GIANT最新文献

{"title":"Amphiphlic polypropylene fibers with highly hydrophilic multi-grooved micro-structures through bicomponent melt spinning","authors":"Ruilong Liu ,&nbsp;Renhai Zhao ,&nbsp;Shunzhong Cai ,&nbsp;Fuyun Sun ,&nbsp;Kun Zhang ,&nbsp;Xin Ning ,&nbsp;George Hao","doi":"10.1016/j.giant.2025.100359","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.giant.2025.100359","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tunable surface amphiphilic polypropylene (PP) fibers and textiles with multi-grooved hydrophilic micro-structures have been prepared through a commercially scalable segmented pie bicomponent fiber melt spinning and post-treatment process. It was demonstrated that the molecular implantation of a modified polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) macromolecular chains onto the PP interface/interphase during the bicomponent melt-spinning process was responsible for the hydrophilicity inside the micro-channels (micro-groves) of the PP fibers. These hydrophilic channels brought about super capillary wicking effect through the PP fibers and fabrics that is much amplified than previous technologies to functional treatment of the fibers and fabrics via environmentally friendly aqueous processes. In aqueous dyeing treatment, for example, these multi-grooved novel amphiphilic fibers demonstrated a practical solution to the well-known dilemma that PP fiber is essentially impossible to dye due to its inherently low surface energy. Additionally, there is a great promise to expanded the amphiphilic PP to higher-value functionalities and wider-field applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34151,"journal":{"name":"GIANT","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100359"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143882792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-assembled arginine-based eutectogel microneedles as novel transdermal delivery system for pigmentation treatment","authors":"Hui Ma ,&nbsp;Yier Li ,&nbsp;Qiufeng Yao ,&nbsp;Ruixiu Qin ,&nbsp;Yanan Wang ,&nbsp;Wenhui Wu ,&nbsp;Hui Luo ,&nbsp;Qi Zhao ,&nbsp;Hua Ye ,&nbsp;Kefeng Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.giant.2025.100357","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.giant.2025.100357","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An efficient and patient-friendly strategy for administering skin pigmentation is achieved through microneedles (MNs) -mediated drug delivery into the dermal interstitium across the stratum corneum. In this work, we design a eutectogel to fabricate dissolving MNs delivery system, which were self-assembled from small molecules of arginine and sorbitol driven by hydrogen bonding interaction. The hydrogen bond-network structure conferred the arginine-sorbitol eutectogel (AsE) MNs with sufficient mechanical properties, which enable it easily pierce the thickened stratum corneum of the skin and directly deliver drugs into the deep skin lesions. Moreover, the unique eutectogel exhibits super hydrophilic properties and makes the AsE/MNs display completely dissolution and diffuse drugs rapidly. The AsE/MNs exhibit high biocompatibility and degradability in vivo and do not cause toxicity or irritation when being applied. AsE/MNs possesses remarkable drug loading capacity and stability, moreover, the permeated amounts of rutin on mice skin in the AsE/MNs was more than 15 times enhancement over that of the rutin solution group in vitro. Furthermore, the results of pharmacodynamic study in vivo demonstrated that AsE/MNs loading rutin could effectively prevent the skin pigmentation and tissue damage induced by UV irradiation. Overall, this work validated that AsE/MNs are a valuable platform for improving the transdermal bioavailability of drugs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34151,"journal":{"name":"GIANT","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100357"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143869796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Giant electro-viscous effects in polar fluids with paraelectric–modulated antiferroelectric–ferroelectric phase sequence","authors":"Hiroya Nishikawa ,&nbsp;Péter Salamon ,&nbsp;Marcell Tibor Máthé ,&nbsp;Antal Jákli ,&nbsp;Fumito Araoka","doi":"10.1016/j.giant.2025.100356","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.giant.2025.100356","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The recently discovered ferroelectric nematic liquid-crystal material DIO exhibits an antiferroelectric (AF) phase, characterized by a sinusoidally modulated structure between the paraelectric (P) and ferroelectric (F) nematic phases. Although these sinusoidal modulated structures associated with the P–AF–F phase sequence is commonly observed in solid ferroelectrics, their presence in soft matter systems is scarce. This study is aimed at examining the macroscopic properties of DIO, identifying unique rheological properties, such as switching between shear thinning and shear thickening behaviors at certain shear rate in the ferroelectric nematic phase. Additionally, a significant electroviscous effect is observed, with the viscosity increasing by 70 times under an ultra-low electric field of 0.15 V µm⁻¹ at the AF–F transition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34151,"journal":{"name":"GIANT","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100356"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143820456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Miktoarm star polymers as templates for mesoporous phenolic materials: Enhancing microphase separation and expanding phase diagrams","authors":"Ting‐Chih Chou,&nbsp;Shiao‐Wei Kuo","doi":"10.1016/j.giant.2025.100355","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.giant.2025.100355","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the field of soft matter, designing different amphiphilic chemical structures could lead to the formation of ordered microphase-separated arrangements. Unlike linear block copolymers, miktoarm star polymers have been extensively utilized and inherently enhance the conformational asymmetry value (<em>ε</em>) in the microphase separation system through their branched chemical structure, allowing control over the interfacial curvature between microphase-separated domains and facilitating the formation of unique self-assembled structures, offering the potential to expand phase diagrams. In this study, we synthesized a common linear PEO-<em>b</em>-PCL diblock copolymer via ring-opening polymerization (ROP) and also prepared an AB₃-type block copolymer, PEO-<em>b</em>-PCL₃, by linking PEO to a branched PCL₃ block through a combination of ROP and click reactions with the similar volume fraction of PEO segment. Resol-type phenolic resin was synthesized by step-growth polymerization and used as the matrix, which was mixed with different weight fractions of linear PEO-<em>b</em>-PCL and miktoarm-type PEO-<em>b</em>-PCL₃ block copolymers as templates. FT-IR analysis of these blends at room temperature revealed that, under the similar volume fraction, the miktoarm-type star polymer forms the higher fraction of intermolecular hydrogen bonds with the phenolic resin in the PCL₃ block segment, and no crystallization was observed. Variable-temperature SAXS analysis demonstrated that upon thermal cross-linking, the blends exhibited improved stability and enhanced ordered microphase-separated structures. By heating to pyrolysis temperatures to remove the template, the resulting structures were characterized by using TEM and SAXS analyses. The systems constructed by two different templates creating mesoporous materials with different ordered structures such as lamellar, hexagonal columnar, spherical, BCC packing, and even the rare short-range order Frank-Kasper phase. Through phase diagram construction, we found that even with the similar weight fraction, the ordered mesoporous structures formed using the two different type of templates displayed significant differences. Additionally, the results indicated that when the branched segment of the miktoarm-type polymer is located at the core of the micelle, the interfacial curvature decreases. Overall, this study reveals the existence of the unique short-range order Frank-Kasper phase in systems with low χ values using wet-brush blending and validates the feasibility of employing miktoarm-type polymers as templates through analysis of molecular interaction and morphological characterization. This expands the phase diagram in the direction of tuning conformational asymmetry, providing a novel approach for designing innovative or specialized ordered mesoporous materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34151,"journal":{"name":"GIANT","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100355"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143714787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structure evolution of PVDF/PBSU interpenetrating crystal frameworks during deformation investigated by in-situ synchrotron radiation SAXS/WAXS","authors":"Jiayao Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaran Miao ,&nbsp;Jianrong Zeng ,&nbsp;Xuke Li ,&nbsp;Yufei Dong ,&nbsp;Yongjin Li ,&nbsp;Fenggang Bian ,&nbsp;Jichun You","doi":"10.1016/j.giant.2025.100354","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.giant.2025.100354","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The structure evolution of interpenetrating crystal frameworks during deformation has been investigated with the help of in-situ small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) by taking poly(vinylidene fluoride)/poly(1,4-butylene succinate) (PVDF/PBSU) blend as an example. During deformation, crystal slip, fragmentation and recrystallization of PVDF occur, leading to the formation of its fibrillar structures and the newly-formed PVDF crystalline lamellae with their normal parallel to stretching direction. In this process, the enriched chains or crystals of PBSU are reorganized accompanying the structure evolution of PVDF and finally enrich among newly-formed PVDF fibrils. The phase segregation and consequent connection of crystalline lamellae, dominated by the composition in blends, play important roles in the structure evolution of PVDF/PBSU interpenetrating crystal frameworks. On the one hand, higher PBSU content in blend contributes to the poor connection and weakens stress transfer among neighboring PVDF crystalline lamellae, corresponding to the larger critical strains for lamellar-to-fibrillar transition and α-to-β transformation of PVDF. On the other hand, higher PBSU content also leads to its lamellar stack in PVDF crystal framework. The fragmentation and recrystallization of these well-connected PBSU crystals yield newly-formed PBSU crystalline lamellae with their normal parallel to the stretching direction. On the contrary, the well connection of PVDF crystalline lamellae in the case of lower PBSU content corresponds to the fast lamellar-to-fibrillar transition and α-to-β transformation of PVDF crystal framework. The PBSU crystalline lamellae in this case exhibits poor connection and results in its crystalline lamellae with <em>c</em>-axis perpendicular to the stretching direction. Our results are significant for the fundamental understanding of the deformation mechanism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34151,"journal":{"name":"GIANT","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100354"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143601679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D printable colloidal dispersions demonstrating sol-to-gel transition at low silica concentrations mediated by molecular weight distribution of polypropylene glycol oligomer","authors":"Sai Wu ,&nbsp;Qingxu Zhang ,&nbsp;Shihao Xiao ,&nbsp;Li'an Zhang ,&nbsp;Chaoyi Fan ,&nbsp;Jinpeng Wang ,&nbsp;Jian Wang ,&nbsp;Yijun Shen ,&nbsp;Yihu Song ,&nbsp;Qiang Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.giant.2025.100353","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.giant.2025.100353","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thixotropic colloidal gels composed by hydrophilic silica and polypropylene glycol (PPG) oligomer fluidize upon shear and solidify upon cease of flow, facilitating their use in 3D printing. In this study, we present a novel approach to high-fidelity 3D printing that leverages a dual-stream mixing technique within the printer nozzle for the first time. This innovative method enables the precise fabrication of colloidal objects even at low volume fractions (<em>φ</em>) of filler. The printed gels, containing a pre-stored crosslinker, can be further processed into polyurethane nanocomposites, broadening their potential applications. Rheological studies demonstrate that the sol-gel transition in these systems can be effectively controlled by adjusting the molecular weight distribution of the polydisperse PPG oligomers. This investigation has led to the creation of a comprehensive polydispersity-molecular weight-<em>φ</em> phase diagram that characterizes the behavior of the gels under different conditions. Moreover, the mechanistic studies reveal that gelation of polydisperse oligomers occurs at significantly lower <em>φ</em> compared to monodisperse systems, which is attributed to the formation of thicker glassy layers surrounding the silica nanoparticles. Our findings provide valuable insights into the design and optimization of thixotropic gels, making them promising candidates for various applications requiring precise rheological control in materials science.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34151,"journal":{"name":"GIANT","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100353"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143511736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Helically deployed Au nanoparticles using block copolymer templates as chiral plasmonic monoliths","authors":"Hsiu-Wen Tsai ,&nbsp;Sheng-Wei Shao ,&nbsp;Po-Ting Chiu ,&nbsp;Cheng-Yen Chang ,&nbsp;Yu-Chuan Sung ,&nbsp;Guan-Hong Li ,&nbsp;Yi-Ching Chen ,&nbsp;Akemi Kumagai ,&nbsp;Hiroshi Jinnai ,&nbsp;Yu-Chueh Hung ,&nbsp;Jing-Cherng Tsai ,&nbsp;Rong-Ming Ho","doi":"10.1016/j.giant.2024.100350","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.giant.2024.100350","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work aims to fabricate polymeric thin films with helically deployed gold (Au) nanoparticles by using self-assembled chiral block copolymers (BCPs*) with controlled helicity as templates, giving polymeric monolith with unique optical properties as chiral plasmonic thin film. Enantiomeric polylactide-based BCPs*, polystyrene-block-poly(<em>L</em>-lactide) (PS-<em>b</em>-PLLA) and poly-styrene-block-poly(<em>D</em>-lactide) (PS-<em>b</em>-PDLA) with disulfide junction are designed and synthesized, denoted as PS-ss-PLLA and PS-ss-PDLA, respectively. The helically deployed chemical junctions of the PS-ss-PLLA and PS-ss-PDLA thin films from the self-assembly of helix-forming BCPs* can give thiol end groups preferentially arranged in a one-handed helical fashion at the inner wall of nanoporous PS after hydrolysis of polylactide followed by reducing the disulfide into thiol. Au nanoparticles (Au NPs) with a size of 2-5 nm, resulting from reduction, can associate with the thiol end groups in the nanoporous PS, forming a helical disposition of Au NPs with specific handedness. As a result, circular dichroism (CD) signals of localized surface plasmonic resonance (LSPR) originating from the helical Au NP arrays with preferred chirality can be acquired from the polymeric monolith fabricated, giving appealing applications as chiroptical devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34151,"journal":{"name":"GIANT","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100350"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143098493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intrinsic low-dielectric Cardo polyimide with high heat resistance, high transparency, and low birefringence","authors":"Hong Li ,&nbsp;Weiyi Jin ,&nbsp;Weiyu Zhang ,&nbsp;Jie Li ,&nbsp;Jiaqi Ji ,&nbsp;Yi Tang ,&nbsp;Tianqi Yang ,&nbsp;Shujiang Zhang ,&nbsp;Haixia Yang ,&nbsp;Chenliang Gong","doi":"10.1016/j.giant.2024.100349","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.giant.2024.100349","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Low-dielectric, transparent, and high-heat-resistant polyimide (PI) films are vital for flexible electronics and high-frequency communication devices. However, balancing these properties within intrinsic polyimides remains a significant challenge. In this work, a nonplanar diamine monomer, 2,7-bis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-9,9-bis(4-nitrophenyl)-9H-fluorene (BTFDA), containing a Cardo structure and four trifluoromethyl groups, was synthesized and copolymerized with commercial monomers to produce a series of polyimides (CPI-X). These CPI-X exhibit exceptional heat resistance, with glass transition temperatures (<em>T</em>_g) exceeding 350 °C, decomposition temperatures (<em>T</em>_{d5 %}) above 530 °C, and low thermal expansion coefficients (CTE &lt; 20.8 ppm/K). Additionally, they have excellent optical properties with over 92 % transparency at 450 nm and low birefringence (Δ<em>n</em> = 0.00042). They also demonstrate good hydrophobicity with low water absorption (<em>M</em>_a% = 0.04 %) and high-water contact angles (<em>C</em>_a = 97.6°). Most importantly, the CPI-X films show excellent dielectric properties (<em>D_k</em> = 2.25, <em>D_f</em> = 0.00365 at 1 MHz, <em>D_k</em> = 2.13, <em>D_f</em> = 0.0065 at 10 GHz). Such intrinsic PI films with low <em>D</em>_k values may be ideal candidates for next-generation interlayer media.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34151,"journal":{"name":"GIANT","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100349"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143098492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermosensitive ferulic acid-modified chitosan gel coatings loaded with selenium nanoparticles for enhanced grape foliar rainfastness and selenium uptake","authors":"Songpo Duan ,&nbsp;Xin Ouyang ,&nbsp;Yingsheng Liu ,&nbsp;Dingyi Shen ,&nbsp;Zhiming Li ,&nbsp;Sijie Song ,&nbsp;Hong Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.giant.2024.100351","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.giant.2024.100351","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Traditional Se (selenium) fertilizers are poorly deposited on crop leaves and are easily washed away by rain; these factors limit plant Se absorption and pose potential environmental risks. To address this issue, a thermosensitive Se nanoparticles gel (CS-FA/BP-SeNPs) based on chitosan-ferulic acid (CS-FA) and <strong>β</strong>-glycerophosphate (<strong>β</strong>-BP) was developed to increase rain-washing resistance and Se uptake in grape leaves. The CS-FA derivative was synthesized via an amide reaction between chitosan and ferulic acid_(1:2); this derivative demonstrated strong antibacterial and antioxidant activity, effectively dispersing the Se nanoparticles (SeNPs) and preventing their aggregation. <strong>β</strong>-glycerophosphate neutralized the pH value of the CS-FA/SeNPs solution, significantly increasing the stability of the SeNPs (stable for 30 days). Up to 37 °C, the solution rapidly formed a hydrogel, increasing its viscous modulus by 5.1 times and improving adhesion. Compared with SeNPs alone, CS-FA/BP-SeNPs showed superior spreading, reducing droplet splashing and retraction. In simulated rainfall experiments, the CS-FA/BP-SeNPs gel coating retained 91.1 % of the material on the leaf surface, while the corresponding value for SeNPs was 13.6 %, demonstrating excellent rainfastness in the former. In open-field cultivation trials, grape leaves treated with the CS-FA/BP-SeNPs gel coating presented a 141.3–192.7 % increase in the Se retention rate and a 51.3–62.3 % increase in Se uptake than those with SeNPs alone. Additionally, CS-FA/BP-SeNPs significantly reduced <em>Fusarium oxysporum</em> infection rates, demonstrating potential for use in challenging outdoor environments. This thermosensitive gel coating provides an effective strategy for enhancing nanoselenium utilization on crop leaves through its temperature-responsive properties and strong postgelation adhesion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34151,"journal":{"name":"GIANT","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100351"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143099038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ions in motion: From biological channels to engineered transport systems","authors":"Bei Wu ,&nbsp;Yifan Yan ,&nbsp;Yuting Zhu ,&nbsp;Changxing Ji ,&nbsp;Yangyang Lin ,&nbsp;Chao Lang","doi":"10.1016/j.giant.2025.100352","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.giant.2025.100352","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Natural membrane proteins are molecular machines evolved over billions of years, playing crucial roles in various physiological functions by precisely mediating transmembrane transport processes. Inspired by these marvels, people have developed many artificial transport systems with structures and functions matching those of natural proteins. Compared to proteins in nature, engineered transport systems offer advantage in structural simplicity, stability, and cost-effectiveness. These artificial systems could find applications in areas ranging from medical treatment to new materials, and to biotechnologies. This review begins by examining ionic flow in nature, where the high efficiency and selectivity of protein channels have inspired engineered systems. We then explore different types of artificial transport systems, including artificial channels, transporters, and nanopores, and techniques for characterizing these systems. Applications in therapeutics, biotechnologies, separation, and energy harvesting are discussed. Finally, we offer perspectives and outlook on the further advancement of the artificial ion transport systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34151,"journal":{"name":"GIANT","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100352"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143100202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}