Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Synthesis and characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticles-carbon composite derived from pineapple peel wastes for adsorption of methylene blue from solution and photocatalytic activity","authors":"Salsa Putri Alzura ,&nbsp;Vienna Saraswaty ,&nbsp;Safri Ishmayana ,&nbsp;Yudha Prawira Budiman ,&nbsp;Diana Rakhmawaty Eddy ,&nbsp;Evyka Setya Aji ,&nbsp;Diah Ratnaningrum ,&nbsp;Een Sri Endah ,&nbsp;Hanny Meirinawati ,&nbsp;Henry Setiyanto","doi":"10.1016/j.cscee.2025.101113","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscee.2025.101113","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Synthetic dye effluent poses substantial environmental issues due to its toxicity. In this work, a biosorbent derived from pineapple peels and modified with zinc oxide nanoparticles namely ZnONPs/PPWB, was prepared for the removal of cationic dyes, specifically methylene blue (MB), from aqueous solution. The ZnONPs/PPWB composite biosorbent was prepared through a facile green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles utilizing pineapple peel wastes as the source of reducing agent and carbon sources, followed by a calcination at a low temperature of 400 °C for 2 h. The properties of the prepared composite biosorbent were characterized using Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET) surface area, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) analyses. Several key factors, including pH, initial MB concentration, contact time, and biosorbent dosage as well as photocatalytic activity were investigated. The adsorption of MB on ZnONPs/PPWB is well described by the Freundlich model (R² = 0.9842) and follows the Elovich kinetic model (<strong><em>X</em></strong>² = 0.7390). The calculated maximum adsorption capacity of the ZnONPs/PPWB composite biosorbent (q_max = 65.43 mg/g) was 1.85 folds higher compared to the non-composite biosorbent (PPWB) (q_max = 35.21 mg/g) under the following conditions; adsorbent dose of 10 mg/30 mL, pH 7, and initial MB concentration of 20 mg/L. In addition, under solar irradiation, the composite ZnONPs/PPWB biosorbent exhibited the greater MB removal efficiency than non-irradiated ZnONPs/PPWB. In summary, this work highlights the effectiveness and feasibility of transforming agricultural wastes into ZnONPs/PPWB composite biosorbent for the removal of cationic dyes from wastewater.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34388,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 101113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143148737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Membrane derived from pineapple biowaste for water filtration in aquaculture environment: Effect of zinc oxide nanoparticle","authors":"Uun Yanuhar ,&nbsp;Heru Suryanto ,&nbsp;Husni Wahyu Wijaya ,&nbsp;Joseph Selvi Binoj ,&nbsp;Aminnudin Aminnudin ,&nbsp;Nico Rahman Caesar ,&nbsp;Azlin Fazlina Osman ,&nbsp;Fajar Nusantara ,&nbsp;Inpita Casuarina Eqisetia Utari","doi":"10.1016/j.cscee.2025.101114","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscee.2025.101114","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluates bacterial cellulose (BC) membranes reinforced with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NP) derived from pineapple biowaste. While BC membranes are widely studied, their use in aquaculture and ZnO reinforcement remains underexplored. Membranes were synthesized with 0.25–1.0 wt% ZnO-NP and characterized by SEM, XRD, FTIR, tensile strength, antibacterial activity, filtration efficacy, and analysis using one-way ANOVA. Results showed ZnO-NP enhanced membrane crystallinity and tensile strength, with 0.25 wt% being optimal. The membranes exhibited improved antibacterial activity, reducing bacterial content by 90.6 % and contaminants by 57 %, enhancing water quality for aquaculture and supporting sustainability and the long-term viability of aquaculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34388,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 101114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143147795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mesoporous aluminosilicate from metakaolin with natural surfactants for waste cooking oil conversion to hydrocarbon fuels via low-temperature pyrolysis","authors":"Nada Nadhifah ,&nbsp;Stella Jovita ,&nbsp;Riki Subagyo ,&nbsp;Diana Inas Utami ,&nbsp;Khawiyatur Riv'ah Agustina ,&nbsp;Holilah Holilah ,&nbsp;Nurul Asikin-Mijan ,&nbsp;Hasliza Bahruji ,&nbsp;Reva Edra Nugraha ,&nbsp;Aishah Abdul Jalil ,&nbsp;Suprapto Suprapto ,&nbsp;Didik Prasetyoko","doi":"10.1016/j.cscee.2025.101111","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscee.2025.101111","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The conversion of waste cooking oil to biofuel has been identified as a sustainable route to address energy issues. However, efficient conversion requires advanced catalysts to address challenges such as high acidity and thermal degradation. Sustainable catalyst production relying on naturally occurring materials reduced the overall carbon footprint and operational cost. This study investigates the transformation of kaolin minerals via metakaolinization into highly uniform mesoporous aluminosilicate nanoparticles when employing natural biosurfactants. The saponin extract from the <em>Sapindus rarak</em> plant was employed as a template to control morphology and mesoporosity. Synthesis of mesoporous aluminosilicate catalysts was conducted via sol-gel method to achieve uniform particle sizes (20–40 nm), with a pore volume of 0.55 cm³/g and a surface area of 197.29 m²/g. The catalyst demonstrated high performance with up to ∼99 % WCO conversion and 70 % hydrocarbon selectivity for C11–C14 and C15–C17.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34388,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 101111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143148734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling the thermal performance of hybrid paraffin-air nanostructure in a heat sink: Effect of atomic ratio of Al2O3 nanoparticles","authors":"Wed khalid Ghanim ,&nbsp;Rassol Hamed Rasheed ,&nbsp;Ahmed Shawqi Sadeq ,&nbsp;Mohammad N. Fares ,&nbsp;Soheil Salahshour ,&nbsp;Rozbeh Sabetvand","doi":"10.1016/j.cscee.2025.101109","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscee.2025.101109","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the effect of varying atomic ratios (1 %, 3 %, 6 %, and 10 %) of Al₂O₃ nanoparticles on the thermal performance of a hybrid paraffin-air nanostructure in a heat sink, using molecular dynamics simulations. The primary objective is to enhance the thermal properties of phase change materials for efficient energy storage, which is crucial for advancing thermal management systems. The purpose is to optimize nanoparticle concentration and assess how altering the atomic ratio of Al₂O₃ nanoparticles can improve thermal conductivity and heat flux within the phase change material matrix. The results demonstrate that after reaching equilibrium within 20 ns, the total energy of the atomic sample converges to −5990.70 eV, indicating stable atomic oscillations. Notably, increasing Al₂O₃ nanoparticle concentration to 3 % significantly improves the heat flux and thermal conductivity, reaching values of 354.11 W/m² and 405.42 W/m·K, respectively. The radial distribution function analysis shows a decrease in the maximum peak to 3.49 at the 3 % concentration, suggesting that a higher concentration of oxygen atoms in the material could enhance thermal performance. Furthermore, the maximum temperature within the system increases to 934.17 K at the 3 % atomic ratio. The aggregation time at this concentration is 8.11 ns, which decreases to 6.83 ns at a 10 % atomic ratio, further supporting the detrimental impact of nanoparticle aggregation. Notably, a 3 % concentration is found to be optimal for improving performance. These findings show the critical role of Al₂O₃ nanoparticles in enhancing the thermal performance of phase change material-based systems, offering valuable insights into optimal nanoparticle concentration and aggregation for effective thermal management in energy storage applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34388,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 101109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143148735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular mechanisms of microplastic toxicity in coastal sediments of La Guajira Colombia and emerging ecological risks","authors":"Natalia Fuentes Molina,&nbsp;Tatiana M. López Pérez,&nbsp;Yeilis D. Puerta Cerpa","doi":"10.1016/j.cscee.2025.101108","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscee.2025.101108","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coastal zones are unique transition areas connecting terrestrial and marine environments, recognized to be primary transporters of terrestrial-origin polymeric debris into the oceans. This study is the first attempt to understand the molecular mechanisms of microplastic toxicity in sediments of the most active coastal ecosystems of La Guajira and the environmental implications regarding emerging ecological risks, ensuring maximum coverage to estimate the actual load of your accumulation effectively. The four areas studied show an average abundance of 102 ± 7.86 particles/kg, with a wide variation of 39 ± 15.43, 109 ± 25.45, 211 ± 13.17, and 50 ± 29.56 particles/kg found in Riohacha, Dibulla, Manaure, and Uribia, respectively; the microplastic load was estimated on the coast of La Guajira at 14.71 thousand particles/ton annually, which is considered a moderate level of abundance worldwide. The morphology of the microplastics found was dominated by fragments (55.5 %) and films (29.5 %), showing signs of degradation under high radiation, temperature, and salinity conditions, influencing the surface oxidation rate and the adsorption capacity of contaminants that were identified in three types of polymers by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), of which polypropylene (PP) was the most predominant, followed by polyethylene (PE) with a heterogeneous spatial distribution associated with factors such as tourism, fishing, and urban activities. The ecological risk assessment based on the pollution load index (PLI) showed a low degree of microplastic contamination; however, hazardous polymers such as polystyrene (PS) can contribute to a high Potential Ecological Risk Index (PERI) and a high Polymer Hazard Index (PHI), which poses a risk to biota and human health, generating concern and requiring appropriate control measures to protect marine ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34388,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 101108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143147412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A sustainable way to prevent oral diseases caused by heavy metals with phytoremediation","authors":"Sana Salehi ,&nbsp;Mahdi Pouresmaieli ,&nbsp;Ali Nouri Qarahasanlou","doi":"10.1016/j.cscee.2025.101106","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscee.2025.101106","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sustainability, food security, and human health. This study builds on previous research [1] and explores the role of phytoremediation, a plant-based, eco-friendly strategy in mitigating heavy metal pollution to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3 (Good Health and Well-being) while addressing its lesser-known implications for oral and dental health. Through an analysis of seven key metals (copper, lead, zinc, iron, cadmium, arsenic, and mercury), the study identifies 99 plant species classified by their lifespan, light, and water needs, emphasizing perennials for large-scale remediation. Additionally, it highlights the impact of these metals on dental conditions such as caries and enamel hypoplasia. By supporting the establishment of green belts around industrial zones, this research integrates soil restoration with public health improvements, paving the way for future studies to deepen the connections between environmental contamination, phytoremediation, and oral health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34388,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 101106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143148733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation and comparison of drying models in open sun drying and photovoltaic and LPG burner assisted hybrid solar drying system","authors":"Tubagus Rayyan Fitra Sinuhaji,&nbsp;Suherman Suherman,&nbsp;Hadiyanto Hadiyanto,&nbsp;Ardi Ardan,&nbsp;Sulistia Rahmawati","doi":"10.1016/j.cscee.2025.101104","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscee.2025.101104","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluates the drying performance of open sun drying (OSD) and photovoltaic and LPG burner assisted hybrid solar drying system (HSD) systems for cocoa beans. OSD, a traditional and cost-effective method, faces limitations such as extended drying times, susceptibility to environmental contamination, and inconsistent quality. In contrast, HSD integrates solar energy with auxiliary heat sources, providing controlled drying conditions and improved efficiency. The research involved experimental comparisons between the two methods, using cocoa beans as the primary material. Measurements included temperature, relative humidity, drying duration, and energy utilization. Data were analyzed with thin-layer drying models, with the Midili model being the most accurate (R² &gt; 0.98). Drying trials were conducted at 40 °C, 45 °C, and 50 °C, with the target moisture content set at 7–8%. Results showed that HSD achieved superior performance, reducing drying times to 3–4 hours compared to 23 hours for OSD. HSD also demonstrated higher exergy efficiencies (94.6614 %) and lower exergy loss (0.0062 kJ/s). Furthermore, the controlled environment minimized contamination risks and preserved the quality of the cocoa beans. This study concludes that HSD significantly enhances drying efficiency, product quality, and sustainability compared to OSD. These findings suggest that hybrid drying technologies hold great potential for modernizing agricultural drying practices while addressing energy and environmental challenges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34388,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 101104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143148736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microwave-intensified esterification of high-free fatty acid feedstock into biodiesel using waste chicken eggshells as a heterogeneous catalyst","authors":"Juliati Br Tarigan ,&nbsp;Anzelina F. Barus ,&nbsp;Nabilah T. Simamora ,&nbsp;Ribka S. Tarigan ,&nbsp;Sabarmin Perangin-angin ,&nbsp;Junedi Ginting ,&nbsp;Eko K. Sitepu ,&nbsp;Y.H. Taufiq-Yap","doi":"10.1016/j.cscee.2025.101107","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscee.2025.101107","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The efficacy of waste chicken eggshells as a heterogeneous catalyst is investigated for biodiesel production from high-free fatty acid feedstock under microwave irradiation. The calcined waste chicken eggshells were identified using Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) equipped with Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX). The effect of esterification conditions such as catalyst weight, molar ratio of oleic acid to methanol, reaction time and microwave power were determined on biodiesel conversion and yield. The highest conversion and yield of 92.04 ± 0.8 % and 78.75 ± 1.8 %, respectively, were achieved under the reaction condition of molar ratio of 1:15, catalyst weight of 6 wt%, reaction time of 20 minutes and microwave power of 60 %. The catalytic stability of calcined waste chicken eggshells revealed that the weight of CaO was decreased after the first cycle. However, the biodiesel conversion was above 80 % after five times usage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34388,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 101107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143148201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cigarette butt filter as membrane material with tannic acid and FeCl3 additives for improve antifouling properties","authors":"Anisa Luthfiana ,&nbsp;Sri Mulyati ,&nbsp;Nasrul Arahman ,&nbsp;Muhammad Roil Bilad ,&nbsp;Muhammad Prayogie Aulia","doi":"10.1016/j.cscee.2025.101105","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscee.2025.101105","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Membrane fouling remains a critical challenge in wastewater treatment, particularly in applications involving oil-water emulsions. This study addresses this issue by fabricating antifouling membranes from repurposed cigarette filter waste, modified with tannic acid and FeCl₃ (ferric chloride) coatings. These modifications enhance membrane hydrophilicity, antifouling properties, flux recovery, and selectivity through an environmentally friendly approach. The membranes were prepared using the non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) method and subsequently coated through vacuum filtration. Key performance metrics included pure water flux, oil emulsion selectivity, and antifouling properties. The antifouling mechanism was attributed to the hydrophilic and protective layers formed by the tannic acid and FeCl₃ modifications, which reduced fouling and improved flux recovery. Characterization revealed that the tannic acid and FeCl₃ modifications created a hydrophilic layer with uniform pore distribution, leading to an oil rejection rate of up to 97 % and an increased flux recovery ratio of 85 %, compared to 65 % in unmodified membranes. The results highlight the potential of waste-derived membranes as a sustainable alternative for industrial wastewater treatment, aligning with the principles of circular economy and green chemistry. Future work should explore long-term stability, surface charge effects, and optimization of additive concentrations to enhance performance and antifouling efficiency further.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34388,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 101105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143148200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of synthesized Zero-valance silver nanoparticles on acetylcholinesterase and xanthine oxidase: Toxicological and environmental implications","authors":"Srwa Hashim Mohammed ,&nbsp;Ahmed Mahdi Rheima ,&nbsp;Dhiey A. Al-aameri ,&nbsp;Haider Kamil Zaidan ,&nbsp;Zainab T. Al-Sharify","doi":"10.1016/j.cscee.2025.101095","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscee.2025.101095","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nanoparticles have several applications in commercial and pharmaceutical products owing to their exceptional antibacterial characteristics. Nonetheless, the extensive creation of nanoparticles has significant concerns regarding their toxicological and environmental effects. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and xanthine oxidase (XO) are important enzymes in neuroscience, toxicology, and pharmacology, which makes them good targets for studying how nanoparticles affect these areas. This study involved the synthesis of spherical silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and their subsequent characterization regarding structural and optical properties. The synthesizer technique utilized X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to ascertain the form and size of the nanoparticles, indicating an average diameter of approximately 20.23 nm. An enzymatic test evaluated the inhibitory effects of the synthesized Ag NPs on AChE and XO, using donepezil and allopurinol as positive controls. The results demonstrated that the Ag NPs displayed minimal enzyme inhibitory activity relative to the positive controls. This work underscores the necessity for additional research on the effects of nanoparticle interactions with essential biological systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34388,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 101095"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143148680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}