Water CyclePub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.watcyc.2024.05.003
Alaa I. Khedr, Nasr M. Ahmed, Sally M. Salaah, Safaa I. Tayel, Yosry A. Soliman, Mohamed E. Goher
{"title":"Assessment of PAH pollution in mediterranean lakes and health implications for fish and consumers, case study: Manzala Lake, Egypt","authors":"Alaa I. Khedr, Nasr M. Ahmed, Sally M. Salaah, Safaa I. Tayel, Yosry A. Soliman, Mohamed E. Goher","doi":"10.1016/j.watcyc.2024.05.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watcyc.2024.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study aims to investigate the distribution, sources, and compositions of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in Manzala Lake water and the organs of two fish species: <em>M. cephalus</em> and <em>O. niloticus</em>. In addition, it aims to assess associated health risks and examine protein pattern responses and histopathological lesions in fish from different lake sectors. ∑PAH, ∑COMB, and ∑CAR varied between (0.122–51.895), (0.1–49.63), and (0.08–19.949) μg/L, respectively. Many PAH compounds in the water exceeded the guidelines; benzo[<em>a</em>]pyrene in the muscles of <em>O. niloticus</em> exceeded the European Union (EU) guidelines (2 μg/kg), recording 14.18 and 4.59 μg/kg in the eastern and southern sectors, respectively. In general, the ∑PAH in the muscles of <em>O. niloticus</em> (799.79 ± 26.02 μg/kg) were higher than those of <em>M. cephalus (</em>213.75 ± 8.69 μg/kg<em>)</em> in the eastern sector, which indicates a high potential risk associated with the consumption of <em>O. niloticus</em>. The electrophoresis of protein patterns of the fish muscles recorded site- and species-specific alterations in the proteinogram. <em>M. cephalus</em> exhibited higher sensitivity to PAH but developed a greater tolerance to PAH contamination than <em>O. niloticus</em>. The histopathological investigation reported several lesions in both fish tissue samples, particularly from the southern sector. Fish from Manzala Lake can pose a carcinogenic risk to consumers, mainly <em>O. niloticus</em>, where the PAH4 carcinogenic index was above the EU guidelines (12 μg/kg) in <em>O. niloticus</em> from all sectors. The study highlights lake management's importance in preserving biodiversity and ensuring food safety.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34143,"journal":{"name":"Water Cycle","volume":"5 ","pages":"Pages 199-214"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666445324000199/pdfft?md5=b8ba8df9db273752af2a32eb4849f0c4&pid=1-s2.0-S2666445324000199-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141136339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Water CyclePub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.watcyc.2024.04.001
Yongbei Ye , Hualei Shi , Yaobin Lu , Yongjun Liao , Songwei Lin , Haiping Luo
{"title":"Enhanced electricity generation of a 1.2-L microbial fuel cell with acclimation of applied voltage","authors":"Yongbei Ye , Hualei Shi , Yaobin Lu , Yongjun Liao , Songwei Lin , Haiping Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.watcyc.2024.04.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watcyc.2024.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of acclimation at different applied voltages on the electricity generation and composition of anodic biofilm in microbial fuel cell (MFC). Single-chamber air-cathode 1.2-L MFCs were acclimated by different applied voltages (i.e., 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 V). The maximum power density of 1587 mW/m<sup>2</sup> and maximum current density of 32.2 ± 0.3 A/m<sup>2</sup> were obtained in the MFC after the acclimation by 1.0 V, respectively, which were 10.5 and 1610 times that of the unacclimated MFC. The MFC acclimated by 2.0 V could remain in stable operation with an average maximum current density of 7.8 ± 0.1 A/m<sup>2</sup> and a maximum power density of 1439 ± 30 mW/m<sup>2</sup> within 40 cycles (∼20 d). The average biomass of the anodic biofilms increased from 3.8 ± 0.9 mg/g before the acclimation to 11.3 ± 1.6 mg/g after the acclimation by 2.0 V. Correspondingly, the anode bacterial viability increased from 0.74 ± 0.02 to 0.91 ± 0.02. The relative abundance of <em>Geoalkalibacter</em> decreased from 18.7 % to 36.1 % before the acclimation to 1.3 %–18.0 % after the acclimation by 2.0 V in the bacterial communities of the anodic biofilms in the MFC. Results from this study should provide an easy way to enhance electrochemically active bacteria acclimation and improve electricity generation in the MFC.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34143,"journal":{"name":"Water Cycle","volume":"5 ","pages":"Pages 156-166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666445324000138/pdfft?md5=ffb8a3951ba809ce04b70f36d500155c&pid=1-s2.0-S2666445324000138-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140645271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Water CyclePub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.watcyc.2024.03.004
Zhaoliang Zhu , Xinyi Jiang , Xinyu Ji , Jiquan Yin , Bingfang Shi , Yonggang Li , Feng Qi
{"title":"Effect of phosphorus on the performance of sulfur autotrophic denitrification","authors":"Zhaoliang Zhu , Xinyi Jiang , Xinyu Ji , Jiquan Yin , Bingfang Shi , Yonggang Li , Feng Qi","doi":"10.1016/j.watcyc.2024.03.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watcyc.2024.03.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Autotrophic denitrification, recognized as a biological denitrification method, has garnered increasing interest in the field of ecological water environment denitrification technology. This study focuses on the utilization of the sulfur autotrophic denitrification process for the deep denitrification treatment of wastewater. Furthermore, it investigates the impact of phosphorus on nitrogen removal efficiency and bacterial community structure of sulfur autotrophic denitrification. In the experiment, a column containing an autotrophic denitrification filter with a carbon-sulfur filler was constructed. This study aimed to examine the impact of phosphorus on the initiation and denitrification efficiency of the autotrophic denitrification filter column. High-throughput sequencing was used to examine alterations in the structure of the bacterial community. The experimental findings indicated that the absence of phosphorus in the influent considerably extended the initiation period of the autotrophic denitrification filter column. The average Total Inorganic Nitrogen (TIN) removal rate was determined to be 80.26%, while the effluent exhibited an accumulation concentration of NO<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup>-N ranging from 7 to 11 mg/L. After the addition of phosphate, the removal rate of NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>-N in the autotrophic denitrification process increased to more than 97%, with no<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup>-N accumulation. As the influent phosphorus concentration increased, the ability of the sulfur autotrophic denitrification filter column to resist hydraulic impact load improved. At a NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>-N concentration of 30 mg/L and Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) = 2 h, the mean NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>-N removal rate increased from 73.22% to 81.71%. The concentration of phosphorus affected the quantity and variety of primary bacteria in the sulfur autotrophic denitrification system, as their domination changed from <em>Pseudomonas</em> to <em>Ferritrophicum</em> and <em>Thiobacillus</em>, and from a mixed culture to complete autotrophy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34143,"journal":{"name":"Water Cycle","volume":"5 ","pages":"Pages 137-145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666445324000126/pdfft?md5=5b0301accd666b24b6f7d7ed37969cc8&pid=1-s2.0-S2666445324000126-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140404142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Water CyclePub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.watcyc.2024.04.002
Yongjun Liao, Yongbei Ye, Xindi Chen, Haoran Xin, Shuyue Ma, Songwei Lin, Haiping Luo
{"title":"Treatment of metronidazole pharmaceutical wastewater using pulsed switching peroxi-coagulation combined with electro-Fenton process","authors":"Yongjun Liao, Yongbei Ye, Xindi Chen, Haoran Xin, Shuyue Ma, Songwei Lin, Haiping Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.watcyc.2024.04.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watcyc.2024.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The aim of this study was to investigate the metronidazole (MNZ) degradation and real MNZ pharmaceutical wastewater treatment in the pulsed switching peroxi-coagulation (PSPC) process. Different pulsed switching frequencies and running times of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and Fe<sup>2+</sup> productions were tested in the PSPC process. Results demonstrated that MNZ removal of 96.9 ± 1.2 % was realized in the PSPC process with a 200 mg/L MNZ and 0.1 M Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> solution within 80 min under a pulsed switching frequency of 6s: 1s and a current density of 20 mA/cm<sup>2</sup> (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) and 20 mA/cm<sup>2</sup> (Fe<sup>2+</sup>). High MNZ removal could be attributed to efficient •OH production with the highest •OH concentration reached 321 ± 15 μM in the PSPC process. The hydroxyl and carboxyl groups of MNZ were sequentially oxidated by •OH and mineralized based on seven identified intermediates during the MNZ degradation. However, only 56.9 ± 6.7 % of COD was removed in the real MNZ wastewater treatment by the PSPC process within 90 min. A PSPC combined with electro-Fenton (EF) process was developed to enhance the COD removal in the MNZ wastewater. With MNZ wastewater as electrolytes, 3.3 ± 0.3 g/L of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> was produced in a conventional EF reactor. The final COD removal reached 86–90 % using the mixture of effluent from the PSPC, the anode, and cathode chambers of the EF reactor, resulting in less than 80 mg/L COD in the effluent. Results from this study should provide a useful way to enhance real MNZ pharmaceutical wastewater treatment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34143,"journal":{"name":"Water Cycle","volume":"5 ","pages":"Pages 167-175"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266644532400014X/pdfft?md5=b24477006df60b0cbc6253360a78cd29&pid=1-s2.0-S266644532400014X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140773424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Water CyclePub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.watcyc.2024.05.001
Jialin Liu , Xue Bai , Yan Bai
{"title":"Analysis and standardization of coal chemical wastewater treatment and reuse systems","authors":"Jialin Liu , Xue Bai , Yan Bai","doi":"10.1016/j.watcyc.2024.05.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watcyc.2024.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To meet the practical needs of classified collection, graded treatment, and quality recycling of coal chemical wastewater, and in accordance with the standardization requirements of wastewater resource utilization, the Standardization Administration of China released the national standard GB/T 42,866-2023 ″Guidelines for Coal Chemical Wastewater Treatment and Recycling Technology” on August 6, 2023, for the first time. Based on the standard, this paper comprehensively and systematically sorts out and analyzes the characteristics, processes, water circulation systems, and standardization paths of units such as coal chemical wastewater collection and treatment, recycling, and the treatment of concentrated brine water, through extensive industry research. Furthermore, by integrating typical engineering case practices, this paper explains the feasibility of the paths, which provides technical guidance and experience for relevant cases of coal chemical wastewater treatment and recycling. It is also of great importance for promoting the standardized management and development of coal chemical wastewater treatment and recycling worldwide.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34143,"journal":{"name":"Water Cycle","volume":"5 ","pages":"Pages 176-184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666445324000175/pdfft?md5=23252b38b9318418779d2823bf9a5213&pid=1-s2.0-S2666445324000175-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140947116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Enhancing short-term streamflow forecasting of extreme events: A wavelet-artificial neural network hybrid approach","authors":"Yulia Gorodetskaya , Rodrigo Oliveira Silva , Celso Bandeira de Melo Ribeiro , Leonardo Goliatt","doi":"10.1016/j.watcyc.2024.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watcyc.2024.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate short-term streamflow forecasting models are crucial for effective water resource management, enabling timely responses to extreme flood or drought events and mitigating potential socioeconomic damage. This study proposes robust hybrid Wavelet Artificial Neural Network (WANN) models for real-world hydrological applications. Two WANN variants, WANN<sub><em>one</em></sub> and WANN<sub><em>multi</em></sub>, are proposed for short-term streamflow forecasting of extreme (high and low) flows at eight gauging stations within Brazil's Paraíba do Sul River basin. WANN<sub><em>one</em></sub> directly feeds both the original streamflow data and the decomposed components obtained through an <em>À</em> Trous wavelet transform into the ANN architecture. Conversely, WANN<sub><em>multi</em></sub> utilizes separate ANNs for the original data, with the final streamflow estimate reconstructed via the inverse wavelet transform of the individual ANN outputs. The performance of these WANN models is then compared against conventional ANN models. In both approaches, Bayesian optimization is employed to fine-tune the hyperparameters within the ANN architecture. The WANN models achieved superior performance for 7-day streamflow forecasts compared to conventional ANN models. WANN models yielded high R<sup>2</sup> values (>0.9) and low MAPE (4.8%–14.7%) within the expected RMSE range, demonstrating statistically significant improvements over ANN models (71% and 75% reduction in RMSE and MAPE, respectively, and 69% increase in R<sup>2</sup>). Further analysis revealed that WANN<sub><em>multi</em></sub> models generally exhibited superior performance for low extreme flow predictions, while WANN<sub><em>one</em></sub> models achieved the highest accuracy for high extreme flows at most stations. WANN models' strong performance suggests their value for real-time flood warnings, enabling improved decision-making in areas like flood/drought mitigation and urban water planning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34143,"journal":{"name":"Water Cycle","volume":"5 ","pages":"Pages 297-312"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142426882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Water CyclePub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.watcyc.2024.02.003
Siswoyo Hadi , Endita Prima Ari Pratiwi , Budi Santoso Wignyosukarto
{"title":"The dynamic of pH and EC in the Katingan tidal irrigation system, under influences of acid water, brackish water, and tidal movement","authors":"Siswoyo Hadi , Endita Prima Ari Pratiwi , Budi Santoso Wignyosukarto","doi":"10.1016/j.watcyc.2024.02.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watcyc.2024.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Katingan tidal irrigation area frequently experiences high salinity due to its coastal position and acidity due to the acid sulphate soil type and water discharge from the neighboring peat forests. This study aims to investigate the dynamic of pH and Electrical Conductivity (EC) caused by the interaction of peat water and brackish water, which is impacted by tides in an acid sulphate soil environment. Field measurements were conducted to collect data on water level, pH, and EC in both channels and fields. The dynamic of acid water from peat forests and acid sulphate soils with brackish water in the irrigation network was investigated using HEC-RAS simulations. The simulation incorporates water level, EC, and pH recorded at the Katingan River from December 22, 2022, to January 5, 2023. The results of simulations are calibrated with observed data at the main channel. The influence of brackish water on increasing pH and EC (pH = 5–7, EC = 0–5.94 dS/m) is more significant in hydrotopography Type A, but it is less significant (pH = 4–5.5, EC = 0–2.25 dS/m) in hydrotopography Type B, which is less affected by brackish water. The water pH is more acidic in hydrotopography Type C, which is not impacted by tides. These simulation results may serve as a foundation for developing and operating sluice gates to improve water quality by allowing or preventing the entry of water into the irrigation network.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34143,"journal":{"name":"Water Cycle","volume":"5 ","pages":"Pages 76-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666445324000059/pdfft?md5=30934460a139c5b448695703b8db4909&pid=1-s2.0-S2666445324000059-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139986850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Water CyclePub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.watcyc.2024.02.006
Rosye Hefmi Rechnelty Tanjung , Ervina Indrayani , Lalu Panji Imam Agamawan , Baigo Hamuna
{"title":"Water quality assessment to determine the trophic state and suitability of Lake Sentani (Indonesia) for various utilisation purposes","authors":"Rosye Hefmi Rechnelty Tanjung , Ervina Indrayani , Lalu Panji Imam Agamawan , Baigo Hamuna","doi":"10.1016/j.watcyc.2024.02.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watcyc.2024.02.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Lake Sentani is one of the national priority lakes that must be saved from eutrophication and the threat of water quality degradation due to pollution. This study aims to assess the water quality parameters of Lake Sentani at ten study sites. We use two assessments to determine the trophic state, referring to Indonesia's criteria for lake trophic levels and the Trophic State Index (TSI). Also uses the Water Quality Index (WQI) to determine the suitability level of Lake Sentani water for various utilisation purposes. The study results show that the concentration of several parameters has exceeded the class-A to class-D quality standards. Lake Sentani tends to be eutrophic to hypereutrophic due to the high concentration of nutrient elements. Likewise, the TSI method classifies Lake Sentani into eutrophic to hypertrophic states (TSI<sub>TP</sub>: 68.21–79.19). Lake Sentani's water transparency level includes eutrophic and mesotrophic (TSI<sub>SD</sub>: 44.47–47.94) states. Based on the WQI value, the water quality of Lake Sentani is predominantly classified as poor to marginal as a source of drinking water (WQI: 44.56–54.10), so it is not suitable for use as a source of drinking water. Water quality is marginal if used to support recreational activities (WQI: 55.56–63.92). For use in aquaculture and irrigation, the water quality of Lake Sentani is classified as fair (WQI: 65.64–76.91) and good to excellent (WQI: 89.01–100.00), respectively. So, it is suitable for supporting aquaculture activities and as a water source for irrigation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34143,"journal":{"name":"Water Cycle","volume":"5 ","pages":"Pages 99-108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666445324000084/pdfft?md5=8337dd5477b3bc1d55373a9b3ea6c162&pid=1-s2.0-S2666445324000084-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140096187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Water CyclePub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.watcyc.2024.06.002
Lin Li , Lequn Qu , Sudan Lin , Qiaoping Kong , Tong Yu , Haifeng Zhang , Si-Kyung Cho , Weiwei Ma , Xueqing Shi
{"title":"Enhanced the plant germination in sandy soil by novel sludge-based biochar prepared with residual sludge after EPS extraction as soil amendment","authors":"Lin Li , Lequn Qu , Sudan Lin , Qiaoping Kong , Tong Yu , Haifeng Zhang , Si-Kyung Cho , Weiwei Ma , Xueqing Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.watcyc.2024.06.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watcyc.2024.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The preparation of novel sludge-based biochar and its application as soil amendments are considered as an environmentally friendly way to realize sludge recycling. In this study, a novel sludge-based biochar (RBC) was prepared by residual sludge after extracellular polymers (EPS) extraction, and the effect of RBC as soil amendment on the ryegrass germination in sandy soil was explored. The results indicated that the biochar yield by residual sludge after EPS extraction was higher than that by raw sludge. Compared with the raw sludge-based biochar (SBC), a variety of new functional groups and crystalline structures were formed in RBC, and the specific surface area and pore volume were significantly increased. Furthermore, a largest NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N adsorption capacity of 7.6 mg/g was achieved by HNO<sub>3</sub> modified RBC (MRBC) under an optimum pH of 7. Moreover, the ryegrass germination rate and ryegrass height were increased by 52.0 % and 213.4 % in sandy soil with MRBC adsorbed with NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N as soil amendment compared with that in sandy soil with SBC addition. Accordingly, RBC has great potential for the preparation of novel sludge-based biochar and plays a prominent role as a soil amendment in enhancing plant growth in sandy soil. The above research will provide a new direction for the advanced resource utilization of sewage sludge.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34143,"journal":{"name":"Water Cycle","volume":"5 ","pages":"Pages 215-222"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666445324000217/pdfft?md5=9be2df0b8e46b982f86edc92998bf5cd&pid=1-s2.0-S2666445324000217-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141429732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}