Theoretical and methodological model of criminalistics and its new directions

Abstract

This research paper purpose is to find out tendencies of development of criminalistics in globalized world, define its borders, forecast emergence of new directions and to characterize them. Theoretical and methodological model of criminalistics is studied, tendencies and specifics of formation of criminalistics in modern conditions are traced. Formation of internal structure of criminalistics (its system) is considered, connection with other sciences (natural sciences, humanities, social, formal) is determined, relationship with forensic sciences (forensicmedicine, forensic toxicology, forensic psychology, forensic chemistry, etc.) and forensic expertology is established. Attention is drawn to the orientation of the forensic vector of Ukraine to a single forensic European space. Necessity of creating a new section in the structure of criminology, namely: forensic strategy is substantiated. Origin specifics, formation and development of new branches (directions) of criminology are considered: competitive, judicial, medical, genotypic, aerospace, computer (digital) and nuclear ones. Necessity of using forensic knowledge by different parties in criminal proceedings both in while of pretrial investigation and in legal proceedings is argued. The subjects of specific expertise application of forensic knowledge should be not only the investigator, but prosecutor, investigating judge, interrogator, detective, judge, lawyer. Emergence of new branches of criminology is associated with scientific and technological progress, the emergence of new technologies, the need to work with specific traces and complexity of collecting and examining evidence. Special attention is paid to development and formation of medical, digital and nuclear forensics.