Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Thermodynamic modeling of calcium sulfate hemihydrate formed from seawater and concentrated brine at elevated temperature","authors":"Ali Al-Hamzah ,&nbsp;Caillan J. Fellows ,&nbsp;Christopher M. Fellows","doi":"10.1016/j.cscee.2024.101088","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscee.2024.101088","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Formation of hard scale, predominantly calcium sulfate, is the limiting factor in the operation of multi-stage flash (MSF) thermal desalination of seawater, restricting the top temperature and top brine concentration that can be achieved. More accurate prediction of the solubility product of calcium sulfate hemihydrate, the scaling species formed initially above 100 °C, under conditions found in MSF plants, would allow better control of MSF operations. In this report literature data for calcium sulfate solubility is analysed and the Pitzer model applied to determine solubility product values at temperatures up to 148 °C and total dissolved solids concentration up to 99 g/L (equivalent to a concentration factor for Arabian Gulf seawater of 2.2). From these an analytical expression is determined for predicting the supersaturation index (SI) under these conditions to simplify the task of MSF plant operators, SI = 61.5891–0.4783 ln(TDS) + 0.3223 (ln(TDS))²–31.7890 ln(T) + 3.7977 (ln(T))²</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34388,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 101088"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143148687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detecting and measuring Microplastic pollution in Al Hoceima City's harbor, northern Morocco","authors":"Iliass Achoukhi ,&nbsp;Yahya EL Hammoudani ,&nbsp;Khadija Haboubi ,&nbsp;Abdelhak Bourjila ,&nbsp;Abdelaziz Touzani ,&nbsp;Kamal Reklaoui ,&nbsp;Fouad Dimane","doi":"10.1016/j.cscee.2024.101093","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscee.2024.101093","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates microplastic pollution in Al Hoceima City's harbor, Northern Morocco, with a focus on their isolation, identification, and quantification. In December 2023, surface water and sediment samples were systematically collected using manta nets and core samplers. The samples underwent wet sieving, drying, and digestion using hydrogen peroxide with an iron catalyst to remove organic matter. Density separation with a saturated sodium chloride solution was employed to isolate microplastics, which were then analyzed using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy for polymer identification. The analysis revealed a dominance of polyethylene (70.2 %) and polypropylene (20.5 %) among the microplastics, primarily in fiber, fragment, and film forms, with sizes ranging from 0.10 to 6 mm. Predominant size categories were 0.2–0.5 mm, accounting for over 50 % of the total, and clear and blue were the most common colors. The average microplastic density was calculated at 9.40 ± 4.50 items/m³. This study highlights the widespread distribution of microplastics in the harbor, identifying their sources and impacts, while providing a robust methodology and findings to inform future marine pollution mitigation efforts in the Mediterranean region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34388,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 101093"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143148187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The temporal evolution of HCHO and changes in atmospheric composition in the southeast of the United Kingdom","authors":"Balendra V.S. Chauhan ,&nbsp;Kirsty L. Smallbone ,&nbsp;Maureen Berg ,&nbsp;Kevin P. Wyche","doi":"10.1016/j.cscee.2024.101092","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscee.2024.101092","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Formaldehyde (HCHO) is a significant atmospheric pollutant with adverse effects on human and environmental health. This case study investigates seasonal variations in HCHO concentrations and their relationship with tropospheric ozone (O₃) levels in the Southeast of the United Kingdom. Using hourly data collected from June 2015 to May 2023 at the Brighton Atmospheric Observatory, the research analyzes the interplay between atmospheric chemistry, meteorological parameters, and pollutant transport dynamics. Results reveal pronounced peaks in HCHO concentrations during summer months, reaching up to 9.5–10 μg/m³ around 12:00. This surge is attributed to heightened photochemical activity driven by increased solar radiation and temperatures. Regression analyses demonstrate a strong positive correlation (97 %) between summertime HCHO concentrations and air temperature. Elevated temperatures accelerate VOC oxidation reactions, leading to increased HCHO formation. The study also finds a significant correlation (81 %) between summertime tropospheric O₃ and air temperature. This suggests that higher temperatures enhance photochemical reactions involving O₃ precursors, contributing to elevated O₃ levels. Wind pattern analysis reveals the dominance of southwesterly winds in transporting HCHO throughout the year, with concentrations peaking at wind speeds of 15–20 m/s. During summer, northeastern and easterly winds become more influential in carrying tropospheric O₃, highlighting seasonal shifts in transport pathways. These findings provide valuable insights into air quality dynamics and underscore the importance of targeted interventions for sustainable air quality management. Understanding the factors influencing HCHO and O₃ concentrations is crucial for developing effective mitigation strategies to protect human and environmental health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34388,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 101092"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143148688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Liquid smoke-infused edible coatings: Antimicrobial agents for preserving cherry tomatoes","authors":"Muhammad Faisal ,&nbsp;Dieni Mansur ,&nbsp;Hera Desvita ,&nbsp;M. Bagas Heriansyah","doi":"10.1016/j.cscee.2024.101091","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscee.2024.101091","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to explore the effectiveness of edible coating to extend the shelf life of cherry tomato at room temperature. The edible coating was made from a mixture of liquid smoke with a concentration of 2–6% v/v (pyrolysis of rice husks <em>(Oriza sativa)</em> and cajuput <em>(Melaleuca leucadendron)</em> twigs) at a temperature of 500 °C), 0.5 % gelatin, 4 % chitosan, 1.5 % CMC (<em>Carboxymethyl Cellulose</em>), and distilled water. All ingredients were mixed into a homogeneous solution and cherry tomato was soaked for 15 minutes in the edible coating solution. The effectiveness of edible coating was tested based on antibacterial activity against 4 types of pathogenic bacteria, namely <em>Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus,</em> and <em>Bacillus subtili</em>s, as well as 2 fungi including <em>Candida albicans</em> and <em>Aspergillus niger</em>. The quality of cherry tomato was also analyzed through the Most Probable Number (MPN) test for <em>E. coli</em> and the measurement of the L∗ value. The results showed that edible coating was effective in inhibiting the growth of pathogenic microbes and could maintain the freshness of cherry tomato for approximately 15 days of storage at room temperature in sample RK3 as well as 9 days in SP2 and SP3 (liquid smoke from rice husks). Furthermore, changes in L∗ values significantly reduced in cherry tomato during storage. These results showed that edible coating can prevent the decline in the quality of cherry tomato during storage at room temperature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34388,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 101091"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143148652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced performance of visible-light-induced Bi2MoO6–N-doped biochar for rhodamine B degradation and textile wastewater decontamination","authors":"Rajesh Chanda ,&nbsp;Anik Karmokar ,&nbsp;Md. Nahid Hassan ,&nbsp;Toslim Jahid ,&nbsp;Shoyeb Muhammad ,&nbsp;Nirupam Aich ,&nbsp;Biplob Kumar Biswas","doi":"10.1016/j.cscee.2024.101090","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscee.2024.101090","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Organic dyes are a significant source of growing wastewater pollution. Biochar-supported visible-light photocatalysts are gaining attention due to their cost-effectiveness and green perspective. This study presents a novel N-doped-coconut-husk-derived biochar (NBC)-supported bismuth molybdate (BMO) as a photocatalyst. Urea, KOH were mixed with coconut-husk and pyrolyzed at 600–800 °C to prepare NBC. The ball-mill mixed BMO-NBC composites having 77 wt% BMO-23 wt% of 800 °C pyrolyzed NBC degraded 99.1 % of 10 mg/L RhB solution within 120 minutes. The photocatalyst was evaluated for on-site-collected textile-effluent remediation. The role of biochar functionalization, pyrolysis temperature, as well as composite composition, in its photocatalytic performance, are presented.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34388,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 101090"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143148198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel efficiency of turmeric extract as a green inhibitor of low carbon steel corrosion in 3.5% NaCl solution","authors":"Hajir Amer Jaddoa,&nbsp;Basheer A. Abdulhussein,&nbsp;Jamal M. Ali","doi":"10.1016/j.cscee.2024.101086","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscee.2024.101086","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon steel's atmospheric corrosion susceptibility is well-studied. Marine chlorides were poorly studied until recently. Because of their importance to civilization, coastal areas are prone to corrosion. As developing nations industrialize, they move production facilities to coastal areas, where half the world's population lives. Little was known about rust formation in Cl-rich environments before the millennium. Recently, we understand marine atmospheric corrosion better. An aqueous turmeric powder extract is used as a corrosion inhibitor to control low carbon steel corrosion in 3.5 % NaCl. Weight loss and polarization studies were used. A FTIR spectrum was used to analyze the protective film, FESEM examined surface morphology and AFM. Metal hardness before and after immersion is known. A weight loss study found that 1200 ppm turmeric extract inhibits corrosion at 97.52 %. Use these findings in petroleum equipment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34388,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 101086"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143148192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of biodiesel production (FAME) from microalgae Chorella SP. In a photobioreactor under optimum laboratory conditions","authors":"María Elizabeth Bejarano Meza,&nbsp;Allison Yolanda Escalante Palacios,&nbsp;Hugo Guillermo Jiménez Pacheco","doi":"10.1016/j.cscee.2024.101087","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscee.2024.101087","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Third-generation biofuels derived from microalgae offer a sustainable solution to meet rising energy demands while minimizing competition with food resources and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Microalgae are a raw material with high potential for their use in the production of biodiesel. This study investigates the effect of nitrogen deprivation on lipid accumulation in <em>Chlorella</em> sp., a promising microalga for biodiesel production, identifying in the process the optimal conditions for production, being the main goal to compare biomass and lipid production between these controlled conditions and environmental ones using a bioreactor. The results showed that nitrogen deprivation increased lipid content by 7.7 % in <em>Chlorella</em> sp., demonstrating its potential for biodiesel enhancement. The optimal conditions for biodiesel production, including temperature (24.74 °C), pH (8.25), and light intensity (6600 lux), were identified using factorial design. Under optimized laboratory conditions (pH 8.25, light intensity 6600 lux, temperature 24.74 °C), maximum biodiesel yield was achieved at 79 %. Under environmental conditions in Arequipa, biodiesel production achieved 21.21 % lipid content, demonstrating comparable efficiency to laboratory conditions (21.24 %). Environmental and laboratory conditions yielded similar biodiesel outputs, highlighting the feasibility of outdoor production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34388,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 101087"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143148190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The physicochemical properties of liquid biofuel derived from the pyrolysis of low-quality rubber waste","authors":"Preecha Moonsin ,&nbsp;Wuttichai Roschat ,&nbsp;Sunti Phewphong ,&nbsp;Sittichai Watthanalao ,&nbsp;Bunterm Maneerat ,&nbsp;Supakorn Arthan ,&nbsp;Aekkaphon Thammayod ,&nbsp;Tappagorn Leelatam ,&nbsp;Boonyawan Yoosuk ,&nbsp;Pathompong Janetaisong ,&nbsp;Vinich Promarak","doi":"10.1016/j.cscee.2024.101085","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscee.2024.101085","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research explores the potential of low-quality rubber waste as a feedstock for liquid biofuel production via pyrolysis, achieving a conversion rate of 65–70 %. The study presents a comprehensive analysis of waste rubber pyrolysis oil (WRPO) using FT-IR, ¹H and ¹³C NMR, and GC-MS techniques to identify its chemical composition and fuel properties. FT-IR analysis reveals a complex mixture of saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons, aromatic rings, and oxygenated compounds, while NMR analysis confirms the diverse chemical structure of WRPO. GC-MS identifies key compounds, including <span>d</span>-Limonene, Dimethyl phthalate, Methyl hexadecanoate, and Oleic acid methyl ester, with 18.49 % saturated hydrocarbons and 81.51 % unsaturated hydrocarbons. The TGA results show that WRPO exhibits evaporation and thermal decomposition characteristics similar to B10 diesel, with evaporation beginning below 40 °C and complete decomposition at 300 °C, highlighting its potential as an efficient and environmentally friendly biofuel. Fuel property testing reveals WRPO has a kinematic viscosity of 1.47 cSt, a density of 785 kg/m³, and favorable low pour and cloud points (&lt;−5 °C), making it suitable for cold climates. However, WRPO has a lower heating value of 9675 kcal/kg compared to B10 diesel (11083 kcal/kg) and a high acid number of 4.24 mg KOH/g, which may lead to oxidation and corrosion. In conclusion, WRPO shows considerable promise as a biofuel but would benefit from blending with higher-energy fuels, such as B10 diesel, palm oil biodiesel, or waste cooking oil biodiesel, to improve its stability, combustion efficiency, and heating value. This blending strategy enhances WRPO's potential for sustainable biofuel production and engine use.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34388,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 101085"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143148593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coexistence of microplastic particles and heavy metals in landfill leachate: A case study of a landfill in Indonesia","authors":"Puji Lestari ,&nbsp;Gani Purwiandono ,&nbsp;Almira Nur Amalia ,&nbsp;Esty Khoirina Indah Ma’Rufi ,&nbsp;Muhammad Rafli Firdaus ,&nbsp;Dhandhun Wacano","doi":"10.1016/j.cscee.2024.101082","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscee.2024.101082","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Landfill leachate is a known source of environmental contaminants, including microplastics and heavy metals, which pose significant risks to ecosystems and human health. This study investigates the presence of microplastics and their associated heavy metals in leachate from the Piyungan landfill in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Sample preparations included wet peroxide oxidation and density separation using a saturated sodium chloride solution. The analysis of microplastics was performed using an optical microscopy and an Attenuated-Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. Heavy metals' concentration in leachate and microplastics was quantified using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The abundance of microplastics in leachate ranged from 2100 ± 1301 to 4385 ± 1350 particles/L, with older landfill leachate exhibiting higher concentrations of microplastics. The dominant forms of microplastics are black fragments and films. The detected polymers include high-density polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene (PP), and polyamide polymers. With zinc being the most prevalent heavy metal, followed by Pb, Cr, Cu, and Cd, the concentration of heavy metals in the leachate dramatically decreased following the leachate treatment. Zn, Cu, and Cd enrichment was significant on the identified microplastics, but not for Pb and Cr. The attachment of heavy metals onto microplastics was influenced by many factors, including the heavy metal concentration. Zn showed the highest accumulation on microplastic particles. This study highlights the potential of some toxic heavy metals to accumulate on microplastic particles and to co-transport from landfill leachate to surrounding ecosystems. Thus, the improved landfill treatment technologies and strategies to mitigate the environmental impact of microplastic-heavy metal interactions are necessary.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34388,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 101082"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143148197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physico-chemical characterization of natural nano calcium extracted from different fish bones in catfish (Clarias gariepinus) and snakehead fish (Channa striata)","authors":"Sri Fatmawati ,&nbsp;Siti Mualimatul Istiqomah ,&nbsp;Nur Hasanah ,&nbsp;Maria Elfiana Ina Kewa Helan ,&nbsp;Mardi Santoso ,&nbsp;Zjahra Vianita Nugraheni ,&nbsp;Nurul Jadid ,&nbsp;Annis Catur Adi ,&nbsp;Heni Rachmawati","doi":"10.1016/j.cscee.2024.101080","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscee.2024.101080","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Amidst a rapidly aging population, osteoporosis, a condition that causes weakened, fragile bones due to deteriorating bone structure, has become a significant public health concern in Indonesia. Prevention strategies focus on increasing calcium-rich food intake. Fish bones, typically discarded as waste, offer a valuable alternative for calcium due to their high content, similar to traditional supplements. However, calcium absorption from fish bone flour is limited, leading to potential deficiencies. Nanotechnology addresses this by reducing calcium particles to nanoscale, significantly improving bioavailability. This research explores the potential of naturally occurring nano-calcium derived from various fish bones. The particle size analysis of fish bone powder (FBP) revealed that all samples were in the nanometer range (393.30 and 744.93 nm). The Fourier Transform Infrared spectra confirmed the presence of amide peaks, such as amide I (1649-1662 cm⁻¹), amide II (1548-1552 cm⁻¹), amide III (1242-1244 cm⁻¹), and phosphate (565–569 and 605 cm⁻¹). The field emission scanning electron microscopy identified FBP as calcite. The Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis showed that snakehead FBP had the highest CaO content, while the X-Ray Diffraction spectra pattern determined that catfish FBP exhibited the highest crystallinity. The nutritional analysis indicated that catfish FBP contained more ash, lipids, calcium, and phosphorus, while snakehead FBP was richer in protein (53.25 ± 0.94 %). These results suggest that nanotechnology enhances the calcium content in fish bones, transforming what is typically considered waste into a valuable natural source of nano-calcium to address deficiencies and improve bone health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34388,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 101080"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143148191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}