IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation最新文献_第6页

Temperature-Dependent Over-the-Air Measurements of Total Isotropic Sensitivity for Minimum Uncertainty 最小不确定度下总各向同性灵敏度的温度相关空中测量

IF 3.5

IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation Pub Date : 2025-02-20 DOI: 10.1109/OJAP.2025.3543916

Jiyu Wu;Francesco de Paulis;Yihong Qi

{"title":"Temperature-Dependent Over-the-Air Measurements of Total Isotropic Sensitivity for Minimum Uncertainty","authors":"Jiyu Wu;Francesco de Paulis;Yihong Qi","doi":"10.1109/OJAP.2025.3543916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJAP.2025.3543916","url":null,"abstract":"Characterizing the receiving performance of a radio system in current and future commercial communication devices is a significant concern for ensuring the reception of good quality signals and, more importantly, a reliable and stable connection to the base station antenna. The receiver performances are evaluated following the standardized method based on the total isotropic sensitivity (TIS) measurement. However, the current standard may not be accurate as it assumes that transmitters operate at their maximum power levels, which is not always true in real-world usage. Furthermore, different devices have varying maximum power levels, and the radio sensitivity measured depends on the device’s current temperature; therefore, it is affected by heat generation and dissipation. This can lead to ambiguity in TIS measurements. To address this, this paper suggests a new TIS method that measures TIS at the device’s thermally stable condition, thus redefining TIS not a single value but rather as a function of the transmitter’s power, reducing uncertainty and ambiguity in TIS measurements for wireless and 5G devices. Based on measurement results in this paper, the TIS measurement exhibits a variability of up to 1 dB due to the effects of temperature and transmitting power levels, distinct from the inherent measurement uncertainty of 0.28 dB specified by the standard. A more complex yet accurate measurement procedure is proposed while varying the power level. The proposed method is applied and experimentally verified, demonstrating its usefulness to extract the TIS profile instead of a single value, with a result of the TIS variation as a function of the transmitting power.","PeriodicalId":34267,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":"6 3","pages":"705-714"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10896760","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144170828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reflective and Transmissive Linear Polarization Rotators: A Review 反射和透射线偏振旋转器：综述

IF 3.5

IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation Pub Date : 2025-02-19 DOI: 10.1109/OJAP.2025.3543633

Ahmed Abdelmottaleb Omar

{"title":"Reflective and Transmissive Linear Polarization Rotators: A Review","authors":"Ahmed Abdelmottaleb Omar","doi":"10.1109/OJAP.2025.3543633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJAP.2025.3543633","url":null,"abstract":"This article provides a comprehensive literature review of design principles and topologies for both reflective and transmissive polarization rotators. It begins with an overview of polarization rotators and their applications, setting the stage for an in-depth exploration of design methodologies. Reflective polarization rotator designs are first discussed, focusing on two primary approaches: tilted resonators and coupled current techniques. The article then examines various strategies for designing transmissive polarization rotators, including tilted resonators between grids, coupled currents, substrate-integrated waveguides, aperture coupling, meander lines, multilayer inclined wire gratings, and electromagnetic wave coupling techniques. Additionally, the review covers polarization rotators based on the 3D frequency selective surfaces design principle. The article also presents a range of design examples from existing literature and concludes with a discussion of absorptive polarization rotator designs. This review highlights some important gaps in current research on polarization rotators, offering a roadmap for future studies. By pointing out areas where existing methods are insufficient, it aims to guide researchers in tackling these challenges.","PeriodicalId":34267,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":"6 3","pages":"633-644"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10892298","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144170919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Synthesis of Shaped-Beam Radiation Patterns With Efficient Optimization Algorithm 基于高效优化算法的异形束辐射图合成

IF 3.5

IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation Pub Date : 2025-02-19 DOI: 10.1109/OJAP.2025.3543576

Ting Zang;Gaobiao Xiao

引用次数: 0

Evaluating Vegetation Attenuation Characteristics at the 300-GHz Band 300 ghz波段植被衰减特性评价

IF 3.5

IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation Pub Date : 2025-02-19 DOI: 10.1109/OJAP.2025.3543518

Keisuke Matsui;Hiroaki Nakabayashi;Akihiko Hirata

{"title":"Evaluating Vegetation Attenuation Characteristics at the 300-GHz Band","authors":"Keisuke Matsui;Hiroaki Nakabayashi;Akihiko Hirata","doi":"10.1109/OJAP.2025.3543518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJAP.2025.3543518","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the seasonal variation in vegetation loss and the effects of moving foliage on signal propagation at the 300 GHz band. The variation in vegetation loss across seasons aligns well with the ITU-R model when parameters are adjusted for the month exhibiting maximum vegetation loss. During leafless seasons, slow fading is characterized by a frequency component below 0.2 Hz and occurs predominantly due to branch vibrations caused by wind. In environments where foliage consistently obstructs the line of sight between transmitter and receiver (quasi-line-of-sight, QLOS), rapid fading occurs due to foliage movement, with frequency components reaching up to 20 Hz. Both slow and rapid fading patterns in vegetation loss approximate the Nakagami distribution. Conversely, when foliage is sparse and wind causes intermittent shifts between line-of-sight and QLOS conditions, neither the Rician nor Nakagami models adequately represent the experimental data. This discrepancy is primarily due to significant variations in median vegetation loss values depending on whether the propagation path is obstructed by foliage. This study provides new insights into the dynamics of vegetation-induced signal fading at the 300 GHz band and demonstrates that seasonal variations significantly influence propagation characteristics.","PeriodicalId":34267,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":"6 2","pages":"621-629"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10892210","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143706810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fixed-Frequency 2-D Wide-Angle Scanning Leaky-Wave Array With Reconfigurable Probe-Fed Magneto-Electric Dipole 可重构探针馈入磁电偶极子的定频二维广角扫描漏波阵列

IF 3.5

IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation Pub Date : 2025-02-18 DOI: 10.1109/OJAP.2025.3543251

Kai Qin;Bingjie Xiang;Kwai-Man Luk

{"title":"Fixed-Frequency 2-D Wide-Angle Scanning Leaky-Wave Array With Reconfigurable Probe-Fed Magneto-Electric Dipole","authors":"Kai Qin;Bingjie Xiang;Kwai-Man Luk","doi":"10.1109/OJAP.2025.3543251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJAP.2025.3543251","url":null,"abstract":"A new 2-D scanning leaky-wave antenna (LWA) design is proposed, with a scanning range larger than competitors. It consists of a 1-bit reconfigurable magneto-electric (ME) dipole array and a pillbox beam-forming network (BFN). The probe-fed ME dipole is minimized to fit the holographic method and is introduced in LWA for the first time. A p-i-n diode is loaded in the L-shaped directly-fed probe to control whether it radiates. The dispersion characteristic of the linear LWA is examined to validate the effectiveness of the holographic method. A procedure is proposed to select the port and hologram for any-angle 2-D beam scanning. The prototype is fabricated and measured, and the results demonstrate the improved scanning range. The scanning range under the 3 dB gain decline condition covers ±54° across the broadside in the H-plane and ±37° in the E-plane in simulation. This design has the advantage of a wider scanning angle, 2-D scanning capability, and low cost. It may find applications in sensing, base stations, and vehicle communications.","PeriodicalId":34267,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":"6 2","pages":"613-620"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10891697","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143706811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Metamaterial-Based Wide-Angle Scanning Circularly Polarized Phased Array With Stable Gain 基于稳定增益的超材料广角扫描圆极化相控阵

IF 3.5

IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation Pub Date : 2025-02-12 DOI: 10.1109/OJAP.2025.3541235

Xiangyu Yin;Wu Ren;Zhenghui Xue;Weiming Li

{"title":"Metamaterial-Based Wide-Angle Scanning Circularly Polarized Phased Array With Stable Gain","authors":"Xiangyu Yin;Wu Ren;Zhenghui Xue;Weiming Li","doi":"10.1109/OJAP.2025.3541235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJAP.2025.3541235","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a wide-angle scanning circularly polarized phased array with stable gain is proposed. The proposed antenna array is composed of truncated microstrip antennas, four rows of mushroom metamaterials, and two tensor holographic metasurfaces. The mushroom metamaterials generate TM10 mode on the same plane as the antenna elements, compensating for the imbalance between horizontal and vertical polarization when the beam pattern of the phased array is steered to a wide-angle point. Meanwhile, the tensor holographic metasurfaces convert surface waves into circularly polarized leaky waves, which superimpose on the radiation of the antenna array, thereby improving the axis ratio and increasing the realized gain. Furthermore, an eight-element linear phased array with the circularly polarized and scanning gain enhanced metamaterials are fabricated. The measured results show that the axial ratio of the proposed wide-angle scanning antenna array remains below 3 dB, the scanning range is from −60° to 65°, and the gain fluctuation is less than 1.8 dB in the operating frequency range 10.1-10.7 GHz. In general, the proposed antenna array loaded metamaterials have the advantages of stable scanning gain, low profile and easy to fabricate, thus satisfying the requirements of satellite and radar applications.","PeriodicalId":34267,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":"6 2","pages":"594-602"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10883338","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143706697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dual-Mode, Dual-Polarization Fully-Woven Textile Antenna for Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer Applications in the 2.4 GHz Band 2.4 GHz频段双模双极化全编织纺织天线用于同时无线信息和电力传输

IF 3.5

IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation Pub Date : 2025-02-12 DOI: 10.1109/OJAP.2025.3541420

Miguel Fernández;Carlos Vázquez;Samuel Ver Hoeye

{"title":"Dual-Mode, Dual-Polarization Fully-Woven Textile Antenna for Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer Applications in the 2.4 GHz Band","authors":"Miguel Fernández;Carlos Vázquez;Samuel Ver Hoeye","doi":"10.1109/OJAP.2025.3541420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJAP.2025.3541420","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, a dual-mode, dual-polarization fully-woven textile antenna for simultaneous wireless information and power transfer in the 2.4 GHz band is presented. It is based on a square patch with two independent ports. The first port is implemented with an offset T-match structure, to which a singlediode rectifier is connected. The selected feeding technique allows to obtain complex-conjugate impedance matching with the rectifier and right-hand circular polarization for the wireless power transfer mode. On the other hand, for the information transfer mode, a coaxial probe is used to excite the antenna with left-hand circular polarization, in order to minimize the coupling between both modes. The combination of fully-woven technology with the implementation of the rectifier on a carrier thread provides a high degree of integration and robustness. A prototype was implemented and experimentally characterized, showing good agreement with simulation results. Furthermore, the measured RF-DC conversion efficiency in the wireless power transfer mode is about 50% when the available power at the rectifier input is -10 dBm, which is comparable with the state of the art for textile rectennas.","PeriodicalId":34267,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":"6 2","pages":"603-612"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10883645","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143706696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dual-Fed DRA Subarrays Featuring Versatile Polarization Reconfigurability With High Port Isolation and Suppressed Cross-Polar Radiations 双馈DRA子阵列具有高端口隔离和抑制交叉极辐射的多功能偏振可重构性

IF 3.5

IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation Pub Date : 2025-02-04 DOI: 10.1109/OJAP.2025.3538686

Satyajit Chakrabarti;Debatosh Guha

{"title":"Dual-Fed DRA Subarrays Featuring Versatile Polarization Reconfigurability With High Port Isolation and Suppressed Cross-Polar Radiations","authors":"Satyajit Chakrabarti;Debatosh Guha","doi":"10.1109/OJAP.2025.3538686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJAP.2025.3538686","url":null,"abstract":"near square Dielectric Resonator Antenna (DRA) geometry with dual-aperture feeding has been explored. This aims in achieving a number of attractive features from a standalone unit as well as a 4-element subarray. Unlike the earlier designs, it demonstrates four reconfigurable polarization states which are realized by conceiving a new near square shape of the DRA along with a novel feeding concept, proposed for the first time. They enable the subarray to significantly enhance the cross-polar discrimination (XPD). The design principles for dual-linear and dual-circular polarizations have been demonstrated and experimentally verified using a set of S-band prototypes. A dedicated digital phase network cum controller incorporating active switches has also been fabricated for practical examinations. A standalone prototype exhibits over 24.59% 10-dB return loss bandwidth at both ports with more than 40 dB inter-port isolation. It promises about 5.9 dBi/dBic consistent peak gain for all polarization states with more than 20 dB XPD. The subarray prototype reveals comparable 10-dB return loss bandwidths with more than 30 dB port-isolation and 25 dB XPD. The peak gain appears consistently around 11 dBi/dBic for all polarization states.","PeriodicalId":34267,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":"6 2","pages":"560-577"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10870296","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143698172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Stability Analysis of the EFIE-IBC Formulation and Regularization via Spatial Filtering EFIE-IBC 公式的稳定性分析和通过空间滤波进行正则化

IF 3.5

IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation Pub Date : 2025-02-04 DOI: 10.1109/OJAP.2025.3538797

Margaux Bruliard;Marcello Zucchi;Giuseppe Vecchi

{"title":"Stability Analysis of the EFIE-IBC Formulation and Regularization via Spatial Filtering","authors":"Margaux Bruliard;Marcello Zucchi;Giuseppe Vecchi","doi":"10.1109/OJAP.2025.3538797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJAP.2025.3538797","url":null,"abstract":"The Impedance Boundary Condition (IBC) is a homogenization approximation of great importance, especially in the design of metasurfaces. However, the standard Electric-Field Integral-Equation formulation of the IBC boundary-value problem (EFIE-IBC) has been shown to lead to numerical instabilities for some impedance ranges of practical interest, in particular inductive reactances. This contribution shows that the numerical instabilities are due to an intrinsic ill-conditioning of the EFIE-IBC operator for the concerned surface impedance values, that can degenerate into an ill-posedness that does not allow for definite solution. Hence, the stable discretization of the EFIE-IBC operator requires a regularization. The analysis leads to a proposed regularization by systematically limiting the wavenumber spectrum of the basis functions, which amounts to a spatial filtering. This is implemented using entire-domain basis functions. Given the possible ill-posedness, we devise two “ground truth” test examples starting from a physical metasurface, then approximated via IBC. Comparison to ground truth results shows that the standard EFIE-IBC may lead to significant errors, and that these may be challenging to detect. Conversely, the regularized system yields stable results that well match the ground truth of the physical structure of which the IBC is an approximation.","PeriodicalId":34267,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":"6 2","pages":"578-593"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10870329","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143698303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Sub-Aperture-Based Calibration Algorithm for MIMO Antenna Arrays 一种基于子孔径的MIMO天线阵列标定算法

IF 3.5

IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation Pub Date : 2025-01-31 DOI: 10.1109/OJAP.2025.3537681

Matthias Linder;Daniel Schmidt;Dominik Schwarz;Nico Riese;Christian Waldschmidt

{"title":"A Sub-Aperture-Based Calibration Algorithm for MIMO Antenna Arrays","authors":"Matthias Linder;Daniel Schmidt;Dominik Schwarz;Nico Riese;Christian Waldschmidt","doi":"10.1109/OJAP.2025.3537681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJAP.2025.3537681","url":null,"abstract":"In order to ensure high-resolution angle estimation results, antenna apertures of radar sensors become large relative to the wavelength. To prevent high sidelobe levels, the number of antennas is constantly increased, generally through the employment of multiple-input multiple-output operation. As systems become larger relative to the wavelength, influences of near-field effects in calibration measurements become more critical. To achieve precise calibrations despite near-field effects, calibration algorithms must be developed further. This paper proposes the deployment of sub-apertures to avoid near-field effects and to reduce the calibration effort, which is in this work related to the number of measuring points in the calibration measurement. An algorithm to create beneficial sub-apertures from a large array based on clustering is described. This allows the far-field distance to be reduced, as well as the effort required for state-of-the-art calibration methods, which depends on the aperture size. The trade-off between the benefits and error propagations as well as other limitations by the deployment of an increasing number of sub-apertures is demonstrated by simulations and measurements. Exemplary measurements show that even for large arrays in compact measuring chambers, far-field like conditions can be created. Finally, it is exemplarily demonstrated that the measurement effort is decreased by nearly 93 percent compared to a conventional calibration approach.","PeriodicalId":34267,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":"6 2","pages":"548-559"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10869335","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143698270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0