GIANT最新文献

{"title":"Stimuli-responsive antimicrobial polymer systems: From structural design to biomedical applications","authors":"Jia Guo ,&nbsp;Yaqi Tao ,&nbsp;Zhen Du ,&nbsp;Siqi Zhang ,&nbsp;Wei Zheng ,&nbsp;Zhibo Wang ,&nbsp;Zhuomin Yi ,&nbsp;Yangqing Gou ,&nbsp;Wen Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.giant.2025.100366","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.giant.2025.100366","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bacterial infections and drug-resistant evolution have seriously threatened public health. Stimuli-responsive antimicrobial materials have been rapidly developed to address the evolving challenges posed by multi-drug-resistant bacteria. Among various materials, polymer-based stimuli-responsive systems stand out thanks to their structural design flexibility, functional diversity, decreased systemic toxicity, and enhanced therapeutic effects compared with free drugs. In this review, we present the latest advances in stimuli-responsive antimicrobial polymer systems, summarizing their molecular structures and design principles across exogenous and endogenous stimulus types. Exogenous stimuli offer precise spatiotemporal control triggered by temperature, light, magnetic, salt, etc. Endogenous stimuli are in-situ biomarkers in the infection environment, such as pH, redox, bacterial secretions, etc. In the aim of developing antimicrobial material with high selectivity, we also summarize antimicrobial recognition strategies that enhance drug targeting efficiency. Finally, the challenges in current stimuli-responsive antimicrobial polymeric systems are discussed, opening up prospects for next-generation intelligent antimicrobial materials with enhanced efficacy, biosafety and pathogen-targeting precision.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34151,"journal":{"name":"GIANT","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100366"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144694848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanotechnology-based theranostics for bone tumors","authors":"Wenwen Zhan ,&nbsp;Shuyan Zeng ,&nbsp;Lin Yang ,&nbsp;Ye-Zhong Zhang ,&nbsp;Jing Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.giant.2025.100365","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.giant.2025.100365","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bone tumors, particularly osteosarcoma and metastatic lesions, present significant challenges in current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, often failing to meet patients’ expectations for quality of life. Recent rapid advancements in nanotechnology have introduced diverse and more effective strategies for the management of bone tumors. This review comprehensively examines the applications of nanomedicine in bone oncology, with a focused discussion on emerging developments and future prospects in imaging modalities, image-guided therapies, and targeted therapeutics. Each section critically evaluates the strengths and limitations of existing diagnostic and treatment protocols, aiming to provide innovative perspectives and methodologies for clinical management of bone tumors. The synthesis of these insights seeks to bridge current technological gaps and advance precision medicine in musculoskeletal oncology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34151,"journal":{"name":"GIANT","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100365"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144686098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low-field NMR for polymer science","authors":"Xiaojie Chen ,&nbsp;Chengyan Li ,&nbsp;Lei Wu ,&nbsp;Shaojie Yan ,&nbsp;Lingxun Qi ,&nbsp;Junfei Chen ,&nbsp;Wei Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.giant.2025.100364","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.giant.2025.100364","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Owing to its low-cost maintenance and easy adaptability, low-field NMR (LF-NMR), which is developed based on permanent magnets, has attracted increasing attention in recent decades. It shows great potential for fundamental research as well as quality assessment and control in the industry. In this review, we first present the key hardware features of LF-NMR, including magnets, radiofrequency (RF) coils, spectrometers, and hyphenated units. Subsequently, commonly used pulse sequences and basic theoretical treatments are summarized. The applications of LF-NMR in polymer science are discussed in detail, including chain dynamics, polymer networks, and hierarchical morphologies. The multiphase and multicomponent features of polymers make polymer science a suitable area for developing new LF-NMR techniques. A personal perspective on the further development of LF-NMR is also presented.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34151,"journal":{"name":"GIANT","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100364"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144670379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic regulation of polyelectrolyte brush conformations by solvent quality and trivalent ions","authors":"Minglun Li ,&nbsp;Marina Ruths ,&nbsp;Bilin Zhuang ,&nbsp;Jing Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.giant.2025.100363","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.giant.2025.100363","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Surface polyelectrolyte brush materials responsive to solvent quality and added ions have widespread applications in interfacial materials. The interplay between solvent quality and ion valency plays a pivotal role in determining the conformation of polyelectrolyte brushes, yet its mechanisms remain underexplored. In this study, we systematically investigate these coupling effects on sodium poly(styrene sulfonate) (PSS) brushes through a combination of theoretical modeling, all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and atomic force microscopy (AFM) experiments. By tuning the water-to-isopropyl alcohol (IPA) ratio in binary solvents, we reveal that solvent quality drives a gradual decrease in brush height, culminating in a rapid collapse at higher IPA volume fractions (<span><math><mrow><msub><mi>ϕ</mi><mtext>IPA</mtext></msub><mo>≈</mo><mn>0.8</mn></mrow></math></span>). Theoretically, we extend our unified framework for ion-valency effects to incorporate Flory–Huggins interaction parameters derived from solvent solubility parameters, yielding predictions consistent with experimental and simulation results. Our findings highlight that the solvent-polymer interactions govern brush height more significantly than dielectric constants in mixed solvents. Solvent-induced brush collapse occurs uniformly, whereas multivalent ions induce localized adsorption, leading to chain aggregation and non-homogeneous collapse. The constructed brush height landscape further demonstrates that solvent quality predominates for short chains, while both solvent quality and ion valency exhibit synergistic and nonlinear effects on longer chains, with pronounced collapse transitions observed under specific conditions. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the coupled effects of solvent quality and ion valency on polyelectrolyte brushes, offering valuable insights for designing stimuli-responsive surfaces. These findings are particularly relevant for applications in vapor sensing, gas separation, and advanced surface engineering technologies, where precise control over brush height and morphology is crucial.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34151,"journal":{"name":"GIANT","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100363"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144663451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combining discotic mesogens with AIE luminogens for advanced optoelectronic applications: Design, synthesis, mesomorphism, self-assembly and optical properties of tetraphenylethylene-triphenylene oligomeric conjugates","authors":"Hang Lin ,&nbsp;Ke-Xiao Zhao ,&nbsp;Bi-Qin Wang ,&nbsp;Ping Hu ,&nbsp;Ke-Qing Zhao ,&nbsp;Bertrand Donnio","doi":"10.1016/j.giant.2025.100362","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.giant.2025.100362","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The combination of different molecular entities with their own and specific functionalities within a single molecule enables the generation of potentially original multifunctional materials with unique properties and a broad range of applications across various fields. In this work, tetraphenylethylene (TPE) and triphenylene (TP) molecules are combined within a single oligomeric structure to yield original mesomorphic materials: TPE was chosen for its exceptional optical properties (AIE—aggregation-induced emission), while TP was included to ensure columnar self-assembly and mesomorphism. Two tetraphenylethylene-triphenylene tetrads, <strong>TPE-TP4</strong> and <strong>TPE-ThTP4</strong>, with a crossed-shaped molecular structure, with the central TPE connecting 4 radial TP subunits, have been synthesized by the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction. Both compounds exhibit high thermal stability, above 340°C. While <strong>TPE-TP4</strong> shows only crystalline behaviour before reversibly melting into the isotropic liquid, <strong>TPE-ThTP4</strong>, which includes an additional thiophene ring bridging the central TPE and the peripheral TPs, exhibits a rectangular “multicolumnar” phase (Col_rec), over a large temperature range of approximately 300°C. They also both self-assemble in fibers when mixed in various solvents to form organic gels. UV-visible absorption and fluorescence emission spectra reveal that both compounds have strong fluorescence properties in solutions and thin films, with emission wavelengths ranging between 460 and 550 nm. The absolute emission quantum yield is highly solvent-dependent, reaching a maximum of 84.5 % in cyclohexane. These tetrameric compounds also present aggregation-induced emission behaviour with a significant enhancement of the fluorescence intensity. Overall, the combination of discotic mesogens and AIE-gens within a single molecular framework holds great promises for the development of next-generation optoelectronic materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34151,"journal":{"name":"GIANT","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100362"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144204233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cation-π driven innovative gelatin-based hydrogels with ultrahigh adhesion and self-healing capabilities","authors":"Ruxin Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhiwei Chen ,&nbsp;Shuo Wang ,&nbsp;Bing Li ,&nbsp;Xiangyu Chen ,&nbsp;Wenhui Lu ,&nbsp;Deyi Zhu ,&nbsp;Fengchun Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.giant.2025.100361","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.giant.2025.100361","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tissue adhesives are critical for wound healing, facilitating tissue bonding and attachment to non-biological surfaces. Bio-based adhesives, such as gelatin, are attractive due to their inherent biocompatibility, biodegradability, and low immunogenicity. However, traditional gelatin-based adhesives suffer from limitations including low crosslink density, high hydrophilicity, and suboptimal surface adhesion, resulting in weak mechanical strength and inadequate adhesion. Drawing inspiration from the cation-π interaction observed in mussel adhesive proteins, a novel hydrogel with high mechanical strength and adhesion was synthesized developed by grafting N-Benzyloxycarbonyl-L-Glutaminylglycine (ZQG) onto the gelatin peptide chain and 3-(carboxypropyl)trimethyl-ammonium chloride (CPTA) onto the polylysine chain. The optimized hydrogel, designated Gel-Z-C(0.5), demonstrated exceptional performance, exhibiting impressive dry and adhesion on porcine skin strengths of 298.78 ± 36.24 kPa and 150.69 ± 9.34 kPa, respectively. Remarkably, Gel-Z-C(0.5) also displayed rapid self-healing within 70 min and excellent compressive strength (100 kPa at 85 % strain). These superior properties are attributed to the synergistic interplay of cation-π, π-π, and electrostatic interactions, fostering a robust multi-crosslinked network. Furthermore, this innovative hydrogel exhibits controlled swelling, appropriate biodegradability, and excellent biocompatibility. These findings strongly suggest the material’s potential as an effective biomedical tissue adhesive, driven by its robust adhesion, outstanding mechanical strength, and self-healing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34151,"journal":{"name":"GIANT","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100361"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144168546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Six-coordinated half-metallocene catalyst for ethylene polymerization and its mechanism study","authors":"Qian Li,&nbsp;Zifang Guo,&nbsp;Shuzhang Qu,&nbsp;Xinwei Li,&nbsp;Jian Chen,&nbsp;Yiming Wei,&nbsp;Cui Zheng,&nbsp;Zhihui Song,&nbsp;Yue Lan,&nbsp;Zhao Wen,&nbsp;Chaofan Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.giant.2025.100360","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.giant.2025.100360","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The demand for catalysts capable of enabling olefin polymerization at elevated temperatures to meet industrial requirements continues to grow. Among emerging candidates, novel six-coordinated half-metallocene catalysts, which combine the advantages of both metallocenes and non-metallocenes, show promise due to their polymerization performance and thermal stability. Despite this potential, the polymerization mechanism of six-coordinated half-metallocenes with one chloride ligand has not been clarified yet and theoretical calculation of new catalysts in olefin polymerization is an indispensable means for catalyst design and mechanism research. Herein, we present the synthesis and application of a six-coordinated half-zirconocene catalyst that exhibits outstanding polymerization activity under high-temperature conditions. Besides, we elucidate the polymerization process through a combination of theoretical studies and experimental validations. Furthermore, the chain transfer reaction during the polymerization was analyzed by the characterization of polymer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34151,"journal":{"name":"GIANT","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100360"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144089531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amphiphlic polypropylene fibers with highly hydrophilic multi-grooved micro-structures through bicomponent melt spinning","authors":"Ruilong Liu ,&nbsp;Renhai Zhao ,&nbsp;Shunzhong Cai ,&nbsp;Fuyun Sun ,&nbsp;Kun Zhang ,&nbsp;Xin Ning ,&nbsp;George Hao","doi":"10.1016/j.giant.2025.100359","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.giant.2025.100359","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tunable surface amphiphilic polypropylene (PP) fibers and textiles with multi-grooved hydrophilic micro-structures have been prepared through a commercially scalable segmented pie bicomponent fiber melt spinning and post-treatment process. It was demonstrated that the molecular implantation of a modified polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) macromolecular chains onto the PP interface/interphase during the bicomponent melt-spinning process was responsible for the hydrophilicity inside the micro-channels (micro-groves) of the PP fibers. These hydrophilic channels brought about super capillary wicking effect through the PP fibers and fabrics that is much amplified than previous technologies to functional treatment of the fibers and fabrics via environmentally friendly aqueous processes. In aqueous dyeing treatment, for example, these multi-grooved novel amphiphilic fibers demonstrated a practical solution to the well-known dilemma that PP fiber is essentially impossible to dye due to its inherently low surface energy. Additionally, there is a great promise to expanded the amphiphilic PP to higher-value functionalities and wider-field applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34151,"journal":{"name":"GIANT","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100359"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143882792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-assembled arginine-based eutectogel microneedles as novel transdermal delivery system for pigmentation treatment","authors":"Hui Ma ,&nbsp;Yier Li ,&nbsp;Qiufeng Yao ,&nbsp;Ruixiu Qin ,&nbsp;Yanan Wang ,&nbsp;Wenhui Wu ,&nbsp;Hui Luo ,&nbsp;Qi Zhao ,&nbsp;Hua Ye ,&nbsp;Kefeng Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.giant.2025.100357","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.giant.2025.100357","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An efficient and patient-friendly strategy for administering skin pigmentation is achieved through microneedles (MNs) -mediated drug delivery into the dermal interstitium across the stratum corneum. In this work, we design a eutectogel to fabricate dissolving MNs delivery system, which were self-assembled from small molecules of arginine and sorbitol driven by hydrogen bonding interaction. The hydrogen bond-network structure conferred the arginine-sorbitol eutectogel (AsE) MNs with sufficient mechanical properties, which enable it easily pierce the thickened stratum corneum of the skin and directly deliver drugs into the deep skin lesions. Moreover, the unique eutectogel exhibits super hydrophilic properties and makes the AsE/MNs display completely dissolution and diffuse drugs rapidly. The AsE/MNs exhibit high biocompatibility and degradability in vivo and do not cause toxicity or irritation when being applied. AsE/MNs possesses remarkable drug loading capacity and stability, moreover, the permeated amounts of rutin on mice skin in the AsE/MNs was more than 15 times enhancement over that of the rutin solution group in vitro. Furthermore, the results of pharmacodynamic study in vivo demonstrated that AsE/MNs loading rutin could effectively prevent the skin pigmentation and tissue damage induced by UV irradiation. Overall, this work validated that AsE/MNs are a valuable platform for improving the transdermal bioavailability of drugs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34151,"journal":{"name":"GIANT","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100357"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143869796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Giant electro-viscous effects in polar fluids with paraelectric–modulated antiferroelectric–ferroelectric phase sequence","authors":"Hiroya Nishikawa ,&nbsp;Péter Salamon ,&nbsp;Marcell Tibor Máthé ,&nbsp;Antal Jákli ,&nbsp;Fumito Araoka","doi":"10.1016/j.giant.2025.100356","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.giant.2025.100356","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The recently discovered ferroelectric nematic liquid-crystal material DIO exhibits an antiferroelectric (AF) phase, characterized by a sinusoidally modulated structure between the paraelectric (P) and ferroelectric (F) nematic phases. Although these sinusoidal modulated structures associated with the P–AF–F phase sequence is commonly observed in solid ferroelectrics, their presence in soft matter systems is scarce. This study is aimed at examining the macroscopic properties of DIO, identifying unique rheological properties, such as switching between shear thinning and shear thickening behaviors at certain shear rate in the ferroelectric nematic phase. Additionally, a significant electroviscous effect is observed, with the viscosity increasing by 70 times under an ultra-low electric field of 0.15 V µm⁻¹ at the AF–F transition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34151,"journal":{"name":"GIANT","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100356"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143820456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}