&nbsp;I.D.A.A. Warmadewanthi ,&nbsp;Yulinah Trihadiningrum ,&nbsp;Januarti Jaya Ekaputri ,&nbsp;Hendri Sutrisno","doi":"10.1016/j.cscee.2025.101249","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscee.2025.101249","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rising global construction demand led to natural aggregate overexploitation and environmental degradation. Using run-of-mine bauxite processing residue (RBPR) as artificial aggregate offers sustainable construction solutions while supporting Sustainable Development Goals No. 9 (Innovation and Infrastructure), 11 (Sustainable Cities), and 12 (Responsible Consumption). RBPR was produced into artificial aggregate geopolymer paste (AAGP) using mold casting and thermal methods. XRD, FTIR, and SEM-EDS analyses confirmed geopolymer essential minerals in AAGP, indicating successful sodium aluminosilicate gel formation, the fundamental binding phase in geopolymers. AAGP compressive strengths exceed 12 MPa, and total CO₂ emissions from its production were 1.786–2.992 kg CO₂/kg material.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34388,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 101249"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144306640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiscale modelling in ammonia synthesis: Integrating CFD and process simulation - A review","authors":"Leonardo Bravo ,&nbsp;Camilo Rengifo Gutierrez ,&nbsp;Martha Cobo ,&nbsp;Manuel Figueredo","doi":"10.1016/j.cscee.2025.101299","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscee.2025.101299","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ammonia synthesis is a crucial industrial process, but its high energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions highlight the need for advanced modelling to optimise and develop sustainable pathways. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of multiscale modelling in ammonia synthesis, specifically integrating Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and process simulation. A systematic literature review of Web of Science and Scopus databases, up to March 31, 2025, was conducted, focusing on kinetic models, CFD applications, and process simulation studies. The findings reveal the widespread use of various kinetic models (Temkin-Pyzhev, LHHW, microkinetic) to describe reaction rates, while CFD simulations primarily focus on reactor-level details like flow, heat, and mass transfer, evaluating geometry and operating conditions. Process simulation is extensively applied for plant-wide analysis, techno-economic assessment, and dynamic studies, often utilising simplified reactor representations. A significant gap identified is the absence of published studies explicitly integrating CFD and process simulation for ammonia synthesis, despite its demonstrated value in other chemical engineering contexts. Addressing this critical gap through future research is crucial for a more comprehensive understanding and the effective optimisation of sustainable ammonia production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34388,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 101299"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145415428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy-water usage and greenhouse gas emissions nexus of the natural rubber industry in Vietnam","authors":"Hong Dao Nguyen Pham ,&nbsp;Takahiro Watari ,&nbsp;Nhu Nguyet Phan ,&nbsp;Minh Duc Tran ,&nbsp;Lan Huong Nguyen ,&nbsp;Masashi Hatamoto ,&nbsp;Kazuaki Syutsubo ,&nbsp;Takashi Yamaguchi","doi":"10.1016/j.cscee.2025.101245","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscee.2025.101245","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The natural rubber industry is one of the leading forces in the agro-industry in Vietnam and is expected to expand in response to growing material demands. However, as the industry pursues profit targets, there is also a pressing need to consider its sustainability. One challenge is the lack of detailed information on the life cycle of natural rubber products, particularly regarding energy consumption, which could hinder sustainable practices. Based on an on-site survey of six natural rubber processing companies in the Southeast and Central Highlands of Vietnam, this field research aims to evaluate the sustainability of the natural rubber industry by examining greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from energy and water consumption throughout the life cycle of all products. Over two years, biogas, wastewater, and sludge samples were collected multiple times from each factory involved in the research and facilitated with both testing the characteristics and components of these samples, as well as calculating their carbon footprint by the 2006 Guidelines of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). GHG emissions from the two most dominant Vietnamese natural rubber products were 589 and 133 kg CO₂eq., respectively, generated from each ton of Standard Vietnamese Rubber (SVR) and Centrifuged Latex (CL) products produced. Our study identified three main sources of GHG emissions in the Vietnamese natural rubber industry: high electricity use during the SVR production process, vast ammonia requirements for the CL production process, and direct CH₄ and CO₂ emissions from the regulation tanks of the wastewater processes. Most surveyed factories have taken significant steps in adopting sustainable practices to reduce their GHG emissions. By combining conventional efforts of factories with GHG emission calculations during this field trip, our research proposes significant energy-saving executions to promote sustainable development in the regional natural rubber industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34388,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 101245"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144239576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing the flexibility of polyvinyl alcohol/Uncaria gambir extract/boric acid biopolymer films via prolonged water immersion post-treatment","authors":"Dieter Rahmadiawan ,&nbsp;Hairul Abral ,&nbsp;Shih-Chen Shi ,&nbsp;Ilham Chayri Iby ,&nbsp;Razan Muhammad Railis ,&nbsp;Melbi Mahardika ,&nbsp;Dian Juliadmi ,&nbsp;Fazhar Akbar","doi":"10.1016/j.cscee.2025.101272","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscee.2025.101272","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) films mixed with boric acid (BA) and <em>Uncaria gambir</em> (UG) offer excellent UV shielding and moisture resistance but suffer from brittleness. This study introduces a water immersion technique to improve flexibility. The untreated film showed high tensile strength (57.7 MPa) and modulus (3.7 GPa) but low elongation (∼43 %) and toughness (20.2 MJ/m³). After 7 days of immersion, tensile strength and modulus decreased to 41.2 MPa and 1.94 GPa, while elongation and toughness increased to ∼150 % and 58.1 MJ/m³, respectively. This green approach effectively enhances the ductility of PVA-based biopolymer films.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34388,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 101272"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144773144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}