GIANTPub Date : 2025-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.giant.2025.100354
Jiayao Wang , Xiaran Miao , Jianrong Zeng , Xuke Li , Yufei Dong , Yongjin Li , Fenggang Bian , Jichun You
{"title":"Structure evolution of PVDF/PBSU interpenetrating crystal frameworks during deformation investigated by in-situ synchrotron radiation SAXS/WAXS","authors":"Jiayao Wang , Xiaran Miao , Jianrong Zeng , Xuke Li , Yufei Dong , Yongjin Li , Fenggang Bian , Jichun You","doi":"10.1016/j.giant.2025.100354","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.giant.2025.100354","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The structure evolution of interpenetrating crystal frameworks during deformation has been investigated with the help of in-situ small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) by taking poly(vinylidene fluoride)/poly(1,4-butylene succinate) (PVDF/PBSU) blend as an example. During deformation, crystal slip, fragmentation and recrystallization of PVDF occur, leading to the formation of its fibrillar structures and the newly-formed PVDF crystalline lamellae with their normal parallel to stretching direction. In this process, the enriched chains or crystals of PBSU are reorganized accompanying the structure evolution of PVDF and finally enrich among newly-formed PVDF fibrils. The phase segregation and consequent connection of crystalline lamellae, dominated by the composition in blends, play important roles in the structure evolution of PVDF/PBSU interpenetrating crystal frameworks. On the one hand, higher PBSU content in blend contributes to the poor connection and weakens stress transfer among neighboring PVDF crystalline lamellae, corresponding to the larger critical strains for lamellar-to-fibrillar transition and α-to-β transformation of PVDF. On the other hand, higher PBSU content also leads to its lamellar stack in PVDF crystal framework. The fragmentation and recrystallization of these well-connected PBSU crystals yield newly-formed PBSU crystalline lamellae with their normal parallel to the stretching direction. On the contrary, the well connection of PVDF crystalline lamellae in the case of lower PBSU content corresponds to the fast lamellar-to-fibrillar transition and α-to-β transformation of PVDF crystal framework. The PBSU crystalline lamellae in this case exhibits poor connection and results in its crystalline lamellae with <em>c</em>-axis perpendicular to the stretching direction. Our results are significant for the fundamental understanding of the deformation mechanism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34151,"journal":{"name":"GIANT","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100354"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143601679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
GIANTPub Date : 2025-02-20DOI: 10.1016/j.giant.2025.100353
Sai Wu , Qingxu Zhang , Shihao Xiao , Li'an Zhang , Chaoyi Fan , Jinpeng Wang , Jian Wang , Yijun Shen , Yihu Song , Qiang Zheng
{"title":"3D printable colloidal dispersions demonstrating sol-to-gel transition at low silica concentrations mediated by molecular weight distribution of polypropylene glycol oligomer","authors":"Sai Wu , Qingxu Zhang , Shihao Xiao , Li'an Zhang , Chaoyi Fan , Jinpeng Wang , Jian Wang , Yijun Shen , Yihu Song , Qiang Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.giant.2025.100353","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.giant.2025.100353","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thixotropic colloidal gels composed by hydrophilic silica and polypropylene glycol (PPG) oligomer fluidize upon shear and solidify upon cease of flow, facilitating their use in 3D printing. In this study, we present a novel approach to high-fidelity 3D printing that leverages a dual-stream mixing technique within the printer nozzle for the first time. This innovative method enables the precise fabrication of colloidal objects even at low volume fractions (<em>φ</em>) of filler. The printed gels, containing a pre-stored crosslinker, can be further processed into polyurethane nanocomposites, broadening their potential applications. Rheological studies demonstrate that the sol-gel transition in these systems can be effectively controlled by adjusting the molecular weight distribution of the polydisperse PPG oligomers. This investigation has led to the creation of a comprehensive polydispersity-molecular weight-<em>φ</em> phase diagram that characterizes the behavior of the gels under different conditions. Moreover, the mechanistic studies reveal that gelation of polydisperse oligomers occurs at significantly lower <em>φ</em> compared to monodisperse systems, which is attributed to the formation of thicker glassy layers surrounding the silica nanoparticles. Our findings provide valuable insights into the design and optimization of thixotropic gels, making them promising candidates for various applications requiring precise rheological control in materials science.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34151,"journal":{"name":"GIANT","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100353"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143511736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Helically deployed Au nanoparticles using block copolymer templates as chiral plasmonic monoliths","authors":"Hsiu-Wen Tsai , Sheng-Wei Shao , Po-Ting Chiu , Cheng-Yen Chang , Yu-Chuan Sung , Guan-Hong Li , Yi-Ching Chen , Akemi Kumagai , Hiroshi Jinnai , Yu-Chueh Hung , Jing-Cherng Tsai , Rong-Ming Ho","doi":"10.1016/j.giant.2024.100350","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.giant.2024.100350","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work aims to fabricate polymeric thin films with helically deployed gold (Au) nanoparticles by using self-assembled chiral block copolymers (BCPs*) with controlled helicity as templates, giving polymeric monolith with unique optical properties as chiral plasmonic thin film. Enantiomeric polylactide-based BCPs*, polystyrene-block-poly(<em>L</em>-lactide) (PS-<em>b</em>-PLLA) and poly-styrene-block-poly(<em>D</em>-lactide) (PS-<em>b</em>-PDLA) with disulfide junction are designed and synthesized, denoted as PS-ss-PLLA and PS-ss-PDLA, respectively. The helically deployed chemical junctions of the PS-ss-PLLA and PS-ss-PDLA thin films from the self-assembly of helix-forming BCPs* can give thiol end groups preferentially arranged in a one-handed helical fashion at the inner wall of nanoporous PS after hydrolysis of polylactide followed by reducing the disulfide into thiol. Au nanoparticles (Au NPs) with a size of 2-5 nm, resulting from reduction, can associate with the thiol end groups in the nanoporous PS, forming a helical disposition of Au NPs with specific handedness. As a result, circular dichroism (CD) signals of localized surface plasmonic resonance (LSPR) originating from the helical Au NP arrays with preferred chirality can be acquired from the polymeric monolith fabricated, giving appealing applications as chiroptical devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34151,"journal":{"name":"GIANT","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100350"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143098493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
GIANTPub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.giant.2024.100349
Hong Li , Weiyi Jin , Weiyu Zhang , Jie Li , Jiaqi Ji , Yi Tang , Tianqi Yang , Shujiang Zhang , Haixia Yang , Chenliang Gong
{"title":"Intrinsic low-dielectric Cardo polyimide with high heat resistance, high transparency, and low birefringence","authors":"Hong Li , Weiyi Jin , Weiyu Zhang , Jie Li , Jiaqi Ji , Yi Tang , Tianqi Yang , Shujiang Zhang , Haixia Yang , Chenliang Gong","doi":"10.1016/j.giant.2024.100349","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.giant.2024.100349","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Low-dielectric, transparent, and high-heat-resistant polyimide (PI) films are vital for flexible electronics and high-frequency communication devices. However, balancing these properties within intrinsic polyimides remains a significant challenge. In this work, a nonplanar diamine monomer, 2,7-bis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-9,9-bis(4-nitrophenyl)-9H-fluorene (BTFDA), containing a Cardo structure and four trifluoromethyl groups, was synthesized and copolymerized with commercial monomers to produce a series of polyimides (CPI-X). These CPI-X exhibit exceptional heat resistance, with glass transition temperatures (<em>T</em><sub>g</sub>) exceeding 350 °C, decomposition temperatures (<em>T</em><sub>d5 %</sub>) above 530 °C, and low thermal expansion coefficients (CTE < 20.8 ppm/K). Additionally, they have excellent optical properties with over 92 % transparency at 450 nm and low birefringence (Δ<em>n</em> = 0.00042). They also demonstrate good hydrophobicity with low water absorption (<em>M</em><sub>a</sub>% = 0.04 %) and high-water contact angles (<em>C</em><sub>a</sub> = 97.6°). Most importantly, the CPI-X films show excellent dielectric properties (<em>D<sub>k</sub></em> = 2.25, <em>D<sub>f</sub></em> = 0.00365 at 1 MHz, <em>D<sub>k</sub></em> = 2.13, <em>D<sub>f</sub></em> = 0.0065 at 10 GHz). Such intrinsic PI films with low <em>D</em><sub>k</sub> values may be ideal candidates for next-generation interlayer media.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34151,"journal":{"name":"GIANT","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100349"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143098492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
GIANTPub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.giant.2024.100351
Songpo Duan , Xin Ouyang , Yingsheng Liu , Dingyi Shen , Zhiming Li , Sijie Song , Hong Shen
{"title":"Thermosensitive ferulic acid-modified chitosan gel coatings loaded with selenium nanoparticles for enhanced grape foliar rainfastness and selenium uptake","authors":"Songpo Duan , Xin Ouyang , Yingsheng Liu , Dingyi Shen , Zhiming Li , Sijie Song , Hong Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.giant.2024.100351","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.giant.2024.100351","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Traditional Se (selenium) fertilizers are poorly deposited on crop leaves and are easily washed away by rain; these factors limit plant Se absorption and pose potential environmental risks. To address this issue, a thermosensitive Se nanoparticles gel (CS-FA/BP-SeNPs) based on chitosan-ferulic acid (CS-FA) and <strong>β</strong>-glycerophosphate (<strong>β</strong>-BP) was developed to increase rain-washing resistance and Se uptake in grape leaves. The CS-FA derivative was synthesized via an amide reaction between chitosan and ferulic acid<sub>(1:2)</sub>; this derivative demonstrated strong antibacterial and antioxidant activity, effectively dispersing the Se nanoparticles (SeNPs) and preventing their aggregation. <strong>β</strong>-glycerophosphate neutralized the pH value of the CS-FA/SeNPs solution, significantly increasing the stability of the SeNPs (stable for 30 days). Up to 37 °C, the solution rapidly formed a hydrogel, increasing its viscous modulus by 5.1 times and improving adhesion. Compared with SeNPs alone, CS-FA/BP-SeNPs showed superior spreading, reducing droplet splashing and retraction. In simulated rainfall experiments, the CS-FA/BP-SeNPs gel coating retained 91.1 % of the material on the leaf surface, while the corresponding value for SeNPs was 13.6 %, demonstrating excellent rainfastness in the former. In open-field cultivation trials, grape leaves treated with the CS-FA/BP-SeNPs gel coating presented a 141.3–192.7 % increase in the Se retention rate and a 51.3–62.3 % increase in Se uptake than those with SeNPs alone. Additionally, CS-FA/BP-SeNPs significantly reduced <em>Fusarium oxysporum</em> infection rates, demonstrating potential for use in challenging outdoor environments. This thermosensitive gel coating provides an effective strategy for enhancing nanoselenium utilization on crop leaves through its temperature-responsive properties and strong postgelation adhesion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34151,"journal":{"name":"GIANT","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100351"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143099038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
GIANTPub Date : 2025-01-15DOI: 10.1016/j.giant.2025.100352
Bei Wu , Yifan Yan , Yuting Zhu , Changxing Ji , Yangyang Lin , Chao Lang
{"title":"Ions in motion: From biological channels to engineered transport systems","authors":"Bei Wu , Yifan Yan , Yuting Zhu , Changxing Ji , Yangyang Lin , Chao Lang","doi":"10.1016/j.giant.2025.100352","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.giant.2025.100352","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Natural membrane proteins are molecular machines evolved over billions of years, playing crucial roles in various physiological functions by precisely mediating transmembrane transport processes. Inspired by these marvels, people have developed many artificial transport systems with structures and functions matching those of natural proteins. Compared to proteins in nature, engineered transport systems offer advantage in structural simplicity, stability, and cost-effectiveness. These artificial systems could find applications in areas ranging from medical treatment to new materials, and to biotechnologies. This review begins by examining ionic flow in nature, where the high efficiency and selectivity of protein channels have inspired engineered systems. We then explore different types of artificial transport systems, including artificial channels, transporters, and nanopores, and techniques for characterizing these systems. Applications in therapeutics, biotechnologies, separation, and energy harvesting are discussed. Finally, we offer perspectives and outlook on the further advancement of the artificial ion transport systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34151,"journal":{"name":"GIANT","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100352"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143100202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
GIANTPub Date : 2024-11-15DOI: 10.1016/j.giant.2024.100346
Gang Li, Duohua Jiang, Panpan Ren, Heng Zhao, Kai Zhang, Liping Chang, Zhongguo Liu, Shouzhi Pu
{"title":"“Clicking” Amphiphilic Block Copolymers onto POSS Core: A General Approach for “Star-like” Polymers with Different Symmetry","authors":"Gang Li, Duohua Jiang, Panpan Ren, Heng Zhao, Kai Zhang, Liping Chang, Zhongguo Liu, Shouzhi Pu","doi":"10.1016/j.giant.2024.100346","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.giant.2024.100346","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>“<em>Star-like</em>” macromolecules have been widely studied because of their unique physical and chemical properties, which play a great role in many important application fields. In this study, a library of star-like amphiphilic block copolymers consisting of a polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) core and polyethylene glycol-<em>bolck</em>-polystyrene (PEG<em><sub>m</sub></em>-<em>b</em>-PS<em><sub>n</sub></em>) diblock copolymer arms with an exact arm number were prepared through a robust copper-catalysed azide-alkyne cycloadditions (CuAAC) and strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC) click reactions. Moreover, homo- and mikto-arms star polymers with different compositions were obtained by precisely regulating the central symmetry of the POSS core. The target polymers and intermediate products were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), size exclusion chromatography (SEC), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-ToF) mass spectrometry. This study demonstrates the chemical robustness of the novel POSS-based building block and establishes a general and efficient approach to prepare star-like macromolecules, especially for asymmetric heteroarm star-like macromolecules, which serve as important model compounds in the study of their bulk properties as well as self-assembling behaviors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34151,"journal":{"name":"GIANT","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100346"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142699346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
GIANTPub Date : 2024-11-14DOI: 10.1016/j.giant.2024.100347
Jiabin Shi , Haibao Lu , Tengfei Zheng , Yong-Qing Fu
{"title":"A dynamic entanglement model for adaptive networks in amorphous polymers with pH-responsive dual-shape memory effect","authors":"Jiabin Shi , Haibao Lu , Tengfei Zheng , Yong-Qing Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.giant.2024.100347","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.giant.2024.100347","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The pH-responsive shape memory polymers (pH-SMPs) have recently attracted significant attention due to their unique and spontaneous actuation capabilities. However, there are few constitutive models developed to explore the working principles behind these complex shape memory behaviors. In this study, a dynamic entanglement model was developed for describing the pH-responsive shape memory effect (SME) in SMPs, in which the crosslinking points in polymer networks underwent reversible entanglements and disentanglements. Susceptible-Infected-Susceptible (SIS) model was firstly employed to formulate an entanglement probability function, which was used to identify the working principles for entanglements of polymer networks and shape recovery of the pH-SMPs. An entanglement free-energy function was further formulated to characterize the pH-responsive dual-SMEs based on the Flory-Huggins solution theory. Phase transition theory was then used to characterize glass transition behaviors and recovery strains of the pH-SMPs, by combining Gordon-Taylor and Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts (KWW) equations. Finally, the proposed model was verified using experimental results reported in the literature. This study provides a fundamental approach to explore the working principle and constitutive relationship between reversible entanglement and pH-responsive SME in SMPs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34151,"journal":{"name":"GIANT","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100347"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142699345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
GIANTPub Date : 2024-11-12DOI: 10.1016/j.giant.2024.100344
F. Robert Gleuwitz , Gopakumar Sivasankarapillai , Ahmed Bentaleb , Nadine Kohlhuber , Marie-Pierre G. Laborie
{"title":"Limitation and potential of lignin-assisted stabilisation of oriented liquid crystalline cellulosic mesophase","authors":"F. Robert Gleuwitz , Gopakumar Sivasankarapillai , Ahmed Bentaleb , Nadine Kohlhuber , Marie-Pierre G. Laborie","doi":"10.1016/j.giant.2024.100344","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.giant.2024.100344","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed at progressing in the fundamental understanding of the lignin-assisted microstructural stabilisation observed in solution-processed materials based on the polymer blend of hydroxypropyl cellulose and hardwood organosolv lignin. Mechanical analysis, polarised infrared spectroscopy and wide-angle X-ray scattering of shear cast blend films revealed that the effect of lignin on the flow-oriented cellulosic mesophase is also valid for blends composed of ethyl cellulose as liquid crystalline matrix polymer and lignin derived oligomers from base-catalysed depolymerisation as dispersed “microstructural cementing agent”. The results underline the significant role of the solvent diffusion between the continuous cellulosic and the dispersed lignin phase, which is ascribed to polymer-/oligomer-solvent interactions. An abundance of the solvent within the lignin phase caused the disruption of the microstructural stabilisation effect. The concept of a balanced proton-donor activity was introduced linking the solvent diffusion with the lyotropic liquid crystalline phase formation, the macro- and microstructural blend morphology and aspects regarding the solution processing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34151,"journal":{"name":"GIANT","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100344"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142699344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
GIANTPub Date : 2024-11-06DOI: 10.1016/j.giant.2024.100345
Zhongyan Zhang , Hui Li , Yuqi Guo , Yao-Hong Xue , Hong Liu
{"title":"Influence of activation/deactivation process on surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization: An in silico investigation","authors":"Zhongyan Zhang , Hui Li , Yuqi Guo , Yao-Hong Xue , Hong Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.giant.2024.100345","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.giant.2024.100345","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We propose a simulation approach to explore surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP), in which how the chain growth is affected by activation/deactivation process could be considered explicitly. Our findings indicate that these activation and deactivation mechanisms provide all polymer chains with equal growth opportunities. This process leads to a significant increase of grafting density while concurrently reducing the dispersity of the grafted chains. The ratio of activated and dormant chains is theoretically proved to eventually reach equilibrated within the activation/deactivation process. The shorter lifetime of activation/deactivation cycle leads to an even equal opportunity and a faster “stop-continue” pace for the growth of all chains. Our study is helpful for better understanding the role of activation/deactivation process in SI-ATRP from a microscopic perspective.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34151,"journal":{"name":"GIANT","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100345"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142653876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}