Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics最新文献_第2页

Forensic Economics Regarding Fuel Accounting in Armed Forces of Ukraine 关于乌克兰武装部队燃料核算的法医学经济学

Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics Pub Date : 2022-12-22 DOI: 10.32353/khrife.2.2022.08

N. Panchenko, Irina Нordiіenko, O. Grek

{"title":"Forensic Economics Regarding Fuel Accounting in Armed Forces of Ukraine","authors":"N. Panchenko, Irina Нordiіenko, O. Grek","doi":"10.32353/khrife.2.2022.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32353/khrife.2.2022.08","url":null,"abstract":"Theoretical best practices of forensic experts on peculiarities of fuel accounting in transport and defense fields has been studied and a list of legislative and regulatory acts regulating the procedure for accounting, movement and write-off of fuel and lubricants in military units is given. The authors aimed to highlight the issue of fuel accounting in conditions of martial law and Russian military aggression, document effective use of fuel by military units of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and territorial defense while carrying out combat missions. Research objects of forensic economic examinations are summarized, range of powers granted to experts while conducting such examinations is outlined. Peculiarities of the accounting and movement of military property that are characteristic of the rules for receiving, accounting, issuing and writing off material assets in Armed Forces of Ukraine are indicated. The issues and tasks solved by forensic experts while forensic economic examinations related to accounting and use of fuel by military units of Armed Forces of Ukraine are defined. The list of legislative and normative legal acts that should be guided by forensic economists in their professional activities while accounting for military property, is presented. Attention has been drawn to the unsettledness of some issues of such accounting (for example when some legislative acts have lost their validity, and new ones have not been adopted instead) causing certain difficulties. The main types of accounting of military property (quantitative and qualitative accounting; accounting of military property in numerical and value indicators) are highlighted and disclosed.","PeriodicalId":340932,"journal":{"name":"Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127133872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Issues of Compensation for Damages Caused to a Citizen as a Result of Armed Aggression: riminal and Procedural Aspects 武装侵略对公民造成损害的赔偿问题:刑事和诉讼方面

Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics Pub Date : 2022-12-22 DOI: 10.32353/khrife.2.2022.02

O. Kaplina, S. Sharenko

{"title":"Issues of Compensation for Damages Caused to a Citizen as a Result of Armed Aggression: riminal and Procedural Aspects","authors":"O. Kaplina, S. Sharenko","doi":"10.32353/khrife.2.2022.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32353/khrife.2.2022.02","url":null,"abstract":"Current issues of reparation for damages caused to Ukraine by Russia armed aggression: a full-scale war, unprecedented (compared to the Second World War and the rest of the wars of the 21st century) in scope, cruel in essence, genocidal in purpose, devastating in means and consequences are considered. One of consequences of war and war crimes committed by Russian aggressors starting from February 24, 2022, is massive destruction and damage to housing and other property of Ukrainian citizens. Within framework of initiated criminal proceedings, damages are compensated by filing a civil lawsuit. However, specifics of the grounds of such a lawsuit cause the occurrence of certain risks for the victim, as well as problems with law enforcement and the exercise of their powers by investigators and prosecutors. In particular, difficulties may lie in the impossibility of inspecting the scene of the incident, which will ultimately negatively affect the determination of the amount of damage caused (calculation of the material equivalent of the damage). Determining the amount of damage caused as a result of the destruction or destruction of housing is also problematic, as it often requires the appointment of an expert opinion, while the scale of the destruction within the state makes it impossible to conduct such an expert opinion in a reasonable time. Attention is focused on the issues of establishing the person who should be responsible for the claim, or the civil defendant. Possibility of overcoming the jurisdictional immunity of Russia as a defendant in the declared civil lawsuits was also considered. Conducted research made it possible to formulate proposals on mechanism of compensation for the damage caused, as well as on improvement of current criminal procedural legislation of Ukraine.","PeriodicalId":340932,"journal":{"name":"Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128893908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Technical Malfunctions Determination of Vehicle Brake System while Road Accident Analysis 道路交通事故分析中车辆制动系统技术故障的确定

Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics Pub Date : 2022-12-22 DOI: 10.32353/khrife.2.2022.09

Artem Koshkarov

{"title":"Technical Malfunctions Determination of Vehicle Brake System while Road Accident Analysis","authors":"Artem Koshkarov","doi":"10.32353/khrife.2.2022.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32353/khrife.2.2022.09","url":null,"abstract":"Issues related to the driver's characterization of condition and technical malfunction of the vehicle braking system before a traffic accident are considered. This Article Purpose is to determine specifics of a technical malfunction of a vehicle braking system before a traffic collision, as well as to consider the interaction of investigative bodies with experts (in particular, in criminal proceedings related to traffic accidents) while establishing reliability of driver statements. Features of appointment of a forensic auto- technical road accident analysis aimed at establishing technical condition of braking system of vehicles, preparation of initial data and research objects are structured. The goals and objectives of the investigation of the technical malfunction of the brake system of the vehicle before the traffic accident are outlined. The procedure for establishing the reliability of drivers' statements about mechanism of development of a traffic accident is specified. Issues related to the study of the vehicle brake system, troubleshooting and their causes are considered. Theoretical provisions and practical recommendations for the application of special knowledge in process of researching the technical condition of the braking system of the vehicle and identifying its malfunctions are formulated. The causal relationship between driver actions and detected malfunctions of the vehicle's braking system was clarified. Attention is drawn to possible consequences and features of the further investigation of the traffic accident after determining technical reliability of driver statements.","PeriodicalId":340932,"journal":{"name":"Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121370189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Peculiarities of Determining Affecting Properties of Small-bore Bullets After Ricochet 确定小口径子弹弹跳后影响性能的特点

Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics Pub Date : 2022-12-22 DOI: 10.32353/khrife.2.2022.05

Oleksandr Kolomiitsev, V. Sapielkin, P. Giverts, Oleksandr Herman

{"title":"Peculiarities of Determining Affecting Properties of Small-bore Bullets After Ricochet","authors":"Oleksandr Kolomiitsev, V. Sapielkin, P. Giverts, Oleksandr Herman","doi":"10.32353/khrife.2.2022.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32353/khrife.2.2022.05","url":null,"abstract":"Authors aimed to summarize experimental researches of affecting properties of monolithic .22 Long Rifle bullets after their ricochet from various types of obstacles. Alternative criterion for evaluating the affecting properties of bullets is proposed using this criterion it is possible to forecast the degree and severity of bodily injuries after ricochet. Specifics and conditions under which fragmentation of monolithic small-bore bullets occurs are revealed, as well as flight speed of bullets and their fragments after impact-contact interaction with obstacles of various types is determined. Special attention is paid to research on interaction nature of bullets and their fragments with a viscoelastic environment imitating biological human body tissues after ricocheting. It has been determined that energy concept of affection to biological target and criteria for its evaluation research on affecting properties of bullets after ricochet have limited application, since it is not always possible to accurately determine initial conditions of hitting as the bullets themselves as their individual fragments. Obtained results of experimental research and field tests made possible to form an alternative criterion for assessing the severity of bodily injuries that a person suffered as a result of being hit by small- bore lead bullets after ricocheting. It is the length of the wound channel caused by a bullet or its fragments as a result of their impact on a person’s body after ricocheting. A calculation method for determining the length of the caused wound channel is proposed that can be used in forensic expert practice to determine potential injury to human life and health.","PeriodicalId":340932,"journal":{"name":"Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125958359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Research on Grape and Fruit and Berry Wines and Detection of their Falsification 葡萄、果酒和浆果酒的研究及其造假检测

Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics Pub Date : 2022-12-22 DOI: 10.32353/khrife.2.2022.07

A. Klimchuk, Olha Bui, Jose Manuel Colodras, O. Pashkova

{"title":"Research on Grape and Fruit and Berry Wines and Detection of their Falsification","authors":"A. Klimchuk, Olha Bui, Jose Manuel Colodras, O. Pashkova","doi":"10.32353/khrife.2.2022.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32353/khrife.2.2022.07","url":null,"abstract":"Grape and fruit and berry wines were studied in order to detect signs of their falsification by adding synthetic dyes. \u0000It is noted that in the process of analysis (examination) of unknown liquids provided for research, specialists must first of all establish the nature of such objects. It is possible to find out only after identifying the spectrum of features characteristic of the object in its actual state. The list of organic acids, which are components of grape and fruit and berry wines, was established experimentally; the possibility of determining organic acids in the analyzed samples was proven; signs of falsification of wines with the addition of dyes were given and methods of their detection were proposed. One of the cornerstone requirements for forensic examination is the mandatory confirmation of the results of analysis by at least two reliable methods, therefore, in the proposed scientific research, options for the study of some synthetic dyes using methods of thin- layer chromatography, IR spectroscopy and the addition of alkaline solutions are considered. It was established that the set of specific organic acids in grape and fruit and berry wines, which can be detected using the chromatography method, makes it possible to use them as differential signs in the process of establishing the nature of the wine. Samples of real grape wines are marked by a high concentration of tartaric acid, which is present only in grape products. It has been proven that the set of methods for studying grape and fruit and berry wines, aimed at determining the presence and identification of synthetic dyes, makes it possible to answer the questions posed by the examination on the falsification of winemaking products by coloring.","PeriodicalId":340932,"journal":{"name":"Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics","volume":"126 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122557778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics: War Challenges 法医学和犯罪学的理论与实践:战争挑战

Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics Pub Date : 2022-12-22 DOI: 10.32353/khrife.2.2022.01

Oleksandr Kliuiev

引用次数: 1

Identifying Taxonomic Belonging of Animal HairUsing Instrumental and Microscopic Methods 用仪器和显微镜方法鉴定动物毛发的分类归属

Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics Pub Date : 2022-12-22 DOI: 10.32353/khrife.2.2022.04

L. Derecha, Oleksandr Borzov, Florin Rusitorіu

{"title":"Identifying Taxonomic Belonging of Animal HairUsing Instrumental and Microscopic Methods","authors":"L. Derecha, Oleksandr Borzov, Florin Rusitorіu","doi":"10.32353/khrife.2.2022.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32353/khrife.2.2022.04","url":null,"abstract":"Urgent need to develop a methodology for identifying taxonomic belonging of animal hair using modern research methods (identification of additional objective criteria in the case of a comparative research on material evidence, namely: animal hair) is considered that contributes to solving a larger range of issues raised while appointment forensic biological examination. Authors aimed to substantiate possibility of identifying the taxonomic affiliation of animal hair using instrumental and microscopic methods, in particular, scanning electron microscope, allowing forensic biologists to study the surfaces of objects of animal origin, both of significant linear dimensions, and of microparticles in a wide range of magnifications (from 10× to more than 200,000×), providing a resolution of up to 10–9 m. Obtaining a general image of the surface and selecting appropriate areas for detailing (at the maximum possible magnifications) does not require significant reconfiguration of the device. A significant depth of focus provides detailed images of various surfaces with developed relief (cracks; traces of mechanical damage; morphological specifics of periodically reproduced surface structures). Contrast is the detection result of reflected electrons (depending on the distribution of phase components differing in chemical composition the studied sample surface). The proposed method of researching animal hair will significantly expand possibilities of examination of these objects: it will reduce the time and increase the accuracy of conducting such research, as well as make it possible to supplement illustrative material (for example, microphotographs of hair cuticles of frequently encountered animal species).","PeriodicalId":340932,"journal":{"name":"Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132022499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Problems of Russian Aggression Investigation against Ukraine 俄罗斯对乌克兰侵略调查的问题

Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics Pub Date : 2022-12-22 DOI: 10.32353/khrife.2.2022.03

M. Shepitko

{"title":"Problems of Russian Aggression Investigation against Ukraine","authors":"M. Shepitko","doi":"10.32353/khrife.2.2022.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32353/khrife.2.2022.03","url":null,"abstract":"Current state of investigation of military, war and other crimes caused by Russian aggression against Ukraine is studied, legal and procedural issues of their investigation are outlined. Attention is drawn to the national, foreign and international nature of the investigation of such crimes, which indicates their scale and complexity. Issues that arisen due because of conducting of hostilities on Ukrainian territory and their consequences were also considered (danger of investigative actions, lack of qualified personnel, the existence of a significant number of refugees and temporarily displaced persons, etc.). The purpose of tis research is related to beginning of the unprovoked large-scale war of Russian Federation against Ukraine and the need to bring to criminal responsibility the persons responsible for its resolution, which involves the investigation of war, military and other crimes on the territory of Ukraine and requires the solution of certain urgent problems. Particular attention is paid to Ukrainian unsuccessful attempts to ratify and implement the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, which can complicate the assessment of socially dangerous actions in accordance with the Criminal Code of Ukraine and the requirements of the International Criminal Court and hinder the creation of a legal basis for bringing the aggressor to criminal responsibility. In this context, the criminal procedural legislation needs changes that will facilitate the conduct of investigative and judicial actions under martial law conditions, as well as the introduction of electronic justice in Ukraine (in particular, the use of video communication and the provision of information during the transmission and collection of convincing data).","PeriodicalId":340932,"journal":{"name":"Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics","volume":"153 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127274991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Research Peculiarities of Sebaceous Traces of Palms and Fingers Using the Projectina Docustat DS-210 device 利用Projectina Docustat DS-210装置研究手掌和手指皮脂腺痕迹的特性

Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics Pub Date : 2022-12-22 DOI: 10.32353/khrife.2.2022.11

Arsen Baghdasaryan

{"title":"Research Peculiarities of Sebaceous Traces of Palms and Fingers Using the Projectina Docustat DS-210 device","authors":"Arsen Baghdasaryan","doi":"10.32353/khrife.2.2022.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32353/khrife.2.2022.11","url":null,"abstract":"Сharacteristic features of technological research on palm and finger prints are de- fined and described in detail. Considerable attention has been paid to methodical approach development that enables forensic research to be carried out without harming integrity of the paper medium on which in- visible prints are left. The opinion that use of Projectina Docustat DS-210 and Regula 4305 devices (in the case of applying the principle of gradual combination) provides an opportunity to prepare at least preliminary conclusions regarding identification of belonging (non-belonging) of invisible fat traces to the same person. Attention is focused on the possible solution of forensic tasks (during the next stages of the investigation) regarding identification of the chemical composition of substances in fat traces, that makes pos- sible to determine whether the suspect was in contact with material evidence in the case (for example, with weapons, drugs etc.). The research purpose is to formulate certain preliminary conclusions before further conducting objective fingerprinting examination it- self, as well as to ensure the integrity of the source document by applying a methodical approach developed in ‘’National Bureau of Expertises’’ State Non-Profit Organization of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia that will help forensic expert to more accurately identify belonging (non-belonging) of invisible fat traces to the same person.","PeriodicalId":340932,"journal":{"name":"Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics","volume":"136 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131300140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Problematic Issues on the Use of Forensic Analysis During Investigation of Crimes 刑事侦查中运用法医分析的若干问题

Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics Pub Date : 2022-12-22 DOI: 10.32353/khrife.2.2022.06

O. Aleksandrenko

{"title":"Problematic Issues on the Use of Forensic Analysis During Investigation of Crimes","authors":"O. Aleksandrenko","doi":"10.32353/khrife.2.2022.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32353/khrife.2.2022.06","url":null,"abstract":"The article purpose is to consider possibilities of applying the method of forensic analysis in the detection and investigation of crimes, to identify problematic issues and ways of optimizing the specified activity of law enforcement agencies. Particular attention is paid to the directions and possibilities of using forensic analysis for the detection and investigation of crimes. Positive examples of the use of forensic analysis in investigative practice for the purpose of uncovering and investigating crimes are presented, as well as the shortcomings of this method are outlined. The effectiveness of the considered method and its availability are noted. The necessity of using forensic analysis in combination with other analytical methods is substantiated. Problematic issues of the application of the method of forensic analysis are identified, ways of solving them are proposed. The need for proper methodical support for the use of forensic analysis in the investigation of crimes was noted. Attention is focused on the fact that the use of forensic analysis requires awareness of its possibilities, in particular, a certain level of knowledge and skills in applying this method during an investigation, gaining experience in using its results in practice, as well as relevant literature and methodological recommendations and access to them by all employees of law enforcement agencies engaged in the detection and investigation of crimes. The need for a comprehensive solution to the problem of methodological support for the use of forensic analysis by all interested state bodies with the involvement of the necessary scientific potential for conducting relevant research and preparing practical recommendations in order to ensure the proper conditions for effective detection and investigation of crimes is emphasized. Keywords: criminalistics; forensic analysis; investigation of crimes; methodological support; serial murders; sexual maniacs; investigative leads.","PeriodicalId":340932,"journal":{"name":"Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129847426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0