{"title":"Exploring cement Production's role in GDP using explainable AI and sustainability analysis in Nepal","authors":"Ramhari Poudyal , Biplov Paneru , Bishwash Paneru , Tilak Giri , Bibek Paneru , Tim Reynolds , Khem Narayan Poudyal , Mohan B. Dangi","doi":"10.1016/j.cscee.2025.101128","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscee.2025.101128","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to rising demand, the worldwide cement market is expected to increase from $340.61 billion in 2022 to $481.73 billion by 2029. Quarrying, raw material processing, and calcination are steps in cement production. The societies in India and Nepal have to deal with environmental issues such as air pollution, resource depletion, and the effects of climate change. A case study of Nepal's Udayapur Cement Industry Limited (UCIL) exposed antiquated production methods that reduce energy efficiency. Utilizing regression models like Extra Trees (Extremely Randomized Trees) Regressor, CatBoost (Categorial Boosting) Regressor, and XGBoost (eXtreme Gradient Boosting) Regressor, Random Forest and Ensemble of Sparse Embedded Trees (SET) machine learning is used to examine the demand, supply, and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) performance of cement manufacturing in India which shares a common cement related infrastructure to Nepal. Since businesses understand how important sustainability is to attract new customers and minimizing environmental effects, our study emphasizes the necessity of sustainable practices in the cement production industry. On evaluation, the Extra Trees Regressor showed strong performance, along with the SET (Stacking) model, which was further validated using a nested cross-validation technique. Random Forest, on the other hand, had trouble; it displayed the greatest RMSE (15617.85) and the lowest testing (0.8117), suggesting poorer generalization. The SET (Stacking) Ensemble model gained a testing R<sup>2</sup> score (0.9372) and a testing RMSE (9019.76). In cross-validation, the Extra Trees model with a mean cross-validation R<sup>2</sup> score of 0.93 and a low standard deviation of 0.04 proved to be the best-performing model, as evidenced by lower differences in R<sup>2</sup> score across folds compared to other models, demonstrating its high predictive performance. The SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) interpretability analysis indicates that population is the primary factor influencing GDP estimates. A Tkinter-based application was also developed to forecast GDP using the training model. To attain sustainability and lessen the effects of climate change on the cement sector, these findings highlight the adoption of cutting-edge technologies and energy-efficient procedures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34388,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 101128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143224184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Non-local piezoelasticity to incorporate the influence of small-scale factors on the resonance behavior of the Mindlin piezoelectric polymeric nanoplates","authors":"Narinderjit Singh Sawaran Singh , Waqed H. Hassan , Zainab Mоhammed Ameen Ahmed , Younis Mohamed Atiah Al-zahy , Soheil Salahshour , Mostafa Pirmoradian","doi":"10.1016/j.cscee.2025.101125","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscee.2025.101125","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents an investigation into the vibration resonance of Mindlin piezoelectric polymeric nanoplates under electromechanical loading, particularly in the presence of a rotating nanoparticle. The novelty of this research lies in the application of non-local piezoelasticity, which effectively incorporates the influence of small-scale factors on the resonance behavior of the nanoplate. By employing a variational approach to derive the governing equations, this work advances the understanding of how various parameters such as the non-local parameter, dimensions of the nanoplate, excitation voltage, and mass of the nanoparticle affect resonance frequencies. The Galerkin method is utilized to solve the partial differential equations governing the dynamics of the piezoelectric polymeric nanoplate, marking a significant methodological contribution to the field. The incremental harmonic balance approach is then applied to estimate the system's resonance frequencies, with numerical simulations confirming their existence. This research not only elucidates the complex interactions affecting resonance behavior but also highlights the potential for optimizing the design of nanostructures in various applications, including sensors and energy-harvesting devices. The findings suggest that increasing the non-local parameter softens the nanoplate's rigidity, leading to decreased resonance frequencies, while modifications in dimensions and applied voltages can enhance these frequencies. Overall, this study lays the groundwork for future explorations into the dynamic behavior of piezoelectric materials, emphasizing the importance of small-scale effects in nanotechnology applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34388,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 101125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143147415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Manassé Kushenga Cibangwa , Daniel Ikhu-Omoregbe , Myalelo Nomnqa
{"title":"Comparative rheological evaluation of associative thickeners in water-based paint: Influence of polymeric binder and thickener concentration","authors":"Manassé Kushenga Cibangwa , Daniel Ikhu-Omoregbe , Myalelo Nomnqa","doi":"10.1016/j.cscee.2025.101122","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscee.2025.101122","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the rheological and optical performance of water-based paints using Hydrophobically Modified Ethoxylated Urethane (HEUR) and Hydrophobically Modified Alkali Swellable Emulsions (HASE) as thickeners with styrene acrylic (SA) and pure acrylic (PA) binders. Novel insights include the superior thickening efficiency and elasticity of HASE with PA binders, while HEUR maintained consistent performance across binders. Importantly, a correlation between rheology and optical attributes such as gloss and opacity has been established, highlighting rheology's critical role in optimizing paint formulations for application and aesthetic performance. This study bridges the gap in understanding binder-thickener interactions in decorative paints.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34388,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 101122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143147413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Composite adsorbent from sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) bagasse biochar generated from atmospheric pressure microwave plasma pyrolysis process and nano zero valent iron (nZVI) for rapid and highly efficient Cr(VI) adsorption","authors":"Denny Dermawan , Aulia Diva Satriavi , Dyah Isna Nurhidayati , Rahmad Firnandi , Novi Eka Mayangsari , Tarikh Azis Ramadani , Dika Rahayu Widiana , Anda Iviana Juniani , Dwi Rasy Mujiyanti , Ya-Fen Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.cscee.2025.101123","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscee.2025.101123","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sugarcane bagasse, with a 25–28 % lignin content, can be converted into biochar, serving as a promising adsorbent due to its high surface area. Nano-zero-valent iron (nZVI) is known for its strong magnetization and ability to bind heavy metals. In this research, biochar derived from sugarcane bagasse was composited with nZVI at varying ratios (1:1, 2:1, and 3:1) to improve adsorption efficiency for Cr (VI) removal. The composites were synthesized using the biochar from the plasma pyrolysis method, followed by nZVI incorporation. Batch adsorption tests were conducted with different Cr (VI) concentrations, contact times, pH levels, and adsorbent doses to determine the optimum conditions for each ratio. Characterization of the adsorbent included XRD, BET, FTIR, SEM, VSM, and Zeta potential analysis. XRD analysis of sugarcane bagasse and biochar demonstrated crystallinity and particle size improvements post-pyrolysis. BET results showed that sugarcane bagasse biomass had a surface area of 0.061 m<sup>2</sup>/g, which increased to 87.50 m<sup>2</sup>/g after conversion to biochar. However, once composited with nZVI, the surface area decreased to 37.44 m<sup>2</sup>/g (1:1), 49.26 m<sup>2</sup>/g (2:1), and 62.37 m<sup>2</sup>/g (3:1). FTIR and SEM analyses revealed the interactions between biochar and nZVI, as well as the binding of Cr (VI) to the composite surfaces. VSM showed a reduction in magnetization after adsorption, confirming the oxidation of nZVI to various iron oxides (e.g., FeO, Fe₂O₃, Fe₃O₄), which are less magnetic. The adsorption tests indicated that the adsorption capacity increased with a higher SBB/nZVI ratio. The biochar alone had an adsorption capacity of 77.82 mg/g. In comparison, the composites achieved 86.47 mg/g (1:1), 95.12 mg/g (2:1), and 112.41 mg/g (3:1). Optimal removal was achieved at an initial Cr (VI) concentration of 175 mg/L, a contact time of 180 minutes, and a pH of 2. The Langmuir isotherm model best described the adsorption behavior, and the adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo-second-order model, indicating chemisorption as the primary mechanism. The study concluded that the composite's adsorption efficiency increased with a higher nZVI ratio, making the 3:1 ratio the most effective for Cr (VI) removal.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34388,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 101123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143147411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Seasonal impact and meteorological factors affecting the distribution of volatile organic compound concentrations and health risk assessment inside and outside industrial estates: A case study of Rayong Province, Thailand","authors":"Teeranun Nakyai , Chan Pattama Polyong , Marissa Kongsombatsuk , Tanunchai Boonnuk , Anamai Thetkathuek","doi":"10.1016/j.cscee.2025.101121","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscee.2025.101121","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated seasonal and meteorological factors affecting the concentration levels of 1,2-dichloroethane, benzene, and 1,3-butadiene and conducted health risk assessments inside and outside the industrial estate in Rayong Province, Thailand. Volatile organic compound concentrations and meteorological data from 2019 to 2023 were analysed. Temperature and relative humidity showed a medium-level linear relationship with the concentration of 1,2-dichloroethane at Wat Nong Fab (<em>R</em><sup>2</sup> = 0.549, <em>p</em> < 0.01). Inhalation exposure of 1,3-butadiene posed the highest risk in the cold season (hazard quotient (HQ) = 7.949), with an annual average HQ of 2.72. Therefore, the controlling exposure to 1,3-butadiene and tracking health outcomes when exposure occurs is paramount, especially during the cold season.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34388,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 101121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143147410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sri Suhartini , Novita Ainur Rohma , Andhika Putra Agus Pratama , Nimas Mayang Sabrina Sunyoto , Efri Mardawati , Kasbawati , Abdul Mudjib Sulaiman , Afifah Harmayanti , Femiana Gapsari
{"title":"Sustainable corrosion protection: Chitosan/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite coating derived from palm oil empty fruit bunches on low carbon steel","authors":"Sri Suhartini , Novita Ainur Rohma , Andhika Putra Agus Pratama , Nimas Mayang Sabrina Sunyoto , Efri Mardawati , Kasbawati , Abdul Mudjib Sulaiman , Afifah Harmayanti , Femiana Gapsari","doi":"10.1016/j.cscee.2025.101116","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscee.2025.101116","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The growing demand for sustainable corrosion protection materials has prompted eco-friendly innovations. This study developed a chitosan/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanocomposite coating derived from empty fruit bunches (EFB) for corrosion protection on low carbon steel (LCS). Using a green oxidation-reduction process with KMnO₄ and ZnCl₂ under optimized conditions (temperature, stirring, pH), the rGO was successfully synthesized. The 90 % chitosan/10 % rGO coating achieved a high inhibition efficiency of 90.65 %, reducing corrosion rates by enhancing charge transfer resistance and creating a robust anti-corrosion barrier. This scalable, sustainable solution offers a cost-effective alternative for industrial corrosion protection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34388,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 101116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143147409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammed Al-Saad , Ali B.M. Ali , Mohammed Al-Mosallam , Mohammad N. Fares , Mohammad Ali Fazilati , Soheil Salahshour , Rozbeh Sabetvand
{"title":"Ag and Al2O3/water two-phase transient flow analysis in a double-pipe heat exchanger equipped with baffles and rotating inner tube","authors":"Mohammed Al-Saad , Ali B.M. Ali , Mohammed Al-Mosallam , Mohammad N. Fares , Mohammad Ali Fazilati , Soheil Salahshour , Rozbeh Sabetvand","doi":"10.1016/j.cscee.2025.101117","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscee.2025.101117","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Considering the wide application of double-pipe heat exchanger made their performance improvement very important. Employing aqueous nanofluid (<em>NF</em>) of <em>Ag</em> and <em>Al</em><sub><em>2</em></sub><em>O</em><sub>3</sub> as the working fluid inside the inner tube of the heat exchanger and its rotation as the respective passive and active enhancing methods are investigated numerically using the two-phase mixture method. The sensitivity analysis was performed to reveal the effect of Reynolds (<em>Re</em>) number, <em>NF</em> concentration and tube rotational speeds on heat transfer coefficient, heat transfer effectiveness, and efficiency ratio. The <em>Re</em> number, <em>NF</em> concentration, and rotation speed lie in 1000-3000, 0–4 %, and 300–500 rpm, respectively. The results show the higher improving effect of Ag rather than Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanoparticle; for <em>Re</em> = 1000, 1500 and 2000 the efficiency ratio averaged between different concentrations are 39 %, 30 %, 20 % for Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/water and 62 %, 65 % and 26 % for <em>Ag</em>/water <em>NF</em>s, respectively. By increasing the <em>Re</em> number, the enhancing effect of velocity increment on heat transfer rate prevails and hinders that of employing <em>NF</em>. Also, in rotating mode, the enhancement made by increasing the <em>Re</em> number is higher in the rotation speed of 500 rather than 300 rpm<strong>.</strong> The overall change of efficiency ratio versus the <em>Re</em> number increment is decreasing and the greatest improving effect of using <em>NF</em> is for the lowest <em>Re</em> numbers. Also, the enhancement due to increasing the <em>Re</em> number increment is higher at a rotational speed of 500 rather than 300 rpm.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34388,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 101117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143147414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ahmed Shawqi Sadeq , Rassol Hamed Rasheed , Shaima Albazzaz , Mohammad N. Fares , Soheil Salahshour , Rozbeh Sabetvand
{"title":"Investigating the effect of electric field amplitude on the thermal behavior of paraffin/Cu nanostructure in a tube containing non-connected rotating ribs using molecular dynamics simulation","authors":"Ahmed Shawqi Sadeq , Rassol Hamed Rasheed , Shaima Albazzaz , Mohammad N. Fares , Soheil Salahshour , Rozbeh Sabetvand","doi":"10.1016/j.cscee.2025.101115","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscee.2025.101115","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research investigates the impact of varying external electric field amplitudes on the atomic and thermal properties of a paraffin/copper composite in a tube with non-interconnected rotating ribs, using molecular dynamics simulation as the primary analytical tool. To ensure model accuracy, a preliminary equilibration phase is conducted for 10 ns under controlled conditions. This stabilized the temperature at 300 K and established a consistent total energy of 1.450 kcal/mol. After equilibration, an analysis examined how varying external electric field amplitudes influenced the thermal properties of composite with 7 % copper concentration. The results indicate that as external electric field amplitudes increased from 0.01 to 0.05 V/m, various parameters of the simulated atomic sample show notable variations. Specifically, maximum density decreased from 0.0848 to 0.0836 atom/Å<sup>³</sup>, while maximum velocity increased from 0.00496 to 0.00519 atom/Å. Additionally, maximum temperature increases from 770 to 789 K, and heat flux increases from 5.59 to 5.71 W/m<sup>2</sup>. Thermal conductivity increases from 0.72 to 0.78 W/m·K, and charging time decreases from 6.17 to 5.99 ns. When external electric field amplitude increases from 0.01 to 0.03 V/m, discharge time decreases from 7.16 to 7.05 ns; however, at 0.05 V/m, discharge time slightly increases to 7.09 ns. These findings have practical implications for optimizing materials in thermal management and energy storage systems by tailoring electric field conditions to enhance performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34388,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 101115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143147794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fadlan Hidayat , Eti Indarti , Rahmi , Nasrul Arahman
{"title":"Synthesis of a biocomposite based on Kluwih (Artocarpus camansi) seed starch incorporated with carrageenan as a functional additive and cellulose nanofiber filler","authors":"Fadlan Hidayat , Eti Indarti , Rahmi , Nasrul Arahman","doi":"10.1016/j.cscee.2025.101120","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscee.2025.101120","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The widespread use of synthetic plastics causes environmental issues because of their nondegradability. In this study, biocomposite from Kluwih seed starch were incorporated with carrageenan and cellulose nanofiber (CNF) to improve their mechanical properties. CNFs were prepared using the TEMPO method with ultrasonication. The variables included starch (1, 1.5, 2 g), carrageenan (3, 4.5, 6 g), and CNF (0.006, 0.12, 0.18 g). The mechanical properties of the biocomposite were optimized using RSM. Zeta potential analysis confirmed the stability of CNFs, and XRD and FTIR analyses revealed improved crystallinity and functional groups. The tensile strength of the biocomposites was 12.08 kgf/mm<sup>2</sup>, which is suitable for sustainable packaging applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34388,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 101120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143148739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Boy Attaurrazaq , Sri Harjanto , Reza M. Ulum , Agung Setiawan , Adji Kawigraha
{"title":"Carbothermic reduction of ilmenite using non-carbonized biomass from palm kernel shell","authors":"Boy Attaurrazaq , Sri Harjanto , Reza M. Ulum , Agung Setiawan , Adji Kawigraha","doi":"10.1016/j.cscee.2025.101119","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscee.2025.101119","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to utilize non-carbonized palm kernel shell biomass (PKS–B) as reductor in carbothermic reduction of ilmenite (FeTiO<sub>3</sub>), comparing its effectiveness to that of activated biomass (PKS-BA). The thermodynamic assessment predicted the iron (Fe) formation with addition of PKS-B at 700 °C. The experimental results indicated that PKS-B could reduce ilmenite to Fe, Fe<sub>2</sub>TiO<sub>5</sub>, and TiO<sub>2</sub> at 1000 °C, achieving a metallization degree (MD) was 70.9 ± 0.7 %. However, the ilmenite phase remained at 1000 °C by PKS-B. Complete reduction of ilmenite was observed at 1200 °C, resulting in MD was 98.6 ± 0.7 % and 96.6 ± 0.7 % for PKS-B and PKS-BA, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34388,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 101119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143147408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}