GIANT最新文献

{"title":"Itaconic acid-based 3D printed nanocomposites: An in-depth study on the effect of nanoinclusions on the physicochemical properties and the printability of formulations based on polyester itaconates","authors":"Lazaros Papadopoulos ,&nbsp;Lorenzo Pezzana ,&nbsp;Natalia Malitowski ,&nbsp;Nikolaos Kladovasilakis ,&nbsp;Dimitrios Tzetzis ,&nbsp;Marco Sangermano ,&nbsp;Dimitrios N. Bikiaris ,&nbsp;Tobias Robert","doi":"10.1016/j.giant.2024.100275","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.giant.2024.100275","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The demand for novel bio-based materials in UV-curing additive manufacturing has surged due to increasing environmental concerns and a growing emphasis on sustainable practices in the manufacturing industry. However, at the moment, their thermomechanical performance is not equal to that of their fossil-based counterparts and this impedes the acceptance of these materials within the industrial community. Therefore, in this study, a series of nanocomposite polyesters based on itaconic acid was synthesized for the first time with <em>in-situ</em> polymerization, in an attempt to leverage the unique properties of nanofillers and improve the overall performance of the material. A variety of reinforcing agents were utilized, namely cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), montmorillonite (MMT), graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) and titanium dioxide (TiO₂), to understand the effect of each filler on the physicochemical properties of the polyester. Formulations of these polyesters were then prepared and processed on a digital light processing (DLP) 3D printer to prepare test specimens. Extensive thermomechanical characterization showed that the interference of the fillers with the UV curing process was the main parameter determining the mechanical performance of the 3D printed materials.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34151,"journal":{"name":"GIANT","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100275"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666542524000407/pdfft?md5=0f2c1408a2efe6b636093792c27970f3&pid=1-s2.0-S2666542524000407-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141047834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in shape memory polymers and their composites: From theoretical modeling and MD simulations to additive manufacturing","authors":"Yu Li,&nbsp;Denvid Lau","doi":"10.1016/j.giant.2024.100277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giant.2024.100277","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Shape memory polymers (SMPs) and their composites have broad application prospects in multiple fields due to their unique shape memory effects. However, they still face challenges in accurately controlling the shape recovery process, improving the stability of shape memory loops, and achieving the manufacturing of complex shapes and functions. At present, theoretical models, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and additive manufacturing technologies have been widely applied. Theoretical models and MD simulations provide theoretical foundations at both macro and micro levels, respectively. Meanwhile, by combining SMPs and their composites with additive manufacturing, some complex structures can be produced. This not only verifies the accuracy of the theoretical foundation, but also further expands its application. This review aims to review the application and intersection of theoretical models, MD simulations, and additive manufacturing in the research of SMPs and their composites, and analyze how they jointly promote the leap from theory to application, providing valuable insights for future development trends.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34151,"journal":{"name":"GIANT","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100277"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666542524000420/pdfft?md5=da184f509252cdf893d703853d4fb1f1&pid=1-s2.0-S2666542524000420-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140913774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highly crystalline, heat resistant and biodegradable copolyesters from fully bio-based bis(pyrrolidone) monomer","authors":"Hanxu Zhu ,&nbsp;Han Hu ,&nbsp;Qingyang Luan ,&nbsp;Chen Lin ,&nbsp;Juanfang Xu ,&nbsp;Jinggang Wang ,&nbsp;Wu Bin Ying ,&nbsp;Jin Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.giant.2024.100276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giant.2024.100276","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Improving the heat resistance of bio-based and biodegradable polyesters is of great significance to extend their applications. Herein, N,N’-trans-1,4-cyclohexane-bis(pyrrolidone-4-methyl carboxylate) (T-CBPMC) was prepared through efficient Michael-addition reaction between dimethyl itaconate and trans-1,4-cyclohexanediamine. The obtained T-CBPMC was copolymerized into aliphatic poly(butylene succinate) (PBS), and a series of PBSPs copolymers with T-CBPMC (BP) molar percentages between 41−80 mol % and weight average molecular weight (<em>M_w</em>) values ranging between 5.77*10⁴ and 6.67*10⁴ g/mol were prepared. BP units efficiently facilitated the melting temperature (203-251 °C) and isothermal-crystallization rate (t_1/2 &lt; 20 s) of PBSPs, endowing the highest heat resistance among commercial biodegradable polyesters, which helps maintain stable in pasteurization, high-temperature disinfection, and microwave environments. Moreover, these copolymers displayed remarkable mechanical, gas barrier properties and degradability. PBSP40-PBSP60 obtained high elastic modulus (335–872 MPa) and tensile strength (24.7–31.5 MPa), and good toughness simultaneously. Multiple-ring structures and large steric hindrance of BP units resulted in superior O₂ barrier performance than that of non-degradable PET films. Importantly, the PBSP copolyesters showed obvious degradation in water environments and relatively better enzymatic degradation. It was interesting to find that even with 70 % of the BP units, the PBSP copolyesters still retained hydrolysis ability. The resulting PBSP copolyesters open the way for alternative candidates of biodegradable packaging materials with rapid crystallization, high heat-resistance and gas barrier.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34151,"journal":{"name":"GIANT","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100276"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666542524000419/pdfft?md5=d9808b7b5ce1ac0abad9a74a0e77ee7c&pid=1-s2.0-S2666542524000419-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140822480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toughening poly(lactic acid) with novel polyolefin-graft-poly(lactic acid) copolymers maintaining high transparency and stiffness","authors":"Hao Cai ,&nbsp;Yu Cheng ,&nbsp;Zhenli Zhang ,&nbsp;Li Pan ,&nbsp;Kunyu Zhang ,&nbsp;Yuesheng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.giant.2024.100274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giant.2024.100274","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The combination of well-balanced mechanical performance, high transparency and appealing eco-friendly attributes endows poly(lactic acid) (PLA) with significantly potential for wide-ranging applications in high-value packaging sectors. However, effectively toughening PLA without compromising its transparency and stiffness remains a formidable challenge. In this study, we synthesized a series of graft copolymers by incorporating hydroxyl-functionalized linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE_OH) and copolymers of cycloolefin (COC_OH) as the main chain and PLA as the side chain, which were subsequently employed as novel toughening agents for commercial PLA. The achievement of high-performance PLA blends with a balanced combination of toughness, strength, and transparency can be realized through meticulous tuning of the structure and mass fraction of the blended graft copolymers. The maximum elongation at break for the PLA blends increased by about 50 times that of neat PLA, reaching up to 300 %. Furthermore, these materials retained their high strength (54 MPa) and excellent transparency (light transmittance up to 90 %). The excellent properties of PLA blends could be ascribed to the well-designed chain structure of the graft copolymer which leaded to and excellent compatibility with the PLA matrix and unique phase morphology. This work is significant in guiding the design and synthesis of graft copolymers as toughening agents for PLA, thereby expanding its application range in areas where high transparency and toughness are required.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34151,"journal":{"name":"GIANT","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100274"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666542524000390/pdfft?md5=5b165729591314c099e09330793d87f8&pid=1-s2.0-S2666542524000390-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140822481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrogel Nanocomposite Based Slow-Release Urea Fertilizer: Formulation, Structure, and Release Behavior","authors":"Kezhu Lu ,&nbsp;Ragab Abouzeid ,&nbsp;Qinglin Wu ,&nbsp;Qibing Chen ,&nbsp;Shiliang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.giant.2024.100270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giant.2024.100270","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To enhance the nitrogen utilization efficiency of fertilizers, we developed a novel slow-release fertilizer hydrogel through free radical polymerization, incorporating lignin-containing cellulose nanofiber (LCNF), clinoptilolite (CL), urea, and acrylic acid (AA)-co-acrylamide (AAm) polymer. Various analytical techniques were utilized to examine the structure, swelling, and release behaviors of the fabricated hydrogels with varying LCNF concentrations. The results indicated that the addition of 10% LCNF led to a decrease in water absorption from 72.44 g g⁻¹ to 24.04 g g⁻¹. However, re-swelling was significantly enhanced, with a reduction in re-swelling capacity loss from 32.91% to 23.52%. Concurrently, water retention capacity notably increased from 18.03% to 39.20%. The hydrogel containing 10% LCNF exhibited a slower urea release over 30 days. The kinetic studies revealed that the swelling and urea release behaviors align well with the second-order kinetics model and the Peppas-Sahlin model, respectively. In summary, the developed LCNF/CL/(AA-co-AAm)/urea hydrogel nanocomposites present a novel strategy for the future production and utilization of slow-release fertilizers in agricultural and horticultural fields.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34151,"journal":{"name":"GIANT","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100270"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666542524000353/pdfft?md5=2506c4459221a8f7164f8a324e91588e&pid=1-s2.0-S2666542524000353-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140843740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Discotic Mesogenic near-infrared absorbing dye and its application in photo-responsive liquid crystal elastomers","authors":"Shimin Shao ,&nbsp;Miao Bao ,&nbsp;Ruohan Chen ,&nbsp;Zhenghao Zhang ,&nbsp;Haifeng Lu ,&nbsp;Meng Wang ,&nbsp;Hong Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.giant.2024.100271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giant.2024.100271","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Near-infrared (NIR) light-responsive liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) doped with organic small-molecule photothermal agents have garnered scientific attention. However, the challenge remains in designing and synthesizing mesogenic photothermal dyes with absorption wavelengths greater than 800 nm. In this research, we design a novel discotic mesogenic NIR absorbing dye, namely the nickel bis(dithiolene) complex YHD868, and prepare NIR-responsive LCE/YHD868 composite films. The discotic mesogenic molecule YHD868 possesses a columnar hexagonal mesophase and exhibits intense NIR absorption at 868 nm, with a photothermal conversion efficiency of about 27 % and a molar extinction coefficient of approximately 30000 M⁻¹·cm⁻¹. Due to the strong NIR absorption of YHD868, combined with its excellent photothermal stability, the LCE/YHD868 composite films exhibit remarkable photoresponse and mechanical properties. Even at a low doping concentration of 0.2 wt%, the composite film can achieve a tensile strength of 9.8 MPa and an elongation at break of 165 %. Under 880 nm NIR irradiation (3.3 W·cm⁻²), the film can complete reversible photo-induced shrinking deformation in just 2 s, with a shrinkage ratio of about 64 %. This work offers a new approach for the development of photo-responsive smart soft materials.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34151,"journal":{"name":"GIANT","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100271"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666542524000365/pdfft?md5=328436d827e188b32fad7e281360e927&pid=1-s2.0-S2666542524000365-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140822482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multifunctional ultraflexible neural probe for wireless optogenetics and electrophysiology","authors":"Suhao Wang ,&nbsp;Lixuan Li ,&nbsp;Shun Zhang ,&nbsp;Qianqian Jiang ,&nbsp;Pengxian Li ,&nbsp;Chengjun Wang ,&nbsp;Rui Xiao ,&nbsp;Xiao-Ming Li ,&nbsp;Jizhou Song","doi":"10.1016/j.giant.2024.100272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giant.2024.100272","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Electrophysiology and optogenetics are pivotal in neuroscience for probing and modulating neural activities, playing a vital role in unraveling the complexities of brain functionality. Despite their importance, the efficacy of existing devices is hampered by insufficient functional integration, pronounced foreign body reactions, and physical constraints that impede natural animal behaviors. Here, we develop a multifunctional, ultraflexible neural probe designed for simultaneous electrophysiological monitoring and optical neural modulation, along with mechanical properties that are conducive to flexibility and compliance. By integrating a wireless neural signal acquisition and stimulation circuit, we achieved wireless recording of brain signals in mice and wireless optogenetic control over their locomotor behavior. The multifunctional ultraflexible probe presented in this study holds substantial promise for closed-loop brain-machine interfaces and deepening our understanding of neural circuit functions. This innovative approach addresses the aforementioned limitations by a comprehensive solution for in vivo neural interrogation and manipulation, marking a significant advancement in the tools available for neuroscience research.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34151,"journal":{"name":"GIANT","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100272"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666542524000377/pdfft?md5=216656efa355addaa3e660f0f50af8f6&pid=1-s2.0-S2666542524000377-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140823968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecological packaging: Creating sustainable solutions with all-natural biodegradable cellulose materials","authors":"Yijia Deng ,&nbsp;Shaofeng Wu ,&nbsp;Tianxue Zhu ,&nbsp;Yukui Gou ,&nbsp;Yan Cheng ,&nbsp;Xiao Li ,&nbsp;Jianying Huang ,&nbsp;Yuekun Lai","doi":"10.1016/j.giant.2024.100269","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.giant.2024.100269","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Plastics, accumulating globally as microplastics in living organisms, significantly contribute to environmental issues. Current materials like polylactic acid and commercial paper face limitations due to inadequate heat and water resistance, resulting in various practical inconveniences. This study reports a high-strength, water-resistant, recyclable, and naturally degradable pure cellulose food packaging material, which is crafted from bacterial cellulose (BC) and ethyl cellulose (EC) by a straightforward filtration and scratch coating process. The use of the EC ethanol solution eliminates the need for additional binders. Remarkably, the EC-BC pure cellulose material exhibits excellent mechanical properties (tensile strength of 195.3 ± 23.2 MPa), a stability in liquid environments (136.9 ± 24.2 MPa mechanical strength after 30 minutes of immersion in water), recyclability, natural degradability, cost-effectiveness, and non-toxicity. These attributes position binder-free hybrid designs, based on cellulose structures, as a promising solution to address environmental challenges arising from the extensive use of single-use plastics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34151,"journal":{"name":"GIANT","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100269"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666542524000341/pdfft?md5=741c5fe84573a9668cbeb655cd6390c8&pid=1-s2.0-S2666542524000341-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140785427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organocatalytic ring-opening polymerization of lactide by bis(thiourea) H-bonding donating cocatalysts with binaphthyl-amine framework","authors":"Xiangzhong Qian ,&nbsp;Mingqian Wang ,&nbsp;Zhiqiang Ding ,&nbsp;Xiaohui Liu ,&nbsp;Bin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.giant.2024.100268","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.giant.2024.100268","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Development of H-bonding organo-catalysts with high catalytic activity and high degree of control is significantly important for the metal-free polyesters that are potentially suitable for biomedical usage. The concomitant use of base and commercially available thiourea generally suffered from prolonged reaction time and resulted in incomplete monomer conversion in some cases. Introducing one or more (thio)urea H-bonding donating arms to the parent thiourea has been proved to be an effective method for substantially increasing the activity of thiourea H-bonding donors. Consequently, we synthesized bis-thioureas derived from binaphthyl-amine bearing different substituents and investigated their catalytic performance in ROPs of lactide in this work. The density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggested that the “activated-thiourea” mode is more preferred for the bis(thiourea) containing binaphthyl-amine framework. The bis(thiourea)/base binary systems could effectively promote the LA polymerization using benzyl alcohol as initiator. The polymerization rates and the degree of control over the polymerization are highly dependent on the structures of the bis(thiourea) and base. Bis(thiourea)/1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec‑5-ene pairs exhibited highest catalytic activity compared to other bis(thiourea)/base pairs, and the turnover frequency is high up to 1980 h^–1 at 75 °C. In addition, the bulky hindrance and axial chirality of the binaphthyl-amine framework could enable stereoselective ROP of <em>rac</em>-LA to produce isotactic-rich and crystalline PLAs at relatively low temperature (0 °C). Mechanistic studies indicated that both enantiomorphic site control (ESC) and chain end control (CEC) concurrently occurred in the <em>rac</em>-LA polymerization catalyzed by bis(thiourea)/base binary systems. This work will inspire future design of H-bonding donors with high catalytic performance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34151,"journal":{"name":"GIANT","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100268"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266654252400033X/pdfft?md5=d8cb8f7666024b8ad8a85685b65d7efc&pid=1-s2.0-S266654252400033X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140785616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Compatibilized polylactide/poly(pentamethylene furanoate) blends for fully bioderived packaging films with enhanced fracture toughness and UV- and O2-barrier properties","authors":"Giulia Fredi ,&nbsp;Davide Perin ,&nbsp;Carlotta Zardo ,&nbsp;Marco Rapisarda ,&nbsp;Paola Rizzarelli ,&nbsp;Michelina Soccio ,&nbsp;Nadia Lotti ,&nbsp;Andrea Dorigato","doi":"10.1016/j.giant.2024.100267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giant.2024.100267","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Polylactide (PLA) is a promising biopolymer from renewable resources but its brittleness and poor gas barrier properties limit flexible packaging applications. Therefore, in this work PLA was blended with a biobased rubbery poly(pentamethylene furanoate) (PPeF), acting as a toughening agent, and a commercial epoxy-functionalized compatibilizer (i.e., Joncryl® ADR-4468) was added to improve the interfacial interaction. The effect of PPeF loading (1–30 wt %) on phase morphology, mechanical properties, oxygen permeability, and degradability in compost was characterized. All blends displayed a sea-island morphology with refined PPeF domains upon compatibilization. Incorporating PPeF induced major tensile ductility enhancements from 5 % strain at break for neat PLA up to 200 % for the blend with 30 wt % PPeF, accompanied by progressive stiffness and strength declines. Through the application of the essential work of fracture (EWF) approach on the prepared films, the specific essential work of fracture (w_e) was seen climbing from 6.2 to 40.0 kJ/m² with rising PPeF content, confirming its effectiveness as a toughness enhancer. PPeF contributed to increase the UV- and gas barrier properties of PLA. For example, the oxygen permeability dropped by 37 % for the blend with 30 wt % PPeF. Moreover, compost burial tests also revealed 26 % weight loss of PPeF after 60 days, proving its biodegradability. Hence, finely dispersed PPeF domains induced synergistic property improvements, making PLA/PPeF blends a promising sustainable option for flexible and biodegradable packaging.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34151,"journal":{"name":"GIANT","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100267"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666542524000328/pdfft?md5=d70bad5742d136340091a11873feb8ca&pid=1-s2.0-S2666542524000328-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140632952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}