Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Epilithic biofilm as a potential biomonitor for microplastics contamination in Brantas River of Malang City, Indonesia","authors":"Wresti L. Anggayasti ,&nbsp;Zulkisam Pramudia ,&nbsp;Yogita A.D. Susanti ,&nbsp;Ilham Misbakudin Al Zamzami ,&nbsp;Khibar Syiar Moehammad ,&nbsp;I Nyoman Gede Wardana ,&nbsp;Andi Kurniawan","doi":"10.1016/j.cscee.2024.101083","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscee.2024.101083","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite being an efficient bioremediation agent, aquatic biofilm's usefulness as a biomonitor has not been explored extensively. This study disclosed the potential of epilithic biofilm as biomonitor by comparing its metagenomics with water quality parameters and microplastic count in Brantas River. Metagenomics showed the epilithic biofilm was dominated by Exiguobacterium, which recognizes and degrades microplastics, along with Rhodobacterium and Rhizobiales. For the first time, biofilm microbes and their respective roles were discovered to correspond to the total microplastic counts in comparison with BOD as the only transgressing physicochemical parameter. Thus, epilithic biofilm is a potential biomonitor for riverine microplastic contaminations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34388,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 101083"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143148594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organochlorine and organophosphate residues in lettuce and green pepper in Ghana's mega city","authors":"Bernard Fei-Baffoe ,&nbsp;Ernestina Gawu ,&nbsp;Ebenezer Ebo Yahans Amuah ,&nbsp;Alfredina Sangber-Dery ,&nbsp;Lyndon Nii Adjiri Sackey ,&nbsp;Nang Biyogue Douti","doi":"10.1016/j.cscee.2024.101072","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscee.2024.101072","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Over the last decade, pesticide use in agriculture has helped protect crops but left residues in food, posing health risks. This study analyzed organochlorine (Delta-HCH and Beta-HCH) and organophosphate (chlorpyrifos and dimethoate) residues in lettuce and green pepper from two communities in Ghana. Thirty-one farmers were surveyed, and samples were tested using Gas Chromatography. Chlorpyrifos, found in lettuce from Legon farm at 0.1403–0.2291 mg/kg, exceeded EU and USA Maximum Residue Limits, while green pepper contained no residues. Findings emphasize the need for ongoing pesticide monitoring and public education to ensure food safety and health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34388,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 101072"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143148675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel-activated carbon from waste green coconut husks for the synthesis of biodiesel from pig fat oil blends with tallow seed oil","authors":"E.O. Babatunde ,&nbsp;S. Enomah ,&nbsp;O.M. Akwenuke ,&nbsp;T.F. Adepoju ,&nbsp;C.O. Okwelum ,&nbsp;M.M. Mundu ,&nbsp;A. Aiki ,&nbsp;O.D. Oghenejabor","doi":"10.1016/j.cscee.2024.101058","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscee.2024.101058","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, biodiesel was synthesized from blends of pig fat oil (PFO) with tallow seed oil (TSO) in the presence of a novel activated carbon ash (ACA). Pig fat was rendered in a cooker to form pig fat oil (PFO), while the tallow seed was extracted using a Soxhlet extractor. The two oils were blended to achieve a single acidic blend oil. C₂₂H₃₆O₃ acid was isolated from cashew nut husk (CNH) and was used to esterify the high-acidity blend oil. The esterified oil was converted to biodiesel in the presence of activated carbon ash (ACA) developed from green coconut husk (GCH). The produced ACA was characterized using proximate and ultimate analysis, AAS, FTIR, SEM, and BET adsorption analysis. The properties of the biodiesel were determined and compared with the recommended standards.</div><div>Results show that the blends of 70:30 (PFO:TSO) were able to produce an acidic oil. The C₂₂H₃₆O₃ acid concentration was titrimetrically obtained as 5.07 M, while the acidic blends oil was reduced to 2.10 mg KOH/g oil. The ultimate and proximate analysis indicated that the GCH ACA was highly rich in carbon with 80.42 % and 85.52 % wt. It was observed that GCH is an exfoliant that absorbed water content in the oil during transesterification. At a reaction temperature of 80 °C, a GCH ACA conc., of 2 % (wt./wt.), a production period of 70 min, and a MOH/EOMR of 1:5.76, the CCRD statistical analysis predicted a value of 98.759 % (wt./wt.). The mean average of 97.672 % (wt./wt.) was obtained after replicate experiments as validated value. The biodiesel that is produced complies with the recommended guidelines. This study suggested that biodiesel production using activated carbon produced from green coconut husks and waste biomass can be referred to as the most economically viable process. The study recommends that other solid waste husks can be harnessed for the synthesis of activated carbon ashes for their applications as catalysts in industries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34388,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 101058"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143148674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the physical and chemical characteristics of waste excavated from an open dump site for sustainable waste management","authors":"Reba Anindyajati Pratama,&nbsp;Sri Wahyono,&nbsp;Firman Laili Sahwan,&nbsp;Feddy Suryanto,&nbsp;Muhammad Hanif,&nbsp;Wiharja,&nbsp;Prihartanto,&nbsp;Prasetiyadi,&nbsp;Suprapto,&nbsp;Regina Dea Tilottama,&nbsp;Sarkiwan,&nbsp;Diyono","doi":"10.1016/j.cscee.2024.101069","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscee.2024.101069","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Waste management is a global concern with significant environmental and socio-economic impacts. In Indonesia, particularly in Serang City, challenges in waste processing are prevalent. This study explores the characteristics of waste and potential valorization strategies at the Cilowong disposal site. It involves sampling, physical and chemical composition testing, and nutrient content analysis. The waste density analysis reveals consistent values similar to other regional landfills. Fractionation indicates that materials under 10 mm have higher densities than those over 10 mm, with plastics dominating the larger fraction. Specifically, materials over 10 mm account for 59.88%, while those under 10 mm comprise 40.12%. The composition analysis highlights a high proportion of unsorted residual waste and plastics, with compost and biowaste showing decomposition. Notably, challenges in meeting standards for Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) and compost quality highlight the necessity for pretreatment. The caloric value of the waste is 2,158 Kcal/kg, with a moisture content of 42.45% and ash content of 56.21%. Despite these values, the waste from Cilowong shows potential for RDF production and waste-to-energy applications. However, 1 mg/kg mercury contamination in compost raises concerns about its suitability for food crops. The fine fraction from landfill mining could serve alternative purposes, such as soil cover and environmental remediation. Effective waste valorization strategies are essential for improving landfill capacity and creating sustainable waste management solutions, especially for larger (&gt;10 mm) and smaller (&lt;10 mm) waste fractions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34388,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 101069"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143148195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proximal sensor integration for land use classification and soil analysis in a coastal environment","authors":"Sabrina Sharmeen Alam ,&nbsp;Somsubhra Chakraborty ,&nbsp;Fariha Chowdhury Jain ,&nbsp;Shovik Deb ,&nbsp;Rachna Singh ,&nbsp;David C. Weindorf","doi":"10.1016/j.cscee.2024.101079","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscee.2024.101079","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Portable X-ray fluorescence (PXRF) and Nix Pro sensors are efficient tools for rapid in-situ soil analysis. This study combined PXRF and Nix Pro to classify land use and characterize soils from Sandwip Island, Bangladesh. Soil samples from agricultural, abandoned, and seashore areas were analyzed for EC, pH, organic carbon, and texture. Random forest model achieved 84 % classification accuracy, outperforming support vector machines (72 %). Significant soil salinity and management variations were noted, particularly in seashore areas. The findings highlight the potential of these sensors for sustainable soil monitoring, with future work needed to expand applicability to diverse regions and soil types.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34388,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 101079"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143148671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis, identification and application of a new ionic liquid based on 1-vinylimidazole, immobilized on graphene oxide nanosheets","authors":"Masoumeh Mirhasani ,&nbsp;Reza Sandaroos ,&nbsp;Behrooz Maleki ,&nbsp;Sahar Peiman","doi":"10.1016/j.cscee.2024.101063","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscee.2024.101063","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this research, a novel catalyst GO@[PBVIm]HSO₄, which is an acidic polymer ionic liquid supported on a graphene oxide substrate, was synthesized. First, (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane was attached as a linker to the prepared graphene oxide. In the next step, 1-butyl vinyl imidazolium bromide was used to synthesize the expected polymer catalyst on a solid support. The efficiency of this catalyst was used in various organic chemical reactions such as the synthesis of chromene, xanthene, and dihydropyrimidinone derivatives. Short reaction time, suitable temperature, excellent yield of products, and very good activity of recycled catalyst are among the advantages of this heterogeneous catalyst synthesis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34388,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 101063"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143148677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of liquid fuel production from co-pyrolysis of oil palm fronds and expanded polystyrene using response surface methodology","authors":"Alisyah Putri Desvi Takahasi ,&nbsp;Dieni Mansur ,&nbsp;Wegik Dwi Prasetyo ,&nbsp;Sabar Pangihutan Simanungkalit ,&nbsp;Wido Lesar Ignasius Purba ,&nbsp;Wahyu Anggo Rizal ,&nbsp;Ariyanti Sarwono ,&nbsp;Yelita Anggiane Iskandar","doi":"10.1016/j.cscee.2024.101074","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscee.2024.101074","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The transformation of plastic and biomass waste into fuel promotes sustainable energy alternatives and efficient waste management. In this study, liquid fuel production from co-pyrolysis of oil palm fronds (PF) and expanded polystyrene (EPS) was experimentally investigated in a fixed-bed reactor. The effect of process temperature (T, 300–500 °C), and PF-to-EPS ratio (R, 0.1 to 9) on pyrolysis oil yield (Y_PO) and PAH's composition (PAH_C) was studied using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) based on Central Composite Design (CCD). PF-to-EPS ratio (R) was found to be the most significant process parameter for determining the Y_PO, while T was the most influential process parameter affecting PAH_C. The maximum pyrolysis oil yield of 80.11 wt% and minimum PAH composition of 20.63 % area was obtained at an optimum T of 395 °C and 0.1 R. The pyrolysis oil also contained benzene with a concentration below the established standards. The pyrolysis oil produced under optimum conditions had a calorific value of 41.56 MJ/kg, kinematic viscosity at 40 °C of 0.85 mm²/s, density at 15 °C of 0.93 g/cm³, water content of 0.24 wt%, acidity of 3.46 mg KOH/g, and a flash point of 26.05 °C. Pyrolysis oil can potentially improve gasoline's octane rating because of its high aromatic compound content.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34388,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 101074"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143148188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced mechanical and thermal performance of Paederia foetida fiber-magnesium/epoxy composites: A sustainable solution for automotive and aerospace industries","authors":"Nasmi Herlina Sari ,&nbsp;Suteja ,&nbsp;Hasrul Anas ,&nbsp;Apip Amrullah ,&nbsp;Melbi Mahardika","doi":"10.1016/j.cscee.2024.101077","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscee.2024.101077","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There's a constant need for strong, lightweight polymer composites in the automotive, aerospace, and military industries nowadays. The purpose of this work is to examine the mechanical, tribological, and thermal characteristics of composites made of magnesium powder and <em>Paederia foetida</em> fiber (PFs). In this study, the hot press method was utilized to create PFs/Mg/epoxy composites. PFs have been calculated to be 5 % and 10 % (% vol.) with varying Mg concentrations of 10 %, 15 %, and 20 %, in that order. They underwent analysis and comparison for their tensile strength, bending strength, and thermal and tribological properties. The findings of this study demonstrate that the composite containing 10 % PFs and 15 % Mg (KB sample) provides the maximum tensile strength of 38.17 ± 1.65 MPa, the highest flexural strength of close to 70 MPa, and is heat resistant. As the amount of magnesium powder increases, tribology analysis using mass wear intensity and linear wear intensity tends to be low. When 20 % magnesium is added, composites with a fiber volume fraction of 10 % exhibit better overall characteristics than composites with a fiber percentage of 5 %. Tensile test findings for the composite fracture's morphology indicate a rather robust interaction between PFs-Mg and epoxy. These PFs/Mg composites are a prospective alternative for the automobile sector since they have improved mechanical, thermal, and wear qualities as well as sustainability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34388,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 101077"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143148669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Textile effluent treatment in a pilot-scale UASB bioreactor followed by biofilter and aerobic processes","authors":"M. Shohidullah Miah ,&nbsp;M. Shahadat Hossain ,&nbsp;Md Sohrab Ali ,&nbsp;Samiha Binte Shahid ,&nbsp;Shaila Sharmin ,&nbsp;H.M. Zakir","doi":"10.1016/j.cscee.2024.101075","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscee.2024.101075","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents an overview of an industrial textile effluent treatment for 12 years of 24-h operating conditions in the UASB (up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket) bioreactor, followed by a biofilter and aerobic processes. The textile effluent pollution parameters, such as pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), color, and total dissolved solids (TDS), were tested at 3-month intervals. The raw textile wastewater consisted of dark in color (405 ± 15 Pt–Co scale), high pH (12 ± 2.0), COD (2016 ± 1125 mg L⁻¹), temperature (65 ± 5 °C), TSS (250 ± 125 mg L⁻¹) and TDS (9000 ± 1200 mg L⁻¹). The UASB bioreactor was more effective for removing 55.0% of COD, 84.0% of TSS, and 80.7% of color. The biofilter removed TDS (39.0%) and increased the DO level effectively, while the aerobic process was found less effective in removing color from the textile effluent. The combination of the UASB, biofilter, and aerobic processes effectively removed 93.05% of COD and 86.41% of color at the maximum organic loading rate (OLR) with 52.64 hrs of hydraulic retention time (HRT). Among the other pollution parameters, the combined system had an overall removal efficiency of 96.0% of TSS and 77.8% of TDS. This system also raised the DO level from 0.0 to 6.04 ± 1.02 mg L⁻¹, and the pH of the final treated effluent was neutral. This study concludes that the combined process is a workable option for treating textile effluent, which fulfills the national standard of effluent quality for discharging to the environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34388,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 101075"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143148672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling microfiber emissions: A comprehensive analysis of household washing activities and mitigation measures","authors":"Rawintra Eamrat ,&nbsp;Tatchai Pussayanavin ,&nbsp;Somporn Tanatvanit ,&nbsp;Yuttana Niyompong ,&nbsp;Kamonrat Kwamman ,&nbsp;Suphatchai Rujakom ,&nbsp;Achara Taweesan","doi":"10.1016/j.cscee.2024.101070","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscee.2024.101070","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The shedding of microfibers from synthetic textiles during laundry significantly contributes to microplastic pollution in various environments. Despite growing awareness, the contribution of microfiber emissions from actual household washing machines and the potential influences of washing activities on their release remain inadequately understood. This study aims to quantify and characterize microfibers generated from different washing programs in actual household washing activities. It proposes optimal conditions for washing machine activities to effectively mitigate the environmental consequences of microfiber contamination using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The results indicated that types of washing machines, speed of configuration and cycle duration significantly impact on microfiber release quantities. The estimated microfiber releases for the daily, quick, and delicate programs from the front-loading machine were 62.82 ± 6.29 mg/kg, 48.56 ± 15.85 mg/kg, and 12.73 ± 3.04 mg/kg, while the top-loading machine exhibited microfiber release levels of approximately 69.26 ± 3.44 mg/kg, 38.35 ± 5.54 mg/kg and 7.50 ± 2.51 mg/kg, as washing load of 4.21 kg, respectively. Polyester was identified as the predominant polymer, with an average fiber length of 1915 μm. The dominant colors of the fragments are white, dark blue, and red, which are related to the original household textiles test. The optimal conditions for reducing microfiber emissions include using a rotational speed of 1450 rpm and a cycle duration of 1.7 hours, alongside selecting appropriate washing programs with optimal durations to minimize releases during household laundry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34388,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 101070"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143148685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}