Aktual''nye problemy filologii i pedagogicheskoi lingvistiki最新文献

{"title":"Genre Characteristics of Virtual Guided Tours","authors":"L. Shchipitsina","doi":"10.29025/2079-6021-2022-3-234-248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29025/2079-6021-2022-3-234-248","url":null,"abstract":"The article aims to study the virtual tour as one of the genres of Internet communication. For this, types of virtual tours are identified and a description of oral virtual tours is given. Oral virtual tours in Russian, English and German are used as the material of the study. They include the synchronous virtual tours proposed on special platforms like https://www.heygo.com and the videos hosted on YouTube and Vkontakte. The analysis of oral virtual tours was carried out according to the Internet genre model with the focus on media, pragmatic, structural and linguistic parameters, as well as in terms of the communicative proximity / communicative distance model by Koch and Österreicher. As a result of the analysis, it was found that a virtual tour should be considered as a digital presentation and oral or written description of excursion objects, accompanied by a multimedia or textual movement from one object to another. In this sense, a virtual tour is a fairly broad concept, including different types – oral and written, synchronous and asynchronous. An oral virtual tour is distinguished by a high degree of interactivity and multimodality, existing in synchronous and asynchronous forms. An oral virtual tour combines signs of communicative proximity (irreversibility, multi-channel transmission of information, the ability to get an immediate response) and communicative distance (prepared speech, publicity, thematic relevance, predominantly monologue communication). It also shows some signs of the specific Internet environment (virtual situationality, overcoming physical disunity with the help of a video signal). The description of the virtual tour from the genre and linguistic point of view presented in the article allows to more competently build communication in the Internet environment and to broaden the theory of the genre.","PeriodicalId":34231,"journal":{"name":"Aktual''nye problemy filologii i pedagogicheskoi lingvistiki","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42176134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Basic Model and Variability of Educational Webinar as a Speech Genre","authors":"M. Krylova","doi":"10.29025/2079-6021-2022-3-196-207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29025/2079-6021-2022-3-196-207","url":null,"abstract":"The study is devoted to the analysis of the speech genre of the webinar related to the educational field – the field of teaching children and adults. The relevance of the study is due to the lack of genre studies of webinars as such, conducted for educational purposes. The webinar genre is currently a highly demanded speech genre, formed on the basis of the seminar genre, taking into account its use in the Internet space. The objectives of the study were to identify the basic and variable genre features of an educational webinar in terms of its communicative goal, addresser and addressee, the image of the past and the image of the future, dictum (event) content, linguistic embodiment. As a result, a basic model of the speech genre of the webinar was built and the variability of this model was noted. The basic model also includes speech strategies and tactics used in this speech genre; their potential variability is revealed. The scientific novelty of the study lies in a comprehensive analysis of the genre features of the webinar in accordance with the questionnaire of the speech genre, focused on the analysis of the speech genre in the pragmalinguistic aspect. This aspect involves the analysis of the speech genre body of content, their goals and objectives, the social roles of the communicants, their speech expectations and the way they are implemented in the process of communication. It is noted that almost every element of the webinar structure allows for significant variability, which indicates the constant development of this genre, the continuation of the process of its formation. The least variable elements of the webinar speech genre model are the image of the past and the image of the future.","PeriodicalId":34231,"journal":{"name":"Aktual''nye problemy filologii i pedagogicheskoi lingvistiki","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49323891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Analysis of the Translation of Political Media Discourse-Culture-Bound Elements by Future Diplomats and Journalists (In Germ.)","authors":"M. Chigasheva, Zhanna Egorova, V. V. Belikov","doi":"10.29025/2079-6021-2022-3-154-168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29025/2079-6021-2022-3-154-168","url":null,"abstract":"The paper focuses on certain aspects of intercultural communication in professional political contexts. With this aim the authors seek to analyze culture-bound elements in German political media discourse, determine their specific role and place in the language system as well as point out the eventual pitfalls on the way to translating them into Russian. Another important point of discussion in the paper is the importance of translation skills for international relations experts: journalists and diplomats. By following the relatively new academic trend of analyzing the use of language in professional contexts, the authors hope to cover a somewhat uncharted territory with this work. The study was aimed at identifying the difficulties that future diplomats and journalists face in solving practical problems, in particular in the process of translating professionally oriented texts. The methods employed include analysis of scientific literature, description, polling and questionnaires, quantitative data assessment and systematization. The primary experiment was conducted under participation of 57 Russian-speaking master students of MGIMO University: future diplomats (65 %) and journalists (35 %). The students were tasked with translating six German texts into Russian in writing, the text in question originating from various German media outlets such as Süddeutsche Zeitung, Die Welt, Der Spiegel, Deutsche Welle as well as mitmischen.de, the German parliament’s web site for the younger people. The resulting Russian texts were primarily evaluated based on the translation of the 56 German realia (mostly represented in the original text by proper nouns, such as personal names, toponyms, names of political offices, etc.). In accordance with the classification of Ch. Nord the mistakes were divided into pragmatic, cultural and formal groups. The quantitative analysis discovered that cultural mistakes constituted the majority of them. The reason is the lack of correlated denotations in both cultures and of sufficient lexicographic sources. A possible solution to overcome the emerging difficulties is the creation of a digital guide of culture-bound elements of political discourse.","PeriodicalId":34231,"journal":{"name":"Aktual''nye problemy filologii i pedagogicheskoi lingvistiki","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43714096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Means of Establishing Coherence Relations in the English Theological Text","authors":"Miroslava A. Gorbunova","doi":"10.29025/2079-6021-2022-3-82-91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29025/2079-6021-2022-3-82-91","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to identifying the key means of establishing coherence relations in the English-language theological text. The topicality of the study is conditioned by the fact that the coherence of the text is one of the central objects of consideration within the framework of text linguistics. Currently, not all the mechanisms for creating coherence in scientific texts on theological subjects have been identified, which also requires certain attention of linguists. The research material includes a corpus of 560 contexts selected by the continuous selection method from monographs and other printed and electronic scientific works of a theological nature in the modern English language. The main research methods are the method of continuous selection, methods of discursive analysis, the method of distributive analysis, as well as methods of quantitative calculation. In the course of the work, the analysis of English-language discursive fragments on theological topics has been carried out in order to establish coherence relations in the text. Within the framework of the work, it has been revealed that among the key ways of creating coherence in an English-language theological text, one can name: pronominal substitution as a kind of indexical coherence, anaphoric or epiphoric repetition, hypo-hypernymic general-private relations between individual lexical units in successive sentences, belonging of thematic lexis to a single lexico-semantic (including terminological) field, the use of synonyms / antonyms, coordinate and subordinate conjunction connections. The fact is emphasized that in most cases, several ways of creating coherence can be used simultaneously in the English-language theological text, in particular, the use of subordinate conjunction connections and lexical repetitions or synonymic nominations.","PeriodicalId":34231,"journal":{"name":"Aktual''nye problemy filologii i pedagogicheskoi lingvistiki","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43937608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stylistic Devices on Social Advertising Posters: Verbal and Visual Means","authors":"T. V. Anisimova, S. Chubay","doi":"10.29025/2079-6021-2022-2-192-205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29025/2079-6021-2022-2-192-205","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the description of the composition of the means of expression, traditionally considered purely verbal, but used in social advertising in visual and verbal-visual form. The aim of the work is to establish the degree of prevalence of verbal and visual forms of traditional types of figures in modern social advertising and to describe their role in the implementation of the author’s idea. The relevance of the research is due to the increased interest in the study of polycode texts and the formation of the visual stylistics of the text. The material was 4000 posters of environmental topics collected from various media banks on the Internet by a continuous sampling method. The authors conclude that contamination and gradation are used only in visual form in environmental advertising. Contamination consists in combining parts of different images into a single image, which, however, does not receive a common name. Gradation is based on contrarian relations, with its help the transformation of some objects or states into others is shown in dynamics. Verbal-visual techniques include antithesis, parallelism, amphibolism. Antitheses are often based on contextual antonyms, concretized by the presence of an image, and in some cases such antitheses are qualified as quasi-logical. Parallelism can be represented by both verbal and purely visual forms in the form of placing two pictures similar in content on one poster. With the help of amphiboly, a paradoxical meaning is given to the slogan, since the visual and verbal series come into conflict. Finally, only in verbal form are ellipsis and anaphora used. The ellipsis makes the poster text as concise, energetic and convenient as possible for quick reading. Anaphora allows you to emphasize the element of the slogan that carries the main semantic load. The other types of stylistic figures (inversion, frame, chiasmus, etc.) are quite rare in environmental social advertising and generally do not affect the nature of its image system.","PeriodicalId":34231,"journal":{"name":"Aktual''nye problemy filologii i pedagogicheskoi lingvistiki","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47109670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Algorithm of Automatic Search for Non-Standard Vocabulary Units when Creating a Comprehnsive Dictionary","authors":"E. A. Gorobets, A. V. Mamontova","doi":"10.29025/2079-6021-2022-2-131-142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29025/2079-6021-2022-2-131-142","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the experience of developing and using an automatic tool for optimizing linguagraphic work on the creating of comprehnsive dictionaries. Despite the high level of automatic processing of linguistic information in modern lexicography, a number of issues remain unresolved. The main problem in creating comprehnsive lexicographic sources is the combination of different dictionaries, since the heading units in them can be present in different forms, but at the same time refer to one lexeme; lexicographers spend a lot of time on the matching procedure, and this material has to be processed manually. The aim of the study was to solve the problem of identifying non-standard words by using a morphological analyzer. The program developed by the authors is designed to automatically select non-standard words from the list of heading units, which can significantly reduce the chance of errors, the time spent on creating a summary dictionary, and also minimize the necessity to process and interpret units manually. The development was carried out in Python 3.8.2 using the pymorphy2 morphological analyzer library version 0.9.1. The algorithm and program developed by the authors can be used for any list of words from which it is necessary to automatically select non-initial word forms. The created program was tested on a list of 22738 words from Comprehnsive etymological dictionary, 979 non-standard units were identified among them. The average processing time for the specified amount of words was 1.5 seconds, which proves the effectiveness of the created algorithm and the expediency of its further use in lexicographic practice.","PeriodicalId":34231,"journal":{"name":"Aktual''nye problemy filologii i pedagogicheskoi lingvistiki","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44150728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Linguistic and Cultural Peculiarities of Comprehension of Fiesta on the Material of the Spanish National Corpus","authors":"E. Bobyreva, Anna O. Oganesyan","doi":"10.29025/2079-6021-2022-2-107-117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29025/2079-6021-2022-2-107-117","url":null,"abstract":"The importance of the investigation is due to the rather high interest in the national-specific Spanish concept “fiesta”; an attempt to present a conceptual vision of the world picture of Spanish speakers and define place of the concept “fiesta” in the Spanish national picture of the world. The content of the concept “fiesta” is revealed on the material of the Spanish language dictionaries (explanatory and phraseological) as well as text examples obtained by sampling from Spanish National Corpus. The structure of the concept under consideration was analyzed and its conceptual and figurative components were revealed. Besides, due to the religious background of this concept, place of religious component in its structure was defined. The article justifies the necessity to use the method of analyzing dictionary definitions together with the corpus analysis when studying the considered concept, which makes it possible to outline the informative and estimated value of this concept and to identify the figurative component of this field. The material for this study was the data of Spanish dictionaries (explanatory and phraseological), fragments of scripture texts (150 text fragments), as well as material of Spanish National corpus (420 text fragments). Analysis of language material let us identify main conceptual and figurative components of the considered concept (“fiesta”); determine place and dynamics of updating religious component in its structure in the Spanish language. The article shows that “fiesta”, being a specifically Spanish phenomenon, has religious foundations; however, at the present stage of society and language development, religious basis of the analyzed concept in the Spanish language is leveled.","PeriodicalId":34231,"journal":{"name":"Aktual''nye problemy filologii i pedagogicheskoi lingvistiki","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42153993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Terminological Gaps in the Context of Digitalization of English-Language Terminological System of Criminal Law","authors":"Nadezhda B. Ayvazyan, Arusyak V. Garamyan, O. Litvishko","doi":"10.29025/2079-6021-2022-2-43-53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29025/2079-6021-2022-2-43-53","url":null,"abstract":"The present research deals with the analysis of lexical gaps belonging to legal terminology, which emerged in the Russian language due to the processes of digitalization of English-language terminological system of criminal law. Due to insufficient state of knowledge of terminological gaps in institutional discourse, in legal discourse in particular, the problem of developing the mechanisms to overcome terminological lacunarity becomes very significant, setting a task to find the most productive translation methods. Conducting complex linguistic analysis of lacunae in the Russian-language terminological system of criminal law emerged due to the internationalization of law in the conditions of development, enhancement of new information technologies and appearance of new highly-technological kinds of crimes using these technologies, demands employing a series of linguistic methods and approaches, particularly, content-analysis, component and etymological analysis, contrasting analysis aimed at comparing terminological gaps with extra-linguistic phenomena they represent, the research material includes legal online glossaries, reference and analytical materials of USA government agencies and information protection services, translation dictionaries. In the result of the conducted research the authors conclude that terminological gaps belonging to the sphere of criminal law are widely represented in English-language legal discourse. This can be explained by two objective tendencies typical of modern legal discourse, the tendency of internationalization of law and digitalization of English-language legal terminological system. The authors point out that conducting the linguistic analysis of terminological gaps demands applying a complex, multi-aspect, cross-disciplinary approach taking into consideration the data of allied areas of knowledge, particularly, criminal law, cultural studies of English-speaking countries as English-language non-equivalent units denote the concepts typical of English-language legal doctrines.","PeriodicalId":34231,"journal":{"name":"Aktual''nye problemy filologii i pedagogicheskoi lingvistiki","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47507922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parametric Triangulation in Forensic Linguistics (on the Example of the Speech Act of Threatening)","authors":"Anton A. Lavitski","doi":"10.29025/2079-6021-2022-2-243-256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29025/2079-6021-2022-2-243-256","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the issues of normalization of methodological tools for forensic linguistic examination of the text. The significance of the study is due to the current state of affairs in the industry, where, despite the successful use of variable procedures of linguistic and legal study of the text in procedural-investigative and judicial practices, there are contradictions in expert opinions, a lack of clarity in the presentation of conclusions. Currently, jurislinguistic theory is objectively unable to offer a single methodological standard of work due to the potential variability of conflict communicative situations, a large number of extralinguistic factors that affect speech interaction. As a solution to this problem, it is proposed to introduce the principles of methodological triangulation into the scientific field of linguistic expertology - the use of several research procedures to solve one problem. The purpose of the scientific work is to substantiate and present a model of the corresponding parametric-triangulation algorithm for forensic linguistic examination of the text on the material of such a type of offense as a threat. The article analyzes the characteristics of the threat presented in the criminal legislation of the Republic of Belarus. The conducted research shows that triangulation can be successfully extrapolated into the methodology of legal language parametrization. This allows 1) to establish the parameters that identify the offense, 2) to determine the methodological procedures for studying them, and 3) to evaluate the obtained research results. A description of the algorithmic methodological model of a forensic linguistic study of a text for the presence of signs of a verbal threat in its content is given. As a result of scientific research, a system of expert procedures is presented, including a number of methods verified in the practice of special linguistic and legal research (automatic interpretation, lexicocentric, gener, logical semantics analysis, etc.). The described methods of expert work make it possible to study three mandatory (subject composition and subject affiliation of an action, addressing and temporal marking) and one optional (action type) parameters of a threat committed verbally.","PeriodicalId":34231,"journal":{"name":"Aktual''nye problemy filologii i pedagogicheskoi lingvistiki","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49091865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Specificity of Proverbs and Sayings Interpretation by Russian-Speaking Patients with Cognitive Impairment","authors":"Yulia V. Laykova","doi":"10.29025/2079-6021-2022-2-257-270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29025/2079-6021-2022-2-257-270","url":null,"abstract":"The ability to understand and correctly interpret the figurative meaning of constructions (metaphors, paremiological units, idioms) is a very significant characteristics of adequate verbal thinking, a subtle diagnostic marker that contributes to the early reveal of cognitive decline. Cognitive impairment is a serious interdisciplinary problem that requires the involvement of specialists in different fields, including psychologists and linguists, both in the diagnostics and in the procedure for tracking dynamics during therapy. Among different factors that cause cognitive impairment, dysmetabolic diseases is an important group, and special attention should be paid to diabetes mellitus – this issue is extremely relevant due to the widespread prevalence of this disease among the population. To reveal early the onset of cognitive decline in patients with this disease special instruments are required. The article analyzes the results of a study connected with specificity of understanding the figurative meaning of units in patients with cognitive disorders identified by standardized neurocognitive tests. The author developed a subtest aimed at assessing the understanding of the figurative meaning of paremiological units; linguistic validation of this subtest was carried out in a sample of informants without cognitive decline, as well as in a sample of patients with cognitive impairment. The research involved 154 male and female informants over the age of 45 years. Cognitive status was assessed using a screening neurocognitive test (MoCA-test, Russian version). The created diagnostic subtest showed a correlation with the data of an instrument widely used in medical practice; in addition, it was proved that the paremiological subtest is able to detect cognitive decline already at an early stage of its manifestation and can be recommended as a tool designed to assess cognitive status and track its dynamics.","PeriodicalId":34231,"journal":{"name":"Aktual''nye problemy filologii i pedagogicheskoi lingvistiki","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48950091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}