Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics最新文献_第3页

Possibilities of forensic video and audio analysis while investigation of crimes, related to human trafficking 在调查与人口贩运有关的罪行时进行法医视频和音频分析的可能性

Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics Pub Date : 2022-12-22 DOI: 10.32353/khrife.2.2022.10

O. Brendel, K. Nikulin, Elvira Aslanovi

{"title":"Possibilities of forensic video and audio analysis while investigation of crimes, related to human trafficking","authors":"O. Brendel, K. Nikulin, Elvira Aslanovi","doi":"10.32353/khrife.2.2022.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32353/khrife.2.2022.10","url":null,"abstract":"This article purpose is to investigate current issues arising while preparation of materials and appointment of forensic video and audio analysis in case of investigations of crimes related to human trafficking, as well as possibilities of analysis for forming the investigation evidence base. Attention is focused on the global and international significance of human trafficking issues, aggravation of people exploitation in war conditions. Exploitation types of victims of human trafficking and responsibility for committing such crimes were analyzed; types of procedural actions are given, for which technical means are used to obtain video and audio information in order to record traces of crimes; main legal characteristics of such procedural actions are specified. Mistakes that subjects of crime investigation make while obtaining evidence that causes loss of a large part of evidence at the stage of the trial, are considered. Specifics and modern possibilities of forensic video and audio analysis for investigation of such crimes are highlighted; it was found out exactly what information from investigated records is used by investigative bodies and for what purpose. An analysis of the tasks solved thanks to video and sound recording expertise and their role in law enforcement activities for further use in court proceedings was carried out. On the basis of researched materials, attention is focused on the results of forensic examinations contributing to resolution of topical issues regarding qualification of acts and circumstances of committed crimes in the field of human trafficking and exploitation of such people, as well as strengthens the evidence base in the case. There are a number of requirements for the proper preparation of materials for forensic video and audio analysis.","PeriodicalId":340932,"journal":{"name":"Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126639951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Foreign experience of interaction of forensic science institutions with law enforcement agencies and possibility of its use in Ukraine 法医科学机构与执法机构相互作用的国外经验及其在乌克兰使用的可能性

Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics Pub Date : 2022-01-30 DOI: 10.32353/khrife.2.2021.03

A. Polianskyi, G. Juodkaitė-Granskienė

{"title":"Foreign experience of interaction of forensic science institutions with law enforcement agencies and possibility of its use in Ukraine","authors":"A. Polianskyi, G. Juodkaitė-Granskienė","doi":"10.32353/khrife.2.2021.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32353/khrife.2.2021.03","url":null,"abstract":"The law enforcement sector of our state is a separate mechanism which each element performs a clearly defined functional role that ensures social justice, protection and security of population, territorial integrity of Ukraine. These factors are an incomplete list of features that explain the importance of state activity in law enforcement or human rights. The latter brings together a large array of different actors each of which is entrusted with part of power or socially significant tasks. However, when carrying out law enforcement activities, authorized entities cannot always be able to address certain complex issues that require specific professional knowledge, skills and abilities. Therefore, for their resolving, law enforcement agencies cooperate with specially authorized entities that powers include conducting forensic examinations, in particular, forensic science institutions. In this context, it should be emphasized that ensuring effective cooperation between forensic institutions and law enforcement agencies is virtually impossible without creating appropriate administrative and legal framework for implementation of legal relations in this direction. \u0000 It should be noted that in recent years, the legislator scientific circles pays more and more attention to activities of forensic science institutions and law enforcement agencies. However, this does not preclude existence of a number of organizational and legal issues in implementation of these entities of their joint activities. \u0000Thereby in the framework of the presented research we aimed to find out essence, content and features of administrative and legal bases of interaction of forensic science institutions with law enforcement agencies, make maximum use of foreign experience, and develop proposals and recommendations to improve legislation in this area.","PeriodicalId":340932,"journal":{"name":"Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130661138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Improving quality of research publications: temporial imperative 提高研究出版物的质量:当务之急

Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics Pub Date : 2022-01-30 DOI: 10.32353/khrife.2.2021.01

O. Kliuiev

引用次数: 1

Solving certain integration tasks in forensic handwriting analysis 解决法医笔迹分析中的某些集成任务

Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics Pub Date : 2021-12-30 DOI: 10.32353/khrife.3.2021.10

Natalia Syrotenko, R. Tamoshiunaite, V. Abrosymova

{"title":"Solving certain integration tasks in forensic handwriting analysis","authors":"Natalia Syrotenko, R. Tamoshiunaite, V. Abrosymova","doi":"10.32353/khrife.3.2021.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32353/khrife.3.2021.10","url":null,"abstract":"Economic system reforms and corresponding crime evolution in recent years have determined relevance of further theoretical development of diagnostic issues of handwriting research. Due to significant expansion of scientific knowledge boundaries about the laws of writing and methods of forensic examination of handwriting objects, current state of forensic handwriting examination allows to solve a wide range of issues of identification and diagnostic nature. \u0000The aim of the authors was to demonstrate complexity of handwriting diagnostic research of signaturehandwriting, constant importance of such examinations for the practice of judicial and investigative bodies of Ukraine. This publication is devoted to modern issues of research of the handwriting realizations performed through changed movements and the decision of identification and diagnostic tasks on such objects. \u0000The main provisions of forensic handwriting theory on research on handwriting objects made by altered movements, mainly due to confusing factors of natural character. Examples from forensic practice of National Scientific Center «Hon. Prof. M. S. Bokarius Forensic Science Institute» (Kharkov, Ukraine). The research proved possibility of solving integration tasks of forensic handwriting analysis of the above handwriting realizations. \u0000The following methods: dialectical, empirical research, system-structural analysis and synthesis, observation, comparison, qualitative-descriptive, graphic, experiment and modeling ones were used to consider asked questions.","PeriodicalId":340932,"journal":{"name":"Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics","volume":"136 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122660102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Genesis and Issues of Using Latest Technologies and Artificial Intelligence in Criminalistics, Forensic Expert Activity and Pre-Trial Investigation 应用最新技术和人工智能在刑法学、法医鉴定活动和审前侦查中的起源和问题

Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics Pub Date : 2021-12-30 DOI: 10.32353/khrife.3.2021.04

Oleksandr Ukhno

{"title":"Genesis and Issues of Using Latest Technologies and Artificial Intelligence in Criminalistics, Forensic Expert Activity and Pre-Trial Investigation","authors":"Oleksandr Ukhno","doi":"10.32353/khrife.3.2021.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32353/khrife.3.2021.04","url":null,"abstract":"The genesis of development and ways to improve theoretical and applied areas of criminalistics, forensic expertology and criminal procedure for solving forensic, procedural, organizational and other issues of implementation and use of science and technology in pre-trial investigation and trial of criminal offenses in various historical offenses in Ukraine. Special attention is paid to the scientific approach to the selection, implementation, use of computers, telecommunications, digital and other modern technologies and networks, artificial intelligence and advances in science and technology in forensics, expertise and pretrial investigation. The scientific positions of individual scientists and representatives of domestic and foreign scientific schools on these issues were studied and analyzed (inparticular, on the discussion, coverage and legislative consolidation in the legal and procedural mechanisms of selection, implementation and use of these technologies). The author’s vision is expressed and the scientific position on the raised problem questions and ways of their decision is formulated. \u0000The aim is to analyze the historical development and current state of forensic, procedural and organizational issues of selection, licensing, use, adaptation of modern information, digital, telecommunications, computer and other technologies (including artificial intelligence) in forensics, expertise and pre-trial investigation, as well as the regulatory framework governing certain issues in this area.","PeriodicalId":340932,"journal":{"name":"Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128770150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Theoretical and methodological model of criminalistics and its new directions 犯罪学的理论和方法模型及其新方向

Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics Pub Date : 2021-12-30 DOI: 10.32353/khrife.3.2021.02

Valerii Shepitko

{"title":"Theoretical and methodological model of criminalistics and its new directions","authors":"Valerii Shepitko","doi":"10.32353/khrife.3.2021.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32353/khrife.3.2021.02","url":null,"abstract":"This research paper purpose is to find out tendencies of development of criminalistics in globalized world, define its borders, forecast emergence of new directions and to characterize them. \u0000Theoretical and methodological model of criminalistics is studied, tendencies and specifics of formation of criminalistics in modern conditions are traced. \u0000Formation of internal structure of criminalistics (its system) is considered, connection with other sciences (natural sciences, humanities, social, formal) is determined, relationship with forensic sciences (forensicmedicine, forensic toxicology, forensic psychology, forensic chemistry, etc.) and forensic expertology is established. Attention is drawn to the orientation of the forensic vector of Ukraine to a single forensic European space. Necessity of creating a new section in the structure of criminology, namely: forensic strategy is substantiated. \u0000Origin specifics, formation and development of new branches (directions) of criminology are considered: competitive, judicial, medical, genotypic, aerospace, computer (digital) and nuclear ones. Necessity of using forensic knowledge by different parties in criminal proceedings both in while of pretrial investigation and in legal proceedings is argued. The subjects of specific expertise application of forensic knowledge should be not only the investigator, but prosecutor, investigating judge, interrogator, detective, judge, lawyer. \u0000Emergence of new branches of criminology is associated with scientific and technological progress, the emergence of new technologies, the need to work with specific traces and complexity of collecting and examining evidence. Special attention is paid to development and formation of medical, digital and nuclear forensics.","PeriodicalId":340932,"journal":{"name":"Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126792274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Evaluation of identification sings of handwriting for different types of forensic report 鉴定笔迹对不同类型法医鉴定报告的影响

Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics Pub Date : 2021-12-30 DOI: 10.32353/khrife.3.2021.07

A. Ivanović, Serhiі Naumenko, Svitlana Briukhan

{"title":"Evaluation of identification sings of handwriting for different types of forensic report","authors":"A. Ivanović, Serhiі Naumenko, Svitlana Briukhan","doi":"10.32353/khrife.3.2021.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32353/khrife.3.2021.07","url":null,"abstract":"When formulating positive and negative conclusions, probabilistic positive and negative conclusions, as well as a conclusion on the impossibility to solve the issue, different options for evaluating features and, as a result, alternative interpretation for the investigation summary section of the forensic report are possible. \u0000To strengthen existing approaches, systematize theoretical knowledge, study and analyze forensic expert practice in providing a scientifically sound, objective, full forensic report for all types of expert conclusions, peculiarities of the methodology for identification and evaluation of the set of features are outlined. \u0000Since the probative value of the forensic report depends on its type and scientific substantiation, this article discusses in detail and comprehensively considers reasons for justification of each of conclusion types. \u0000Existing methods of signs analysis are investigated and, taking into account current forensic expert practice, presentation of a scientifically sound evaluation of signs for each expert situation is suggested. \u0000Capacities of the forensic expert are considered depending on studied and comparative material, his experience and professional training. Reasons leading to erroneous expert conclusions on the example of more than 10 investigation summary sections of different forms of forensic report are analyzed. Ways to prevent such errors are proposed. \u0000The algorithm of actions for identification and careful study of both coinciding signs and discrepancies is developed. Also, the terms for their occurrence and interdependence, the degree of influence of diagnostic signs on identification ones are provided. The suggested in the article options for solving expert tasks can be used in forensic expert practice to optimize expert research.","PeriodicalId":340932,"journal":{"name":"Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116667502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Application of ТАSolver software package in the study of circumstances of traffic collisions that occurred in conditions of limited visibility ТАSolver软件包在有限能见度条件下交通碰撞情况研究中的应用

Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics Pub Date : 2021-12-30 DOI: 10.32353/khrife.3.2021.08

Florin Rusitoru, O. Sviderskyi, V. Varlahov

{"title":"Application of ТАSolver software package in the study of circumstances of traffic collisions that occurred in conditions of limited visibility","authors":"Florin Rusitoru, O. Sviderskyi, V. Varlahov","doi":"10.32353/khrife.3.2021.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32353/khrife.3.2021.08","url":null,"abstract":"Prior to the implementation of computer equipment and software engineering into an expert practice, the relative position of participants of traffic collision in the roadaccident analysis was determined by creating a graph-analytical model. The modern foreign software package makes it possible to simulate the mechanism of traffic collision development at its various stages but they are complex and licensed which means they are quite expensive. \u0000This article considers examples of the study of traffic collisions that occurred in conditions of limited visibility using ТАSolver software package developed at National Scientific Center «Hon. Prof. M. S. Bokarius Forensic Science Institute». Using the graphic-analytical method, this software package determines the distance at which the vehicle was located from the place of collision at the moment of danger for further movement. The use of ТАSolver software package is possible to determine the relative position of both a vehicle and a pedestrian in the event of a collision, as well as several vehicles at the moment of their collision. ТАSolver software package allows to quickly and easily simulate the situation of traffic collision that occurred due to an object that limited visibility. \u0000The article purpose is to improve the quality of examinations and expert studies, reduce export’s labor costs, as well as increase the probative value of an expert’s opinion which will be facilitated by the use of ТАSolver software package for the study of traffic collisions that occurred in conditions of limited visibility.","PeriodicalId":340932,"journal":{"name":"Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133444259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Наукові публікації — запорука фахового зростання судових експертів

Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics Pub Date : 2021-12-30 DOI: 10.32353/khrife.3.2021.01

O. Kliuiev

引用次数: 0

Methods of conducting forensic psychology analysis of moral suffering caused to a group of people 方法进行法医心理分析对一群人造成的道德痛苦

Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics Pub Date : 2021-12-30 DOI: 10.32353/khrife.3.2021.09

Marharyta Zhuravlyova

{"title":"Methods of conducting forensic psychology analysis of moral suffering caused to a group of people","authors":"Marharyta Zhuravlyova","doi":"10.32353/khrife.3.2021.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32353/khrife.3.2021.09","url":null,"abstract":"Possibility of conducting an examination of moral suffering on group lawsuits of victims was considered. \u0000This research paper purpose is to present the algorithm of actions of forensic psychologist while analysis of moral suffering of people in group lawsuits taking into account current forensic expert practice and legislation of Ukraine. \u0000For establishing possible infliction of moral suffering on persons who are plaintiffs in class actions, it is proposed to use such an algorithm of action of experts that will: significantly reduce forensic expert time; make forensic psychology analysis of moral suffering accessible to low-income citizens; objectify forensic conclusions that will reduce corruption risks; motivate experts to perform their official duties qualitatively and to improve their professional level. The algorithm will include: interviews with analysis subject for 1-2 hours using video; computer testing of analysis subject; analysis of case materials with minimal citation in the analysis subject; providing a general opinion without a detailed written deployment of the research part of the opinion together with a digital medium containing video recordings of the surveys and the final results of computer testing. \u0000This way will not only solve the issues of moral damage to people who decided to defend their rights in class actions but significantly reduce the cost of relevant analyses for population, make them more accessible, but no less effective and reasonable.","PeriodicalId":340932,"journal":{"name":"Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125080120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1