Water Cycle最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of climate change impact on future flood in the Bagmati river basin, Nepal using CMIP6 climate projections and HEC-RAS modeling","authors":"Sushmita Malla (Doctor Course Student) ,&nbsp;Koichiro Ohgushi (Doctor of Engineering,Professor)","doi":"10.1016/j.watcyc.2025.08.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watcyc.2025.08.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The unpredictability of hydrological patterns attributed to climate change has led to significant alterations in weather patterns, precipitation irregularities, and temperature extremes. These changes have resulted in natural calamities, prompting an examination of the impact of climate change on evolving flood patterns. This study investigates the potential effects of projected future precipitation in the Bagmati River Basin, Nepal, on flood inundation extent during three different time periods in this century. Two General Circulation Models (GCMs) climate scenarios under the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP 6) framework were employed to project future conditions. The Hydrologic Engineering Center's River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) was utilized to simulate flood events and generate maps for these climate scenarios. The findings suggest that i) precipitation levels are anticipated to increase in both models under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP) 2–4.5 and 5–8.5 scenarios, with the most pronounced increase projected between 2071 and 2100 under the EC-EARTH3 SSP5-8.5 scenario, indicating a 120% rise from the reference period, and ii) flood inundation areas are expected to expand relative to the simulated reference period, with the most extreme scenario under SSP5-8.5 forecasting potential inundation of 359 km² and 342 km² in the ACCESS-CM2 and EC-EARTH3 models, respectively. By examining these future scenarios, this study aims to enhance the understanding of the long-term impacts of climate change on flooding events and support the development of effective strategies for mitigation and adaptation. These findings are crucial for policymakers, urban planners, and disaster management professionals to prepare for and address the challenges posed by climate-induced flooding in the coming decades.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34143,"journal":{"name":"Water Cycle","volume":"7 ","pages":"Pages 164-180"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145219561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A rotating magnetic field propelled photocatalytic Fe3O4/g-C3N4 microrobot for degrading phenol and methylene blue: kinetics, mechanisms, and effect of water matrices","authors":"Luhui Xu ,&nbsp;Jianxin Zhang ,&nbsp;Jiani Zhang ,&nbsp;Yanping Zhang ,&nbsp;Hong Liu ,&nbsp;Ning Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.watcyc.2025.08.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watcyc.2025.08.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) has attracted widespread attention in the photocatalytic degradation of pollutants due to its unique thermal and physicochemical properties, whereas the low photocatalytic efficiency and difficulties in recycling limit its use. To improve the photodegradation of phenol and methylene blue in water, a new rotating magnetic field (RMF) propelled photocatalytic Fe₃O₄/g-C₃N₄ (FC) microrobot system has been created. The results demonstrated that the integration of RMF significantly enhanced the photocatalytic degradation of phenol and methylene blue by the Fe₃O₄/g-C₃N₄ microrobot. Under conditions of 1 g/L catalyst dosage and 2 A RMF excitation current, the Fe₃O₄/g-C₃N₄ microrobot with 20 % (w/w) Fe₃O₄ content (FC20) exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity, achieving 92.8 % degradation of phenol and &gt;99.9 % degradation of methylene blue within 300 min. Furthermore, FC20 demonstrated excellent reusability, maintaining high degradation efficiency after four consecutive cycles. Factors such as magnetic induction, photocatalyst dosage, and pH were found to influence the degradation efficiency of phenol and methylene blue by Fe₃O₄/g-C₃N₄ microrobots. Additionally, the effects of inorganic ions and water matrices on the degradation of phenol and methylene blue were investigated. By studying the degradation mechanisms, it was revealed that the order of influence of reactive species during the photodegradation process was: h⁺&gt;·O₂⁻&gt;·OH. In conclusion, the combined FC-RMF system has great potential for improving the removal of phenol and methylene blue pollutants from water.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34143,"journal":{"name":"Water Cycle","volume":"7 ","pages":"Pages 128-138"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145157769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A sulfur-autotrophic bacterial-algal synergistic system for enhanced nitrogen and phosphorus removal","authors":"Xintong Feng ,&nbsp;Jiquan Yin ,&nbsp;Ganlu Zhu ,&nbsp;Ning Guo ,&nbsp;Zhaoliang Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.watcyc.2025.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watcyc.2025.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address the limitations of traditional bacteria–algae symbiotic systems in treating low C/N wastewater—specifically, the high demand for external carbon sources and stringent aerobic conditions. This study constructed and investigated a novel sulfur-based autotrophic bacteria–algae synergistic system (BAS) aimed at achieving efficient and low-energy nitrogen and phosphorus removal. By optimizing operational parameters, the study systematically evaluated pollutant removal performance and operational stability and further elucidated the underlying mechanisms through microbial community structure analysis. The results showed that under conditions without external organic carbon input and aeration, the BAS system achieved NO₃⁻-N and TP removal efficiencies of 92 %–98.6 % and 60 %–65 %, respectively. The extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) content significantly increased; <em>Chlorella</em> exhibited robust growth with minimal biomass loss, and sludge flocculation performance was enhanced, enabling effective adsorption of byproducts such as SO₄²⁻. Dominant genera such as <em>Thiobacillus</em>, <em>Sulfurimonas</em>, and <em>Ferritrophicum</em> were further enriched during the stable operation of the system. Driven by light-dark cycle regulation, the system achieved temporally coupled, high-efficiency nitrogen and phosphorus removal through bacteria–algae cooperation, effectively overcoming the carbon limitation bottleneck of traditional systems under low C/N conditions. This provides a novel approach for developing energy-efficient biological wastewater treatment technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34143,"journal":{"name":"Water Cycle","volume":"7 ","pages":"Pages 181-191"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145219562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A hybrid approach for exploring the spatiotemporal patterns of precipitation in Sudan: Insights from neural network clustering and Fourier-wavelet transform analysis","authors":"Csaba Ilyés ,&nbsp;Musaab A.A. Mohammed ,&nbsp;Norbert P. Szabó ,&nbsp;Péter Szűcs","doi":"10.1016/j.watcyc.2025.07.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watcyc.2025.07.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the spatiotemporal variation of precipitation is critical for climate modeling, resource management, and agricultural planning. This study employs self-organizing maps (SOM), discrete Fourier transform (DFT), and wavelet transform (WT) to analyze monthly precipitation data from 80 monitoring stations across Sudan from 2010 to 2019. Initially, cluster analysis identified six distinct precipitation clusters that align with the north-south precipitation gradient, ranging from arid conditions in the northern desert to tropical rainfall in the south. SOM analysis revealed distinct spatial and temporal precipitation patterns, with notable variations between nodes representing climatic zones, such as arid deserts, semi-arid areas, and tropical rainfall zones. This analysis confirmed that central parts of Sudan serve as a transition between northern and southern climatic regimes. The spectral analysis using DFT identified dominant precipitation cycles across measurement points, including annual and semi-annual cycles, detected at all sites with the highest amplitudes. Cycles of 4 months, 3 months, and 2.5 months were also observed, with varying relative amplitudes across regions. Notably, a 60-month (5-year) cycle appeared at specific locations, potentially linked to the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO) and El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Complementary wavelet transformation results confirmed the dominance of annual and semi-annual cycles, although shorter cycles such as 2.5 months and 24 months were detected. The outcomes of this research provided a robust framework for understanding rainfall variability, enabling sustainable water resource management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34143,"journal":{"name":"Water Cycle","volume":"7 ","pages":"Pages 151-163"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145219560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How cascade dams reshape river thermal seasons: Satellite tracking of delayed spawning windows and range contractions in the Yangtze","authors":"Xiaoyu Liu ,&nbsp;Xinyuan Peng ,&nbsp;Manjie Li ,&nbsp;Zi Wu ,&nbsp;Lu Chang","doi":"10.1016/j.watcyc.2025.07.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watcyc.2025.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The construction of cascade hydropower stations along the Yangtze River has fundamentally altered its natural thermal regime, with significant implications for aquatic ecosystems. This study integrates multi-source remote sensing data (Landsat 5/7/8 TIR), NCEP/NCAR reanalysis datasets, and long-term hydrological observations (1988–2021) to systematically evaluate the spatiotemporal impacts of major reservoirs on water temperature dynamics. Results reveal that cascade impoundment has amplified seasonal thermal fluctuations, with spring low-temperature discharges reducing downstream water temperatures by 0.4–1.8 °C and winter warm-water releases increasing temperatures by 1.2–2.2 °C. The timing of annual minimum water temperatures has been delayed by 35–42 days, disrupting critical life-cycle events for endemic fish species. Comparative analysis demonstrates that after impoundment, the temperature conditions often exceed the spawning threshold of protected species such as the Chinese sturgeon (16–20 °C). The successful spawning migration has decreased by 62%, and only 28% of the historical spawning grounds maintain appropriate temperature conditions. Thermophilic species have expanded their range upstream by 120–150 km, while cold - adapted species have suffered a range contraction of 45–60%. The study emphasizes the combined effects of multi - reservoir operations, indicating that later - built dams extend the thermal impact upstream. Moreover, in the warmer downstream river sections, the decomposition rate of organic matter has accelerated by 35–50%, significantly altering the nutrient cycling dynamics. These findings provide critical insights for optimizing ecological dispatching strategies and underscore the need for integrated management approaches that balance hydropower generation with ecosystem conservation in large river basins. The methodological framework combining remote sensing with ecological thresholds offers a transferable approach for assessing dam impacts in other regulated river systems worldwide.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34143,"journal":{"name":"Water Cycle","volume":"7 ","pages":"Pages 120-127"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144866224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A recyclable magnetic piezoelectric composite Fe3O4/SrBi2Ta2O9 for efficient antibiotic removal in water under ball milling","authors":"Dongyi Chen ,&nbsp;Xingsheng Li ,&nbsp;Ning Li ,&nbsp;Zhenjian Zhou ,&nbsp;Zhikui Zhou ,&nbsp;Xiaoyun Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.watcyc.2025.07.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watcyc.2025.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Confronting the significant environmental and public health challenges posed by the escalating threat of antibiotic pollution, piezocatalytic technology has emerged as a promising solution. However, its practical implementation remains constrained by the low degradation efficiency with powdered piezocatalysts, which face the challenge of difficult recovery, as well as the low degradation efficiency caused by the coverage of active sites during the processes of recovery or degradation. Herein, we used the hydrothermal method to load Fe₃O₄ onto SrBi₂Ta₂O₉ (Fe/SBTO). The results demonstrated that Fe/SBTO achieved degradation efficiencies of 96.8% for Oxytetracycline (OTC) and 97.0% for Tetracycline (TC) within 30 min. Its degradation efficiency for OTC was 2.34 times higher than that of SBTO and even 3.13 times higher than that of conventional piezoelectric material T-BaTiO₃. The high degradation efficiency of the material can be attributed to the built-in electric field formed between Fe/SBTO heterojunction under ball milling, which promotes the separation of the piezo-induced charges, thereby enhancing the generation of singlet oxygen and hole. Furthermore, the composite piezocatalyst can be easily recovered using magnets, with a recovery rate of up to 90%. This work presents a promising approach for addressing antibiotic pollution in water and offers insights into enhancing traditional powder materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34143,"journal":{"name":"Water Cycle","volume":"7 ","pages":"Pages 48-56"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144756821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of the Cumulative Biotic Index (CBI) and other biotic indices in assessing ecological health of the Upper Citarum River, Indonesia","authors":"Jojok Sudarso ,&nbsp;Aiman Ibrahim ,&nbsp;Sugiarti ,&nbsp;Cynthia Henny Aziz ,&nbsp;Indra Setiadi Hermana ,&nbsp;Etty Riani ,&nbsp;Prima Mayaningtyas ,&nbsp;Muhammad Yamin ,&nbsp;Mochammad Zamroni ,&nbsp;Angelita Frisca ,&nbsp;Rosetyati Retno Utami","doi":"10.1016/j.watcyc.2025.06.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watcyc.2025.06.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The macroinvertebrate multimetric concept is widely employed to assess the ecological condition of freshwater ecosystems subjected to anthropogenic pressures. In this study, the Cumulative Biotic Index (CBI) was evaluated as a region-specific biocriteria-based tool to assess the ecological health of the Upper Citarum River, which has been heavily impacted by socioeconomic development. The objectives were to (1) assess the diversity and evenness of benthic macroinvertebrate communities, (2) identify key environmental factors influencing community structure, and (3) evaluate the sensitivity of the CBI in comparison with other established biological indices. Field surveys were conducted between September 2022 and August 2023 across 15 stations, applying rapid assessment protocols to measure water quality, habitat conditions, and benthic macroinvertebrate identifications. A total of 124 macroinvertebrate genera were identified, with diversity and evenness categorized as moderate to low (H’ = 2.6–0.3 nits) and stability ranging from medium to low (J = 0.75–0.27), indicating a decline at disturbed sites. Multivariate analyses revealed that organic enrichment (total nitrogen, total phosphorus), sedimentation (turbidity, percent embeddedness), and habitat disturbance (habitat index) were the primary factors shaping community composition. Among seven tested biological indices, the CBI demonstrated the highest sensitivity in distinguishing ecological gradients, underscoring its potential as a robust biomonitoring tool for evaluating restoration efforts in river ecosystems, particularly in Indonesia and other tropical rivers with similar conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34143,"journal":{"name":"Water Cycle","volume":"7 ","pages":"Pages 83-98"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144781246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fe-Cu-loaded γ-Al2O3 as an efficient heterogeneous Fenton catalyst for the advanced treatment of petrochemical wastewater","authors":"Shiqi Jiang ,&nbsp;Changyong Wu ,&nbsp;Qi Huang ,&nbsp;Yin Yu ,&nbsp;Peijian Zhang ,&nbsp;Chenjie Wang ,&nbsp;Xiyan Ou ,&nbsp;Min Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.watcyc.2025.06.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watcyc.2025.06.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A novel Fe-Cu/γ-Al₂O₃ heterogeneous Fenton catalyst was developed for the degradation of real petrochemical secondary effluent using H₂O₂ under near-neutral pH conditions (6–8). This approach addresses key limitations of traditional Fenton systems, including their narrow pH range and generation of iron sludge. No sludge formation was detected, and Fe/Cu leaching remained below 1 mg/L after nine consecutive reuse cycles, confirming the catalyst's stability and reusability. The catalyst was synthesized via impregnation and calcination, with preparation parameters optimized using a one-factor-at-a-time method. Under optimal conditions (Fe: 0.28 mol/L; Cu: 0.20 mol/L; 500 °C; 7 h), 50.15% TOC removal was achieved using 20 g catalyst and 13.73 mmol/L H₂O₂. Characterization techniques (SEM, BET, XRD, XPS) confirmed the structural features, while EPR and quenching experiments revealed that ·OH and HO₂⁻ were the dominant reactive species. The Fe(III)/Fe(II) and Cu(II)/Cu(I) redox pairs on the catalyst surface were identified as active sites for H₂O₂ activation. This study demonstrates a robust, sludge-free Fenton-like system with practical potential for advanced petrochemical wastewater treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34143,"journal":{"name":"Water Cycle","volume":"7 ","pages":"Pages 19-30"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144749638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal effects of rainfall on characteristics and environment response of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in urban rivers: insights from spectroscopy and machine learning","authors":"Kun Shi ,&nbsp;Jiafeng Zhang ,&nbsp;Yuting Zhao ,&nbsp;Shilei Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.watcyc.2025.06.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watcyc.2025.06.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban river dissolved organic matter (DOM) is particularly vulnerable to monsoon climate rainfall impacts, but its mechanism remains unclear. The characteristics and environmental responses of DOM were analyzed by means of excitation-emission matrix combined with parallel factor analysis (EEM-PARAFAC) and machine learning. The results showed that the total nitrogen (TN) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) of downstream urban water (DUW) were significantly higher than those of upstream urban water (UUW) (P &lt; 0.01), and the rivers were generally in a mesotrophic state (TSI_M &gt; 30). Parallel factor analysis PARAFAC identified two humic-like components (C1 and C3) and one protein-like component (C2), with the variation order being C3 → C2 → C1. In different seasons, the abundance of protein-like components in UUW (29.78%–86.90%) was significantly higher than that in DUW (9.06%–66.86%), while in DUW, humic-like components dominated (33.12%–90.94%). DOM overall exhibited low humification and strong autochthonous characteristics (HIX &lt;4 and BIX &gt;1). Machine learning indicated that nitrogen concentration, pH, and temperature (T) were the key environmental factors affecting DOM components. The DOM network of UUW exhibited more complex topological properties. Path analysis showed that the properties of DOM in UUW in summer were most affected by its source, while in other spatiotemporal distribution states, Fe had the greatest impact on DOM properties. Our study highlights the complexity of DOM dynamic changes and their environmental significance under the background of rainfall, urbanization, and climate change, providing a scientific basis for urban river water quality management and protection strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34143,"journal":{"name":"Water Cycle","volume":"7 ","pages":"Pages 57-67"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144756829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impacts of polystyrene microplastics on development, energy transfer and nutrient cycling of biofilms: A comprehensive chronic toxicity study","authors":"Shuangshuang Li ,&nbsp;Duo Xu ,&nbsp;Yu Zheng ,&nbsp;Heng Liu ,&nbsp;Yan Song ,&nbsp;Mingcan Cai ,&nbsp;Chun Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.watcyc.2025.06.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watcyc.2025.06.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The escalating prevalence of microplastics (MPs) in aquatic ecosystems is anticipated to exert a significant impact on the growth and development of aquatic biota. Nonetheless, the current body of research on the mechanisms through which microplastics influence biofilm colonization in freshwater systems remains insufficiently elucidated. To address this research gap, we investigated the impact of polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) on biofilm growth and development, with a particular focus on their effects on functional metabolism in freshwater environments. Using controlled long-term experiments, we explored the influence of PS-MPs at concentrations of 1, 10, and 100 mg/L over 52 days on microbial community structure, alpha and beta diversity and functional potential. The results showed a concentration-dependent inhibition of biofilm biomass and chlorophyll <em>a</em> content, with the most severe reduction (43.5% in biomass, 31.4% in chlorophyll <em>a</em>) occurring at 100 mg/L PS-MPs. LDH activity, indicative of oxidative stress, significantly increased under PS-MPs exposure, especially during early biofilm development, suggesting acute cellular stress. In addition, PS-MPs likely disrupt carbon and nitrogen cycling within biofilms, as evidenced by the increased relative abundance of <em>Pseudomonas</em> and <em>Cyanobacteria</em> under high PS-MPs concentrations, indicating microbial community adaptation to environmental stressors. Functional prediction analyses further revealed altered expression in key metabolic pathways, such as those involved in antioxidant synthesis, nitrogen metabolism, and purine biosynthesis. The findings provide critical insights for understanding the ecological risks posed by MPs and underline the necessity of developing targeted strategies for pollution mitigation and ecological restoration in freshwater systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34143,"journal":{"name":"Water Cycle","volume":"7 ","pages":"Pages 7-18"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144749705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}