Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics最新文献

{"title":"CONTENT AND SYSTEM OF FORENSIC LAW SOURCES: THE GENERAL PART","authors":"R. Kirin","doi":"10.32353/khrife.1.2020_10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32353/khrife.1.2020_10","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of studying forensic law sources, as an element of the national legal system, is becoming urgent today. By studying their systemic properties, the possibility of scientific forecasting in the development of the legal system tendency, determining courses of the most effective steps to improve the entire mechanism of legal regulation of forensic relations’ complex is increasing. \u0000The article purpose is to conduct research on the prerequisites for systematizing the modern array of the forensic science legal basis in Ukraine and to identify theoretical and applied peculiarities for the formation of the general part content in the system of forensic law sources. \u0000To uncover the problem and subject of examination, as well as to accomplish the tasks, the synthesis method was used, which helped to identify the main areas of legal regulation and the system of general forensic relations, the formal legal method helped to clarify the content of forensic legislation legal norms. \u0000Attention is drawn to the fact that the legal construction of the general part of the current Law on judicial examination from the point of view of legal technique in general and rule-making in particular is an example of legislative anachronism in which neither substantive nor formal requirements of the culture of law-making are properly observed, what directly complicates its implementation, compliance and application. \u0000The need for injunctions of a general nature is emphasized with the purpose for a better understanding of the essence, objectives and content of specific injunctions. In general provisions of the basic act of forensic legislation it is offered to combine injunctions that define: the concept, terminology, content, legal basis, objectives, principles of forensic activity and their content, subject and object composition of forensic examination, as well as the powers of state, interdepartmental, departmental and public bodies on state regulation and forensic management. \u0000It has been established that the content of most sources of forensic law testifies to the differentiation of their injunctions, which can be carried out in a special part according to three generic criteria: the type of forensic activity entity (based on departmental subordination, form of ownership); type of forensic examination; type of legal proceedings. \u0000Arguments on the lack of a single scientifically based system of interconnected regulatory legal acts of forensic legislation are presented, which, as a result, created the social prerequisites for its systematization in the form of codification. The course of the highest degree of legislation perfection is substantiated, which should be presented in the form of Forensic Code of Ukraine.","PeriodicalId":340932,"journal":{"name":"Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128390455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RESEARCH ON MODERN FORENSIC METHODS OF DETECTION, RECORD, SEIZURE OF SHOEPRINTS AND THEIR FURTHER ACCOUNTING FOR CRIME DETECTION","authors":"R. Pertsev","doi":"10.32353/khrife.1.2020_07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32353/khrife.1.2020_07","url":null,"abstract":"Shoe prints that have been traced by crime scene investigators at the crime scene can provide information relating to a criminal or a group of criminals that have committed it, and serve as evidence while pre-trial investigation. Furthermore, shoe prints provide information on the possible participation of the same person in different types of crimes (to integrate crimes). \u0000At present, the number of crimes related to stealing civilian properties, including robbery, has significantly increased as a result of economic crisis in many countries around the world. \u0000As the studies and the practical experience while investigating crime scenes by police in many countries show, footwear evidence as much as physical evidence have not been given due attention. \u0000In order to improve the quality of crime scene examination when seizing traces of shoes, the quality of removed traces of shoes, and, as a consequence, increase the efficiency of crime detection using traces of shoes, there is a necessity in: \u0000 \u0000Introduction of modern forensic tools and methods for detecting, seizing traces of shoes, and further comparative research. \u0000Establishment of the Unified National Automated System at the legislative level for accounting and identification of shoeprints seized from unsolved crime sites. \u0000Creating professional forums to share experiences with leading international forensic experts. \u0000Establishing the terms for traces and shoeprints storage and use registered (for example, not more than two years from the date of registration) at the legislative level. \u0000 \u0000In addition, implementation and development of automatic database systems with the ability to conduct identification between shoeprints evidence seized from different crime scenes can provide the investigator with significant information on the possible involvement of the same person in commission of different crimes (to combine crimes), conduct so-called forensic intelligence. \u0000A shoeprint as a single piece of evidence may not be weighty enough but combined with additional evidence it is vital for detecting and investigating a crime. \u0000In conclusion, it should be noted that this area has great prospects for development and, undoubtedly, should be addressed by forensic experts in this field.","PeriodicalId":340932,"journal":{"name":"Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130121512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"INFORMATION SUPPORT OF FORENSIC EXPERT ACTIVITY","authors":"I. Pyrih","doi":"10.32353/khrife.1.2020_12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32353/khrife.1.2020_12","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the analysis of scientists’ opinions, it was agreed to consider information support in a broad and narrow sense. In broad terms, it is possible to take into account supporting of all types of forensic units activities (managerial, organizational, scientific and methodological, etc.) with necessary information, including their main type of activity – the collection and investigation of forensic objects during investigation. In a narrow sense, information support is considered as a process of information systematization, accumulation and processing, which is the basis for the development of criminal records. \u0000  \u0000The problems of information support of forensic activity are investigated, which is a system of actions aimed at obtaining information when analyzing the situation at the scene, examination of objects and traces seized during other investigative (search) actions; accumulation, systematization of the information received and its placing in criminal records; use of information for forensic examination. The problematic issues that arise in the activities of investigators, investigators and forensic experts at each stage of obtaining information and its use while forensic records development and in the preparation and conduct of forensic examinations are considered. \u0000The main problems that exist in the practice of pre-trial investigation bodies are highlighted. When collecting forensic information in the practice of investigating criminal proceedings, problems arise while reducing the quantity and quality of physical evidence seized during inspection of crime scenes, due to insufficient training of forensic investigators and logistics support of investigation units. Another problem is insufficient interaction of forensic experts from state expert institutions with police investigators, which manifests itself in inconsistency of the subject under study, improper design of materials offered for examination, insufficient number of samples for forensic identification. Problematic issues of forensic registration is the automation of existing types of forensic records and the introduction of the new, based on the registration of a person biometric parameters.","PeriodicalId":340932,"journal":{"name":"Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129734465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PECULIARITIES OF FORENSIC COMMODITY EXPERT PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCIES FORMATION","authors":"I. Petrova, O. Dontsova","doi":"10.32353/khrife.1.2020_11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32353/khrife.1.2020_11","url":null,"abstract":"The authors solved the task of describing the peculiarities of the forensic commodity expert professional competencies formation, determining the components of this process and ways for its further development. Based on the analysis of the domestic scientists papers, which reflect the issues of forming staff capacity in a company and its development, ways for the possible use \u0000  \u0000of scientists developments while training forensic institutions specialists in general and forensic commodity experts in particular are proposed. It has been established that the set of characteristic features of a forensic commodity examination distinguishes it from other types of examinations and should become the basis for the theoretical foundations formation of the forensic commodity expert competencies. It is emphasized that activities of a forensic commodity expert always require creativity and scientific knowledge for research conduct, and the system of his competencies should include basic competencies, growth competencies, strategic competencies and their characteristics should be given. At the same time, a set of functional competencies is defined, which enhance disclosure of the competence concept “functional mastery” in different areas of the forensic commodity expert activity. \u0000Based on the peculiarities of the activities of various specialties forensic experts, including forensic commodity experts, it was found that when describing the structure of a forensic commodity expert professiogram along with professional knowledge (special knowledge and knowledge of legal norms), skills and abilities should be included. It is proved that the introduction into practice of forensic experts certification of such kind of knowledge control as testing, will help to solve most of the problems regarding the quality of preparation of forensic commodity experts and a number of advantages of such knowledge control is described. Recommendations on the assessment of forensic experts have been developed. An analysis of scientific papers of leading scientists and practical activities of forensic experts made it possible to define the skills and abilities that forensic commodity expert needs in his work, namely: specific methodological, research, communicative-organizational, and a detailed structure of each group with indication of competencies is given.","PeriodicalId":340932,"journal":{"name":"Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122133547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TECHNICAL ANALYSIS OF VEHICLE DRIVERS’ ACTIONS AT UNCONTROLLED INTERSECTIONS WHILE TURNING LEFT","authors":"A. Lubentsov, V. Varlahov","doi":"10.32353/khrife.1.2020_28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32353/khrife.1.2020_28","url":null,"abstract":"The questions which arise at experts while carrying out road accident analysis (forensic expert examination) during technical analysis of vehicle drivers’ actions at uncontrolled intersections, in cases when turning left at a separating lawn line a traffic sign “Yield” is installed, and a traffic sign “Priority Road” is installed at the intersection facing the direction of vehicle movement which turns left, are considered. When technically evaluating drivers actions at an uncontrolled intersection in accordance with the requirements of Traffic Rules of Ukraine, forensic experts who make up a forensic report on the results of road accident analysis wonder: “How to evaluate the driver’s actions who performs a turning maneuver to the left at uncontrolled intersection, when a traffic sign ‘Yield’ is installed at a separating lawn line while turning left, and a traffic sign “Priority Road” is installed at the intersection facing the direction of vehicle movement where the vehicle turns left. Technical analysis of the driver actions who turns left at an uncontrolled intersection should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of paragraphs 10.1 and 16.13 of Traffic Rules of Ukraine. This is due to the fact that the presence of a traffic sign 2.3 “Priority Road” indicates the fact that a driver is on the priority road, and must give way to vehicles moving in the opposite direction heading straight or right when making a left turn.","PeriodicalId":340932,"journal":{"name":"Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124139366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"INVESTIGATION OF TRAFFIC COLLISIONS AND ESTABLISHMENT OF CAUSE AND EFFECT RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VEHICLES BREAKDOWNS","authors":"A. Koshkarov","doi":"10.32353/khrife.1.2020_29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32353/khrife.1.2020_29","url":null,"abstract":"Issues related to the investigation of traffic collisions in criminal proceedings and establishment of cause and effect relationship between vehicles breakdowns are considered. The purposes and tasks of the vehicle inspection by an investigator are defined. The procedure for the appointment of a technical condition examination in criminal proceedings during the investigation of a traffic collision is indicated. The issues that are resolved while road-accident analysis of vehicles technical condition are examined. The possible conclusions of the forensic examination after establishing the vehicle technical condition at the time of the accident are drawn and evaluation of these findings is given. Investigations and trials on criminal cases related to traffic collisions, as well as investigating authorities and court decisions on the issues of violations by drivers of the requirements of Traffic Rules, Technical Operation Rules, require the mandatory establishment of the systems technical condition that affect the safety of vehicles. \u0000Currently, police officers and investigators do not have a clear, scientifically substantiated methodology for checking the technical condition of vehicle systems, and the protocol form for examining and checking the technical condition of vehicles is imperfect. Many years of forensic examinations experience in forensic institutions of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine and continuous work with these documents indicate that there was almost no case when an inspection report was filled in correctly and contained reasonable and comprehensive information on the technical condition of the vehicle involved in a traffic accident. In connection with the above, the consideration of the traffic accident investigation that arose as a result of a vehicle breakdown is becoming increasingly relevant. In addition, it is advisable to highlight the scientific and technological progress that entails the development of new methods for forensic experts who are involved in criminal proceedings during investigation of traffic collisions. The initiation of criminal proceedings on the fact of a traffic collision and the establishment of cause and effect relationships between vehicle breakdowns has a number of peculiarities inherent only to this corpus delicti, but application of special knowledge in the field of automotive equipment, namely, interaction of investigative actions with forensic experts allows the investigation to establish a cause and effect relationship between identified vehicle breakdowns and the occurrence of a traffic collision, and most importantly to identify that a person driving a vehicle violated Vehicle Operation Rules in the event of a traffic collision.","PeriodicalId":340932,"journal":{"name":"Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121389044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CURRENT METHODS OF SIGNATURES’ TECHNICAL FORGING WITH THE USE OF TECHNICAL MEANS","authors":"H. Kutskir","doi":"10.32353/khrife.1.2020_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32353/khrife.1.2020_20","url":null,"abstract":"  \u0000Taking into account a significant scientific and technological progress, use of modern monochrome or multicolor photocopiers in the office administration, and the increase in this regard in the number of signatures received for examination by forensic expert units, relevance for continuing to study signatures as one of the essential requisites of many types of documents and methods of their technical forgery becomes obvious. \u0000The purpose of the article is to highlight certain issues of current methods of signatures technical forgery. \u0000Research methods: general (formal-logical methods of cognition: analysis, synthesis, generalization, analogy), general scientific (observation, measurement, description, comparison), special (visual, microscopic, photographic). \u0000Since the fact of handwritten signature execution possesses legal value, it often becomes the object of forgery. For this purpose, a variety of techniques is used. Criminals often resort to the so-called technical forgery of signatures on documents (performing signatures on behalf of another person using various techniques and technical means which helps to achieve the greatest similarity with the original) along with the usual graphic forgery. The essence of signatures technical forgery usually lies in mechanical copying, instead of imitating features of writing-motor skills and the signature-original. By such a signature, you can not measure the level of writing-motor skills of the performer. \u0000Each of the methods of signature technical forgery leaves in the signature the signs inherent only to this method. Studying such methods and their features collectively will allow to diagnose the fact of handwritten or technical execution of a signature with a sufficiently high degree of probability.","PeriodicalId":340932,"journal":{"name":"Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics","volume":"29 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133920080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PROBLEMS OF SOLVING THE QUESTION AS TO DETERMINATION OF THE HEIGHT OF A PERSON BY SHOE BOTTOM TRACES DETECTED AT THE CRIME SCENE","authors":"A. Chekan, T. Khomyak","doi":"10.32353/khrife.1.2020_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32353/khrife.1.2020_23","url":null,"abstract":"Human footprints and footwear traces were one of the first well-studied forensic objects of examination. This is due to the fact that these traces are most often found at the scene of the incident, as well as by the fact that they contain most valuable and significant information needed for criminal investigation. Forensic examination of footprints and footwear traces of a person are among the most common trace evidence examinations encountered in practice, and defining a human height based on footprints is relevant and important in terms of obtaining primary (up-to-date), and later evidentiary information for a successful investigation and crime detection. The approximate height of a person, as indicated in the current trace evidence literature, can be established by using a certain number of the most common methods, one of which is to establish height by the total length of the trace. However, the existing today methods for calculating human height by foot traces (footprints) have certain disadvantages, which are mentioned in this article. \u0000The article purpose is to analyze current known methods and techniques for determining human height by footwear (feet) traces, conducting practical research on a given topic, indicating objective defects and the presence of a number of errors that are not taken into account while calculations, formulation of a reasonable conclusion based on the analyzed results of an examination. \u0000In the course of the analysis of forensic practice, a number of problematic issues was identified that make it difficult to objectively determine a person’s height by footwear traces, namely: non-conformity between the real value of human height and the height value calculated according to the most common formulas given in the forensic literature; non-compliance with standards by manufacturers while the production of shoes; lack of catalogues on shoe production, information on trace formation and the environment when examining a crime scene. All the above factors have a significant impact on the establishment of real human height by foot traces (footprints), and the absence or variability of at least one of these indicators leads to significant differences in the final values. Our research has shown that each individual foot length corresponds to not one, but several height indicators at once. At the same time the limit intervals of the height range are not the same for all foot lengths (3-20 cm for men and 6-20 cm for women). The above-mentioned discrepancies in the data are unacceptable while criminal investigation for the persons involved in crimes commission. \u0000The methods of establishing a person’s height described in the forensic literature are imperfect and require modification or revision. The conducted analysis indicates the necessity for further research on correlation dependence of the foot length and a person height taking into account all variables of indicators which have been listed above, since the efficiency of the ","PeriodicalId":340932,"journal":{"name":"Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131303018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CHARACTERISTIC OF MODERN POLYMER MATERIALS AND THEIR APPLICATION IN THE AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY","authors":"O. Pashkova, L. Nardid, E. Rudnieva, M. Zarubyna","doi":"10.32353/khrife.1.2020_27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32353/khrife.1.2020_27","url":null,"abstract":"The article describes the advantages of using modern polymer materials for the manufacture of auto parts in the automotive industry. The authors have developed and presented a systematization of modern polymer materials, which are most often used in the automotive industry for the manufacture of both body and engine compartment (under hood) parts, and parts for internal equipment of a car. The studies made it possible for the authors to introduce a characteristic of the modern polymer materials properties that could to be used for the manufacture of a particular car part, as well as indicate brief chemical names (abbreviations) of polymer materials and their compositions (taking into account the requirements of world practice), indicating some properties, namely: heating resistance, solubility in organic solvents, etc. \u0000It is indicated that the use of polymer materials in the automotive industry is based directly on the properties of the polymer material and the requirements for a particular auto part. In one of the tables, a list of polymer materials and parts that are made of a certain type of polymer material is outlined, in another table the information on feedback regarding the variation of polymer materials in the process of manufacturing a specific car part is gathered. Special attention is paid to the example of deciphering the stamp meaning, which is stamped on the inner surface of some polymer parts. The stamp reflects information on the type of polymer material from which the auto part is made, the presence of fillers and amplifiers in its composition, as well as their percentage. In addition, a list of the main types of modified polypropylene, a brief designations of polypropylene various modifications and their application in the automotive industry are presented. For the ease of use while forensic practice, the information on the properties and possibilities of using the most commonly used polymer materials in the automotive industry is summarized in table.","PeriodicalId":340932,"journal":{"name":"Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114789375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EXAMINATION OF TRUCK TIRES AS TO IDENTIFICATION OF DAMAGES WHICH ARE FORMED AS A RESULT OF OPERATIONAL TIRE WEAR OR PRODUCT DEFECT","authors":"A. Frolov, O. Shabratko","doi":"10.32353/khrife.1.2020_31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32353/khrife.1.2020_31","url":null,"abstract":"The sequence of carrying out of researches of tires of a freight vehicle on the basis of expert practice is considered. The research of tires of a truck has been conducted, an example of an expert research of tires is resulted, as a result of which the causes of damage of tires were established. The tire connects the vehicle to the road, perceives its weight, braking effort and dynamic impact that arises due to the roughness of the road surface. It is not uncommon for the vehicle to operate even on roads with a satisfactory road surface and damage to the tires. Damage to the tires can be generated as a result of industrial damage (factory defect) and as a result of operational damage. The most common and serious cause of premature wear and damage to tires is non-compliance with the established air pressure norms and overload tires. Changing the configuration of the profile and increasing the deformation of the bus cause an increase in the voltage in its material. As a result, it increases its premature wear. At increased load (overload) the tension voltage in the places of contact of the tire with the road increases and its specific pressure on the road, from which the tread wears away more quickly. Overvoltage in the material and increase in deformation is accompanied by a general increase in friction and heat formation in the tire. At increased load (overload) the tension voltage in the places of contact of the tire with the road increases and its specific pressure on the road, from which the tread wears away more quickly. Overvoltage in the material and increase in deformation is accompanied by a general increase in friction and heat formation in the tire. In the course of the research it was established that the tires Satoya SD 062-III have operational damage, the detects damage to the tires was formed as a result of their operation, which could contribute to vehicle overload, non compliance with tire pressure and the movement of the vehicle on roads with improper road surface. External inspection the examination of Satoya SD 062-III tires showed no signs of industrial damage (factory defects).","PeriodicalId":340932,"journal":{"name":"Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117102642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}