IF 7 1区化学

GIANT Pub Date : 2024-05-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.giant.2024.100295

Sergejs Beluns , Oskars Platnieks , Maksims Jurinovs , Rinalds Buss , Sergejs Gaidukovs , Liga Orlova , Olesja Starkova , Vijay Kumar Thakur

{"title":"Sustainable foams from hemp, lignin, xylan, pectin, and glycerol: tunable via reversible citric acid crosslinking for absorption and insulation applications","authors":"Sergejs Beluns , Oskars Platnieks , Maksims Jurinovs , Rinalds Buss , Sergejs Gaidukovs , Liga Orlova , Olesja Starkova , Vijay Kumar Thakur","doi":"10.1016/j.giant.2024.100295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giant.2024.100295","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the development of sustainable multifunctional foams utilizing hemp stalk waste, lignin, xylan, pectin, glycerol, and citric acid. Using the freeze-drying method for foam formation in combination with industrial waste products and renewable resources, we emphasize a green, scalable material development approach. In total, 25 distinct formulations were prepared and methodically examined, mainly focusing on the roles of citric acid, pectin, and glycerol. Thermal crosslinking, conducted at 140°C, was analyzed using FTIR, confirming the formation of ester bonds. The microstructural characterization of the foams revealed distinct variations from nanofibrillar to microfibrillar structures based on composition. The bulk density of the foams ranged from 13 to 152 mg/cm<sup>3</sup>, and porosity values varied from 97 % to 99 % for most of the compositions. Foams showed up to 50 g/g water, 51 g/g rapeseed oil, and 46 g/g kerosine absorption. Foam absorption capacity changes were examined through 10 iterative cycles in water, demonstrating that most compositions retained near-original absorption capacities. Adding glycerol conferred exceptional hydrophobic properties to the foam surfaces, as evidenced by water contact angles ranging between 140° and 150°. The thermal conductivity of foams ranged from 0.040 to 0.046 W/mK. The mechanical properties of foams were assessed using compression testing, which showed highly tunable structures ranging from soft to rigid. This study illustrates the broad applicability of these foams, emphasizing their utility in thermal insulation, filtration systems, and environmental cleanup, among other potential uses.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34151,"journal":{"name":"GIANT","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100295"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666542524000596/pdfft?md5=d4389efb52dbf3b33684d3bea4ec53ac&pid=1-s2.0-S2666542524000596-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141291433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Converting “sliding” to “rolling” design for high-performance lubricating hydrogel 将高性能润滑水凝胶的 "滑动 "设计转变为 "滚动 "设计

IF 7 1区化学

GIANT Pub Date : 2024-05-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.giant.2024.100296

Fangbin Fan , Jinrui Han , Li Zhao , Bo Yu , Meirong Cai , Xiaowei Pei , Zhizhi Zhang , Shuanhong Ma , Yanfei Ma , Feng Zhou

{"title":"Converting “sliding” to “rolling” design for high-performance lubricating hydrogel","authors":"Fangbin Fan , Jinrui Han , Li Zhao , Bo Yu , Meirong Cai , Xiaowei Pei , Zhizhi Zhang , Shuanhong Ma , Yanfei Ma , Feng Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.giant.2024.100296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giant.2024.100296","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Despite the excellent lubricity of conventional hydrogel materials due to their wet-soft properties, they produce severe mechanical elastic deformation at higher interfacial contact stresses. Balancing the load-bearing capacity and lubricating properties of hydrogel material is the difficulty of the current research work for articular cartilage substitutes. Great progress has been made in developing bionic joint materials with high load-bearing and low-friction hydrogels based on gradient designs. However, most bionic materials are based on sliding friction greatly limiting the improvement of lubrication performance. Herein, we designed and prepared a new hydrogel material with high load-bearing capacity and stable lubrication performance, breaking through the traditional friction method and turning to “sliding” for “rolling”. The network on the hydrogel surface was dissociated by UV irradiation and the pores on the surface were filled with SiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles. The dense network structure of the underlying layer endows the hydrogel material with good load-bearing properties, while the high degree of hydration of the surface layer and the rolling friction effect of SiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles greatly enhance the lubrication property. With the synergistic effect of these designs, the multi-layered hydrogel with nanoparticles on the surface achieved an ultra-low average coefficient of friction (COF) of ∼0.00809 at a high load of 50 N during 30,000 cycles. This idea of hydrogel material design provides a new strategy for the replacement of biomimetic articular cartilage materials.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34151,"journal":{"name":"GIANT","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100296"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666542524000602/pdfft?md5=9e948d92c08290c6a4a291f202e87a66&pid=1-s2.0-S2666542524000602-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141263810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

n-Type polythiophene as a hole-blocking layer in inverted organic photodetectors 在倒置有机光电探测器中用作空穴阻挡层的 n 型聚噻吩

IF 7 1区化学

GIANT Pub Date : 2024-05-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.giant.2024.100291

Jiahui Wang , Sihui Deng , Jun Ma , Junli Hu , Jun Liu

{"title":"n-Type polythiophene as a hole-blocking layer in inverted organic photodetectors","authors":"Jiahui Wang , Sihui Deng , Jun Ma , Junli Hu , Jun Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.giant.2024.100291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giant.2024.100291","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Organic photodetectors (OPDs) own unique advantages such as light weight, flexibility, low production cost, tunable detection wavelength, and thus are promising for a variety of applications. The lack of hole-blocking layer (HBL) materials impedes the reduction of dark current density and the enhancement of the performance of OPDs. Herein, we employed an n-type polythiophene n-PT1 as a HBL material for inverted OPDs. The specific solubility of n-PT1 in <em>o</em>-dichlorobenzene facilitates solution processing and enables multilayer device fabrication. The ultradeep-lying highest occupied molecular orbital energy level ensures a large hole injection barrier between cathode and active layer that suppresses dark current. As a result, compared to the control devices without n-PT1, the inverted OPD devices with n-PT1 as HBL demonstrate a two-order-of-magnitude reduction in dark current density and a one-order-of-magnitude increase in specific detectivity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first solution processable HBL material for inverted OPDs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34151,"journal":{"name":"GIANT","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100291"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666542524000559/pdfft?md5=00a8df932071896f4695480d271d09fc&pid=1-s2.0-S2666542524000559-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141263900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Synergistically manipulating the shape of alkyl-chain and asymmetric side groups of non-fullerene acceptors enables organic solar cells to reach 18.5% efficiency 协同操纵非富勒烯受体的烷基链和不对称侧基的形状，使有机太阳能电池的效率达到 18.5%

IF 7 1区化学

GIANT Pub Date : 2024-05-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.giant.2024.100294

Xinyu Tong , Zhenyu Chen , Jingyu Shi , Jinfeng Ge , Wei Song , Yuanyuan Meng , Ziyi Ge

{"title":"Synergistically manipulating the shape of alkyl-chain and asymmetric side groups of non-fullerene acceptors enables organic solar cells to reach 18.5% efficiency","authors":"Xinyu Tong , Zhenyu Chen , Jingyu Shi , Jinfeng Ge , Wei Song , Yuanyuan Meng , Ziyi Ge","doi":"10.1016/j.giant.2024.100294","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.giant.2024.100294","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Side-chain modification and asymmetric design for non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) have been proven to be effective methods for harvesting high-performance organic solar cells (OSCs). Combining the two molecular design strategies, we adopted phenyl chain and alkyl chains with different shapes to develop two novel asymmetric NFAs, named BTP-P2EH<img>C11 and BTP-P2EH<img>C2C4. Compared with BTP-P2EH<img>C2C4 attached 2-ethylhexyl side chain, BTP-P2EH<img>C11 with linear alkyl side chain have slightly red-shifted absorption and intensive absorption strength. Moreover, the PM6:BTP-P2EH<img>C11 blend film presents higher and more balanced charge mobilities, reducing charge recombination, tighter intermolecular packing and more favorable fibrous network morphology with appropriate phase separation than PM6:BTP-P2EH<img>C2C4, which lead to significantly enhanced short-circuit current density (<em>J</em><sub>SC</sub>) of PM6:BTP-P2EH<img>C11-based devices. Thus, the OSCs based on PM6:BTP-P2EH<img>C11 achieve a superior power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.50% with a good trade-off among open-circuit voltage (<em>V</em><sub>OC</sub>) of 0.876 V, <em>J</em><sub>SC</sub> of 26.85 mA cm<sup>−2</sup> and fill factor (FF) of 78.65%, while PM6:BTP-P2EH<img>C2C4-based device exhibits a lower PCE of 17.49%. Our investigation elucidates that the combination of finely optimizing the shape of alkyl-chain and asymmetric side groups of NFAs could pave a promising avenue toward morphology optimization and performance promotion of OSCs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34151,"journal":{"name":"GIANT","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100294"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666542524000584/pdfft?md5=fa4baf84a06e851e2e43996b95063119&pid=1-s2.0-S2666542524000584-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141139680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fatigue failure of soft adhesive systems: A state-of-the-art review 软粘合剂系统的疲劳失效：最新技术综述

IF 7 1区化学

GIANT Pub Date : 2024-05-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.giant.2024.100292

Chengbin Yao , Yan Xia , Zhuoran Yang , Zhongmeng Zhu , Zheyu Li , Han Jiang

{"title":"Fatigue failure of soft adhesive systems: A state-of-the-art review","authors":"Chengbin Yao , Yan Xia , Zhuoran Yang , Zhongmeng Zhu , Zheyu Li , Han Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.giant.2024.100292","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.giant.2024.100292","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Soft adhesive systems (SASs), which consist of a soft adhesive layer and/or soft adherends, have been extensively applied in advanced fields such as biomedicine, flexible electronics, and soft robotics. Understanding the fatigue failure of SASs is crucial for ensuring their structural safety and functional stability, as they are often subjected to fatigue loading. This paper systematically reviews the fatigue failure of SASs, aiming to provide a comprehensive understanding and contribute to the study of fatigue failure mechanisms and lifetime prediction of SASs. The review starts by introducing classical research methods for fatigue failure of adhesive systems, with a focus on total fatigue lifetime and fatigue crack growth (FCG). After summarizing the complexity of fatigue failure in SASs, it provides an overview of fatigue research for the three types of SASs: “soft interface”, “soft adherend”, and “soft-soft” adhesive systems. Then, the relations between the fatigue failure and energy dissipation of various SASs are specifically discussed noting that significant energy dissipation accompanying the cyclic deformation of SASs during fatigue loading can substantially affect the final fatigue failure of SASs. Finally, the current unresolved issues and challenges in this field are presented.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34151,"journal":{"name":"GIANT","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100292"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666542524000560/pdfft?md5=aad0e74ea6f71b9ca50d483c6a2a3d45&pid=1-s2.0-S2666542524000560-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141133596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Raining-inspired method for construction of porous film material 受雨水启发的多孔薄膜材料构建方法

IF 7 1区化学

GIANT Pub Date : 2024-05-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.giant.2024.100293

Xiaomin Wang , Heyi Pan , Lin Lian , Xiangjun Gong , Yang Wang , Chaoqun Zhang

{"title":"Raining-inspired method for construction of porous film material","authors":"Xiaomin Wang , Heyi Pan , Lin Lian , Xiangjun Gong , Yang Wang , Chaoqun Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.giant.2024.100293","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.giant.2024.100293","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The low-temperature environment caused by solvent evaporation leads to the condensation of water vapor into water droplets that remain on the surface of the film to form breath figure patterns. The conventional approach to regulate the pore morphology in the breath figure process is to optimize the ambient temperature, humidity, and solution concentration. However, realizing a wide adjustable window of pore size and uniform distribution of the pore are still challenges. Here, inspired by the rainfall phenomenon, we proposed a simple and efficient method called the “raining boxing method” (RBM) for preparing porous films based on exogenously given water droplets as templates. The RBM broadened the adjustable window of pore size (0.6–225 µm in this work) and solved the inherent problem of radial reduction of pore size from the film center to the edge caused by the significant difference in low-temperature duration at different locations accompanying the solvent evaporation process. Furthermore, this method could realize multi-types porous films, including surface porous films, spongy porous films, and honeycomb porous films, and could be universally applied in the casting process of various polymer solutions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34151,"journal":{"name":"GIANT","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100293"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666542524000572/pdfft?md5=6f318d42175150e218508c27aab69e8e&pid=1-s2.0-S2666542524000572-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141145227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Room temperature stable twist-bend nematic materials without crystallization over 1 year 室温下稳定扭弯向列材料 1 年不结晶

IF 7 1区化学

GIANT Pub Date : 2024-05-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.giant.2024.100290

Conglong Yuan , Yuxing Zhan , Huixian Liu , Zhaoyi Wang , Ning Shen , Binghui Liu , Honglong Hu , Zhigang Zheng

{"title":"Room temperature stable twist-bend nematic materials without crystallization over 1 year","authors":"Conglong Yuan , Yuxing Zhan , Huixian Liu , Zhaoyi Wang , Ning Shen , Binghui Liu , Honglong Hu , Zhigang Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.giant.2024.100290","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.giant.2024.100290","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The twist-bend nematic (N<sub>TB</sub>) phase of achiral liquid crystals (LCs) manifests a unique self-assembled heliconical structure with nanometer-scale pitch length, mirroring the chiral symmetry-breaking phenomena in nature, thus sparking widespread research interest. However, the ingenious N<sub>TB</sub> phase is only stable at high temperatures within a very limited temperature interval, often undergoing inevitable crystallization at low temperatures. Herein, room temperature supercooled N<sub>TB</sub> material systems composed of meticulously designed LC dimer mixtures with varying molecular curvatures and central flexibility were developed, resulting in complete resistance to crystallization even after 1 year of storage. Furthermore, the proposed N<sub>TB</sub> material systems demonstrated exceptional compatibility with common nematic LCs, facilitating the tailoring of overall physical parameters, particularly to achieve a sufficiently low bend elastic constant with excellent stability. This work represents a paradigmatic advancement forward in realizing stable N<sub>TB</sub> phase materials with a broad temperature range and resistance to crystallization, thereby tackling the enduring and seemingly insurmountable challenge while providing impetus for further exploration of their applications in soft matter, crystallography, and advanced photonics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34151,"journal":{"name":"GIANT","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100290"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666542524000547/pdfft?md5=ffedc8eea5fda2ed3e0b8c09e2c5379d&pid=1-s2.0-S2666542524000547-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141141847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Anti-impact composite based on shear stiffening gel: Structural design and multifunctional applications 基于剪切加固凝胶的抗冲击复合材料：结构设计与多功能应用

IF 7 1区化学

GIANT Pub Date : 2024-05-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.giant.2024.100285

Yue Yao , Ziyang Fan , Min Sang , Xinglong Gong , Shouhu Xuan

{"title":"Anti-impact composite based on shear stiffening gel: Structural design and multifunctional applications","authors":"Yue Yao , Ziyang Fan , Min Sang , Xinglong Gong , Shouhu Xuan","doi":"10.1016/j.giant.2024.100285","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.giant.2024.100285","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>With the development of intelligent protective wearable equipment, flexible materials with impact resistance have become a focus of attention. Shear stiffening gel (SSG) is a flexible smart material that can perceive external force loads and generate mechanical responses, boasting exceptional properties like fast response, adaptability, and self-healing. Since the SSG can absorb a large amount of energy during dynamic impact, it shows remarkable advantages for safety protection applications. During the past decade, there has been strong interests in the research community on the SSG composites and their various applications in cutting-edge fields. In this review, we summarize the recent research achievements of SSG composite, by focusing on the improved properties, enhanced functions, and manifold structures. Meanwhile, we also discuss the practical applications of SSG composite in battery protection, vibration control, intelligent sensing, wearable safety protection, and triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG). Finally, we propose the prospects and challenges for the further development and application of SSG composite in the future.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34151,"journal":{"name":"GIANT","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100285"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266654252400050X/pdfft?md5=fd2934bcc863b132269ef4bbe949995a&pid=1-s2.0-S266654252400050X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141024561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Biodegradation of microbial plastic poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) in soil ecosystems at different latitudes 不同纬度土壤生态系统中微生物塑料聚（3-羟基丁酸）的生物降解

IF 7 1区化学

GIANT Pub Date : 2024-05-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.giant.2024.100288

Svetlana V. Prudnikova , Evgeniy G. Kiselev , Aleksey V. Demidenko , Ivan V. Nemtsev , Ekaterina I. Shishatskaya , Sabu Thomas , Tatiana G. Volova

{"title":"Biodegradation of microbial plastic poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) in soil ecosystems at different latitudes","authors":"Svetlana V. Prudnikova , Evgeniy G. Kiselev , Aleksey V. Demidenko , Ivan V. Nemtsev , Ekaterina I. Shishatskaya , Sabu Thomas , Tatiana G. Volova","doi":"10.1016/j.giant.2024.100288","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.giant.2024.100288","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The features of the degradation of the \"green\" plastic poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) [P(3HB)] in the soil of various geographical regions were studied: in red ferralitic soil under tropical conditions (Kerala, India) and in chernozem soil under conditions of a sharply continental climate (Eastern Siberia, Russia). Significant differences in the chemical composition, temperature, and humidity of the studied soils were revealed. The number of bacteria and mycelial fungi in the Siberian chernozem was higher than in the red soil of India, from 2-3 to 10 or more times. The degradation of P(3HB) films in the chernozem occurred faster than in the red soil, which was drier, with a low content of humus and minerals, and fewer microorganisms than the chernozem. The half-life of polymer samples in Siberia and India was 64.8 and 126.4 days, respectively. During degradation, a decrease in the molecular weight and an increase in the degree of crystallinity of polymer samples were revealed, which indicates a more active biodegradation of the amorphous phase of the polymer by soil microorganisms. The primary degraders of the polymer have been isolated and identified, and it has been shown that the complexes of degrading bacteria and fungi in different types of soils did not have common species. Despite the presence of species with pronounced depolymerase activity, the rate of film degradation in red ferralitic soils was slowed down by unfavorable environmental conditions. The obtained results confirm the importance of studying the process of PHA degradation in natural conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34151,"journal":{"name":"GIANT","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100288"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666542524000535/pdfft?md5=b27097e462068a2b444a7301b194028a&pid=1-s2.0-S2666542524000535-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141032945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mechanics of single-network hydrogels with network imperfection 具有网络缺陷的单网络水凝胶的力学特性

IF 7 1区化学

GIANT Pub Date : 2024-05-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.giant.2024.100287

Zhi Sheng, Siqi Yan, Jie Ma, Jiabao Bai, Zihang Shen, Zheng Jia

{"title":"Mechanics of single-network hydrogels with network imperfection","authors":"Zhi Sheng, Siqi Yan, Jie Ma, Jiabao Bai, Zihang Shen, Zheng Jia","doi":"10.1016/j.giant.2024.100287","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.giant.2024.100287","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Polymer network is a crucial component of hydrogels, and network imperfection is a prominent feature of polymer networks, significantly influencing the performance of hydrogels. Two essential features of network imperfection are unequal chain lengths and dangling chains, both of which have a significant impact on the mechanical properties of single-network (SN) hydrogels. However, a theoretical framework considering network imperfection in SN hydrogels is still lacking. Here, we propose a theoretical model for SN hydrogels with network imperfection to study the damage behavior during deformation, in which we adopt different chain length distributions to accurately depict the real physical characteristics of the polymer network and incorporate the normalized critical chain force for a more precise measurement of network damage. To verify our theory, we discuss the effects of model parameters on the stress-stretch responses of SN hydrogels and predict the results of uniaxial loading-unloading tests of SN hydrogels, which agree well with experimentally measured stress-stretch behaviors. Finally, we implement the constitutive model into ABAQUS as a user subroutine to study the inhomogeneous deformation of hydrogels.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34151,"journal":{"name":"GIANT","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100287"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666542524000523/pdfft?md5=c4db0e5572150588908c21a2b39cdba8&pid=1-s2.0-S2666542524000523-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141038218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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