IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation最新文献

{"title":"Wideband Series-Fed Patch Antenna Array With High Gain and Low Sidelobe: Linearly and Circularly Polarized for 5G V2X Applications","authors":"Khaled A. Alblaihed, Abdoalbaset Abohmra, Masood Ur Rehman, Qammer H. Abbasi, Muhammad A. Imran, Lina Mohjazi","doi":"10.1109/ojap.2024.3424330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojap.2024.3424330","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34267,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141572448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Study of Wideband and Compact Slot Antennas Utilizing Special Dispersive Materials","authors":"Xiantao Yang;Ilkan Calisir;Lyuwei Chen;Elliot Leon Bennett;Jianliang Xiao;Yi Huang","doi":"10.1109/OJAP.2024.3424309","DOIUrl":"10.1109/OJAP.2024.3424309","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a novel technique for enhancing the slot antenna bandwidth using special dispersive materials for the first time. The dispersive material whose relative permittivity is inversely proportional to the frequency by the power of n is selected and exploited for antenna bandwidth enhancement and size reduction. The concept and theory behind this work are explored. A slot antenna loaded with the new material is proposed and it is shown that the bandwidth of slot antennas using the material with power \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>${n}{=}2$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 can be significantly improved with more than 4 times larger than the traditional case (\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>${n}{=}0$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000). The simulated and measured results show excellent properties for wideband improvement and miniaturization which further demonstrates that dispersive materials can open a new path for developing wideband devices and antennas for future wireless communication applications.","PeriodicalId":34267,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10587026","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141572449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultra-Wideband Frequency-Invariant Beamforming Using a Generalized Nesting Array","authors":"Taeho Yu;Jin Myeong Heo;Cheolsun Park;Yong Ku Jeon;Gangil Byun","doi":"10.1109/OJAP.2024.3424209","DOIUrl":"10.1109/OJAP.2024.3424209","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes an ultra-wideband frequency-invariant beamforming (FIB) using a generalized nesting array. To implement ultra-wideband (9:1 bandwidth ratio) FIB with a reduced number of array elements, the target frequency band is divided into subbands. The subarrays have integer multiples of inter-element spacing of half-wavelength at the maximum frequency according to the bandwidth ratio of subbands. Due to this integer multiple relationships, the array elements of the subarrays are superimposed so that the total number of array elements is reduced while maintaining FIB performance over the target frequency band. Then, the FIB weights are derived based on the desired beam pattern using the inverse Fourier transform. A Bartlett beamformer is used to generate FIB patterns of the proposed nesting array. In addition, we investigate the interrelationship between the minimum required number of array elements and design parameters (target bandwidth, beamwidth, and side lobe level). For validation, 21 printed log-periodic dipole array antennas are fabricated and measured. The direction finding performance is evaluated and compared to that of a 35-element uniform linear array. The direction of arrival (DoA) estimation results of the proposed array show a root-mean-square error of less than 2.02° for an incident angle within ±50° when a signal-to-noise ratio is 10 dB. It is demonstrated that the proposed array exhibits ultra-wideband FIB performance similar to a conventional uniform linear array but with much fewer elements.","PeriodicalId":34267,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10587016","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141572451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Proton Irradiated CMOS On-Chip Vivaldi Antenna for 300 GHz Band Slat Array Implementation","authors":"Hans Herdian;Chun Wang;Takeshi Inoue;Atsushi Shirane;Kenichi Okada","doi":"10.1109/OJAP.2024.3422426","DOIUrl":"10.1109/OJAP.2024.3422426","url":null,"abstract":"As the CMOS transceiver reaches the sub-millimeter wave operating frequency, its circuit area cannot keep up with the shrinkage of the \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$0.5 lambda_0 times 0.5 lambda_0$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 area limit for the typical 2-dimensional (2D) tile-based phased array topology. This article proposes an end-fire on-chip Vivaldi antenna on a standard 65-nm CMOS process for the 300 GHz band operation. The Vivaldi architecture was chosen for its broadband and end-fire radiation characteristics. End-fire antenna is required for slat array topology, which enables 2 D array implementation for transceivers with circuit area above \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$0.5 lambda_0 times 0.5 lambda_0$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000. The antenna length was shortened to maximize beamwidth and reduce area. Additionally, comb-shaped slots were added to suppress side lobes and back radiation caused by the short length. To prevent higher mode surface waves from distorting the antenna radiation pattern and reducing efficiency, the substrate was thinned to \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$50 mu mathrm{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000. A dual-layer proton irradiation process increases the substrate resistivity to \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$1 mathrm{k} Omega$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000-cm, allowing high-efficiency on-chip antenna implementation on low-cost CMOS processes. The manufactured on-chip Vivaldi antenna has an area of \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$0.45 lambda_0 times 0.45 lambda_0$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000, with measurement results showing 6 dBi gain with 1 dB flatness from 220 GHz to 320 GHz (37% bandwidth) and 76° E-plane beamwidth at 270 GHz with 87% efficiency. A \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$1 times 4$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 slat array implementation using the proposed on-chip Vivaldi antenna has been demonstrated, with measurement results showing a 56° beam steering range across the E-plane.","PeriodicalId":34267,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10584077","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141546548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical Optics and Reflection Locality in Designing Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces","authors":"Javad Shabanpour, Yongming Li, Sergei Tretyakov, Constantin Simovski","doi":"10.1109/ojap.2024.3422681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojap.2024.3422681","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34267,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141552379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analytic Approximation of Free-Space Path Loss for Implanted Antennas","authors":"Mingxiang Gao, Sujith Raman, Zvonimir Sipus, Anja K. Skrivervik","doi":"10.1109/ojap.2024.3421923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojap.2024.3421923","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34267,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141516996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circularly Polarized Reconfigurable Antenna Based on Liquid Metal Switching for Dual WiMAX Bands","authors":"Vahid Sharbati, Xiulong Bao, John J. Healy, Nan Zhang, Khatereh Nadali, Max J. Ammann","doi":"10.1109/ojap.2024.3421932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojap.2024.3421932","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34267,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141516994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On Embedded Element Radiation Function and Beam Direction of Wide-Scanning Array Antennas","authors":"Prabhat Khanal;Jian Yang","doi":"10.1109/OJAP.2024.3420764","DOIUrl":"10.1109/OJAP.2024.3420764","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a rigorous new analytical derivation of the theorem on the embedded element radiation function of ideally infinite planar array antennas, along with a formula for accurately calculating the main beam direction of finite-sized array antennas based on the theorem. It validates the previously established formula of the embedded element radiation function, where the amplitude is proportional to \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$sqrt {cos theta }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000, based on the intuitive reasoning that the effective area of an element should be proportional to its projected area in the direction of interest angle \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$theta $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000, provided that the array antenna has no grating lobes for the full scan, no surface waves, no losses, and active impedance matched. More importantly, the new analytical derivation can accurately predict the embedded element radiation function in cases where there are grating lobes for the array antenna with the full scan, which the intuitive area projection reasoning cannot provide. The theorem concludes that the array’s active element reflection coefficient and inter-element spacing fully determine the embedded element radiation function in all cases. Utilizing this theorem, a new formula for the element phase progression is derived to accurately steer the main beam in the desired direction of the array with a finite number of elements. Several verification cases of wide-scanning array antennas are presented, and the comparisons between numerical simulations, measurements, theoretical results, and some interesting conclusions are discussed in the paper.","PeriodicalId":34267,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10577453","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141507852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal Design of Low Sidelobe Sparse Linear Arrays","authors":"Li Wang;Fenggan Zhang;Banghuan Hou","doi":"10.1109/OJAP.2024.3417318","DOIUrl":"10.1109/OJAP.2024.3417318","url":null,"abstract":"To optimize the antenna performance in a sparse linear array (SLA) subject to specific constraints of the antenna aperture, number of elements and element spacing, this paper proposes an improved Differential Evolution (DE) algorithm integrating the Cauchy-Gauss mutation strategy. The initial value of the algorithm is generated through the chaotic Piecewise map, while the scaling factor is adjusted dynamically in line with the iterations and fitness values. When the algorithm indicates signs of premature convergence, the Cauchy-Gauss mutation strategy is applied to the population to escape local optima, so as to produce the global optimal solution. Standard function tests validate the effectiveness of the algorithm, proving its excellent accuracy and global search performance. Three diverse antenna-based simulation instances show that the improved algorithm can effectively reduce the peak sidelobe level (PSLL), thus elevating the antenna performance.","PeriodicalId":34267,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10565854","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141507853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3-D-Printed Encapsulated Dielectric Resonator Antennas With Large Operation Frequency Ratio for Future Wireless Communications","authors":"Reza Shamsaee Malfajani;Reza Damansabz;Sampada Bodkhe;Daniel Therriault;Jean-Jacques Laurin;Mohammad S. Sharawi","doi":"10.1109/OJAP.2024.3416399","DOIUrl":"10.1109/OJAP.2024.3416399","url":null,"abstract":"Shared aperture antennas are versatile structures that can fulfill the demand for multi-band compact antennas in multi-standard emerging communication systems. However, the requirement of operation at widely separated frequency bands, such as sub-6-GHz band and mm-wave band in 5G, poses a challenge. This paper introduces a novel Encapsulated Dielectric Resonator Antennas (E-DRAs) designed for operation at sub-6-GHz and mm-wave bands for 5G and beyond applications. The DRA part of the antenna consists of an array of small cylindrical DRAs (cDRA) encapsulated in a larger cylinder. At mm-wave band, the small cDRAs are radiating elements while the larger cylinder acts as a lens to enhance the gain and provide beam switching at discrete angles by switching the feed between the small cDRAs. At sub-6-GHz band, the large cylinder is the main radiator. The antenna is realized with a 3D printing process using two distinct ABS materials with different infills. Measurements of the fabricated antenna show a maximum gain of 7.8 dBi at 3.35 GHz and 19.7 dBi at 27 GHz. The measured bandwidth is 20.2% centered at 3.45 GHz and 28.7% centered at 28.5 GHz. The array of small cDRAs with five elements enables beam switching within ±30°.","PeriodicalId":34267,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10561523","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141935287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}