Radiation Medicine and Protection最新文献

{"title":"Salicylic Acid Inhibits Growth and Sensitizes Cervical Cancer Cells to Radiotherapy by Activating AMPK/TSC2/mTOR Pathway","authors":"Zhou Jie, Ye Wenjing, Guangming Yi, Jianming Huang, S. Deng, Minglun Li, Yimin Li, Yanqiong Song, Jiayu Zhang, Lichun Wei, S. Lu, Gui-Ming Zhu, J. Lang","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-960349/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-960349/v1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Background\u0000\u0000Radioresistance remains a major clinical challenge in cervical cancer therapy. Salicylic acid (SA)-mediated direct activation of AMP–activated protein kinase (AMPK) is critical to radiosensitivity. However, limited data exists regarding the combination of SA and radiotherapy, even though there are several indications that this might be a promising treatment strategy. This study aimed to investigate the radiosensitizing effect of SA on human cervical cancer cells and its potential molecular mechanism.\u0000Methods\u0000\u0000Cervical cancer cells were treated with SA and ionizing radiation. The expression of γ-H2AX was evaluated by immunofluorescence (IF) assay. Cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry. Western blot was performed to detect the protein level of AMPK/TSC2/mTOR pathway.\u0000Results\u0000\u0000SA inhibited basal proliferation of cervical cancer cells in a dose and time dependent manner. In addition, SA increased radiation-induced DNA damage, promoted apoptosis, triggered a redistribution of cell cycle from G2-M phase to G1-S phase of cervical cancer cells, and hence increased cell sensitivity to radiation. Moreover, SA treatment elevated the expression levels of p-AMPKα and p-TSC2, whereas the level of p-mTOR was significantly decreased.\u0000Conclusion\u0000\u0000SA enhances the radiosensitivity of cervical cancer cells by targeting AMPK/TSC2/mTOR signaling pathway, and might serve as a promising therapeutic strategy to improve the efficacy of radiotherapy for cervical cancer.","PeriodicalId":34051,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Medicine and Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48399314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Personalized radioprotection in tumor patients after 125I seed brachytherapy","authors":"Jianmin Li ,&nbsp;Liuyi Yang ,&nbsp;Haishui Xia ,&nbsp;Juan Wang ,&nbsp;Zhen Gao ,&nbsp;Aixia Sui ,&nbsp;Hongtao Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.radmp.2021.06.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radmp.2021.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To investigate patient-specific radioprotection methods for people in close contact with cancer patients treated by ¹²⁵I-seed implantation.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The initial dose rates (<em>Ḋ</em>₀) at distances of 30 and 100 ​cm from 80 patients who had undergone ¹²⁵I-seed implantation were measured within 24 ​h of the procedure. The dose rate at <em>t</em> (<em>Ḋ</em>_<em>t</em>) and effective dose (<em>E</em>) were calculated according to the measured values of <em>Ḋ</em>₀. The appropriate precaution times for general adult family members, spouses, coworkers, and children or pregnant women were determined, and the relationships between <em>Ḋ</em>₀ and precaution time for different close-contact groups were derived by curve-fitting the corresponding data.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The mean <em>Ḋ</em>₀ values of 80 patients at distances of 30 and 100 ​cm were (15.24 ​± ​11.25) μSv/h and (1.96 ​± ​2.63) μSv/h, respectively (<em>P</em> ​&lt; ​0.05). The mean values and range of precaution time for general adult family members, spouses, coworkers, and children or pregnant women were (4.17 ​± ​16.55), (102.93 ​± ​49.22), (51.00 ​± ​61.29), and (34.27 ​± ​56.90) d; (0–90.61), (0–234.01), (0–247.81), and (0–224.69) d, respectively. Furthermore, a logarithmic relationship between <em>Ḋ</em>₀ and precaution time (<em>Y)</em> was observed for the different groups. The equations of these relationships were determined to be <em>Y</em> ​= ​−131.569 ​+ ​83.256 ln<em>Ḋ</em>₀ for general adult family members, <em>Y</em> ​= ​−108.532 ​+ ​83.318 ln<em>Ḋ</em>₀ for spouses, <em>Y</em> ​= ​25.470 ​+ ​83.318 ln<em>Ḋ</em>₀ for coworkers, and <em>Y</em> ​= ​2.585 ​+ ​83.229 ln<em>Ḋ</em>₀ for children or pregnant women.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Some cancer patients treated by ¹²⁵I-seed brachytherapy emit over-dose levels of γ-rays, necessitating radiation protection for their close contacts. However, appropriate patient-specific radiation protection for different close contacts can be determined based on the precaution time calculated using the <em>Ḋ</em>₀ value.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34051,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Medicine and Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.radmp.2021.06.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46734908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A preliminary study of a new high-resolution detector matrix applied to three-dimensional dose verification in intensity-modulated radiotherapy","authors":"Renchuan Zheng ,&nbsp;Along Chen ,&nbsp;Jinhan Zhu ,&nbsp;Lixin Chen ,&nbsp;Shengxiu Jiao ,&nbsp;Detao Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.radmp.2021.06.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radmp.2021.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To test the basic dosimetry characteristics of a new high-resolution matrix and to perform a preliminary study on the three-dimensional (3D) dose verification of intensity-modulated treatment (IMRT).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The dosimetry characteristics of the new matrix were investigated, including repeatability, dose-rate response, and dose linearity. Twenty cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and 20 cases with lung cancer were randomly selected for IMRT plans, and the novel matrix was employed for 3D dose verification. The measured results were evaluated using the gamma passing rate (GPR) and dose volume histogram (DVH). The action limit (AL) and tolerance limit (TL) of the target volume and each organ at risk (OAR) were calculated with reference to the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) TG218 report.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The matrix performed well for all dosimetry characteristic tests, with a deviation of &lt;1%. The average GPRs of the body were (99.32 ​± ​0.32)%, (98.36 ​± ​0.59)%, and (96.27 ​± ​1.20)% for NPC, and (99.17 ​± ​0.74)%, (98.09 ​± ​1.33)%, and (95.83 ​± ​2.22)% for lung cancer at the gamma standards of 3%/3 ​mm, 3%/2 ​mm, and 2%/2 ​mm. The average GPRs difference between the head-neck and thorax-abdomen plans were &lt;1% for the same gamma standard. For both the target volumes and OARs, the average GPRs were &gt;90% under the relatively strict standard of 2%/2 ​mm. The DVH showed that the measurement results of <em>D</em>₉₈ and <em>D</em>₉₅ for the target volumes were slightly lower and <em>D</em>₂ were higher than those of treatment planning system (TPS) (<em>P</em> ​&lt; ​0.01). In addition, with the same standard, there may be significant differences in the values of AL and TL between different structures for target volumes and OARs, especially small-volume OARs such as the chiasma and optic nerve-L.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The new matrix showed good dosimetry characteristics and can be effectively applied to the treatment planning dose verification of the head-neck and lung cancer. Further research is needed to establish how to analyze the GPR and DVH of the target volume and OARs, and to determine more precise dose verification standards combined with the parameters of AL and TL to better guide 3D dose verification in clinic.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34051,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Medicine and Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.radmp.2021.06.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42557184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of whole-body occupational radiation exposure in the industrial radiography in Bangladesh","authors":"Selina Yeasmin ,&nbsp;Subrata Banik ,&nbsp;M.M. Mahfuz Siraz ,&nbsp;Shikha Pervin ,&nbsp;Mayeen Uddin Khandaker ,&nbsp;Mohammad Sohelur Rahman","doi":"10.1016/j.radmp.2021.08.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radmp.2021.08.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>In order to understand the complete scenario of the effectiveness of radiation protection practice in the workplace, especially in the industrial radiography and also to analyze the trends with other related studies, epidemiological studies and legal purposes, the assessment and register of the effective dose plays a significant role. Therefore, efforts have been given in the assessment of collective effective dose, mean effective dose, prediction of lifetime cancer risk, and contribution of different age group workers in the collective effective dose.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The occupational radiation exposures for 472 workers were investigated in industrial radiography throughout Bangladesh from 2015 to 2018 by using thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD). By using a Harshaw TLD reader (Model-4500), the effective dose was measured in a quarterly basis throughout the year. Based on the value of personal dose equivalent <em>H</em>_p(10), database was prepared and recorded.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The collective effective dose was 36.1, 40.7, 28.8 and 37.5 man·mSv among 105, 102, 100 and 165 radiation workers in 2015, 2016, 2017 and 2018, respectively. The maximum effective dose received by radiation workers was 6.0, 7.1, 6.9 and 19.9 ​mSv in 2015, 2016, 2017 and 2018, respectively, which remained within the stipulated dose limits imposed by Nuclear Safety and Radiation Control (NSRC) Rules-1997, Bangladesh and International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP-103).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This kind of monitoring would help to construct a national database that will be used by the end users to improve their implementation of optimization in occupational radiation protection in industrial radiography.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34051,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Medicine and Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.radmp.2021.08.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46806972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-vivo proton range verification for reducing the risk of permanent alopecia in medulloblastoma treatment","authors":"Giulia Lucconi ,&nbsp;El-Hassan Bentefour ,&nbsp;Deepak Samuel ,&nbsp;Kenneth Weaver ,&nbsp;Maryam Moteabbed ,&nbsp;Hsiao-Ming Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.radmp.2021.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radmp.2021.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The purpose of this work is the clinical commissioning of a recently developed in-vivo range verification system for the head treatment of pediatric medulloblastoma patients. Inaccurate beam range for such treatment could lead to either inadequate dose coverage of the target volume or excessive dose to the head skin resulting permanent alopecia.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The <em>in-vivo</em> range verification system is designed to perform pre-treatment range verification and adjustment. An array of Si-diode detectors is to be placed on the patient immobilization mask in the exit direction of a whole-brain field; signal is analyzed, and the extracted water equivalent path length (WEPL) is compared to the expected one, revealing if a range correction is needed. The method was tested in solid water and anthropomorphic head phantom, with validation based on independent WEPL measurements. The measured WEPL were compared to those computed by the treatment planning system (TPS).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The accuracy for the WEPL measurements by the diode system in both solid water and anthropomorphic head phantom were on average within a millimeter from more accurate measurement by the dose-extinction technique, with the error range for the two phantoms as (0–1 ​mm) and (0–1.3 ​mm), respectively. When compared to the WEPL calculated by the treatment planning system, the measured values were on average within 1 ​% (range 0–3%) of the beam range. The accuracy of dose measurements by the diodes in the fall-off part of the depth dose profile was validated against the reference Markus chamber. No need for further correction (due to different beam parameters and detector dose ageing effects) was found.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The range verification workflow was successfully tested in the anthropomorphic head phantom. The performance of the <em>in-vivo</em> range verification system and related workflow meet the clinical requirements in terms of the needed WEPL accuracy for pretreatment range verification.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34051,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Medicine and Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.radmp.2021.07.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43230619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of the magnetic fields from three different configurations of the MRIgRT systems on the dose deposition from lateral opposing photon beams in a laryngeal geometry – A Monte Carlo study","authors":"Vivien W.S. Chu ,&nbsp;Monica W.K. Kan ,&nbsp;Louis K.Y. Lee ,&nbsp;Kenneth C.W. Wong ,&nbsp;Macy Tong ,&nbsp;Anthony T.C. Chan","doi":"10.1016/j.radmp.2021.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radmp.2021.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To investigate the impact of different magnetic field strengths and orientations on the dose deposition from lateral opposing photon beams irradiating a laryngeal geometry, with particular attention focused on the dose homogeneity of the area around the air cavity inside the larynx.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Geant4 simulation toolkit was used to perform Monte Carlo simulations on a phantom resembling the larynx. The energy spectrum of a 6 ​MV photon beam from a Varian Clinac iX machine was used to provide the source of radiation. Three configurations of the Magnetic Resonance Image-Guided Radiation Therapy (MRIgRT) system were simulated: the Fixed Cylindrical (FC) geometry, the Longitudinal Rotating Biplanar (LRBP) geometry, and the Transverse Rotating Biplanar (TRBP) geometry. Uniform magnetic fields of different field strengths were applied. The relative dose maps and the homogeneity index (HI) were obtained for evaluations.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The LRBP geometry together with a magnetic field strength of 0.5 ​T produced the most homogeneous dose distribution with a HI of 0.139 for the region of interest around the air cavity, compared with a HI of 0.180 when the magnetic field was absent. For TRBP geometry, the dose distribution shifted towards the cranial direction, leading to a region of hot spots at the superior edge and a region of cold spots at the inferior edge of the irradiated volume. The HI around the air cavity was therefore worse. In addition, strong electron streaming effect (ESE) was observed. For the FC geometry, hot and cold spots were formed around the air cavity which increased the HI.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Out of the three configurations of the MRIgRT systems, the LRBP geometry produced the most clinically beneficial dose distribution in which it provided a higher dose to the treatment area and a boost in dose to the tissue immediately adjacent to the air cavity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34051,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Medicine and Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.radmp.2021.08.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44459228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on urine biomarkers of radiation-induced injury guided by Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism","authors":"Xin Wu,&nbsp;Tong Zhu,&nbsp;Hang Li,&nbsp;Xin He,&nbsp;Sai-jun Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.radmp.2021.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radmp.2021.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Under the guidance of model organism <em>Caenorhabditis elegans</em> with fine olfactory system, small molecular metabolites sensitive to high dose radiation were screened as biomarkers of acute radiation-induced injury, and their metabolic pathways were elucidated by enrichment.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Rats were irradiated with 12 ​Gy γ-rays to establish an acute radiation injury model, and their urine was fingerprinted using UPLC-Q/TOF-MS. Further, under the guidance of <em>Caenorhabditis elegans</em> as olfactory-sensitive model organism, the key differential metabolites in urine were found as biomarkers of radiation-induced injury.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>After rats were irradiated, the radiation injury urine showed a difference from control (sham-irradiated) urine, which could be distinguished by <em>Caenorhabditis elegans</em>. Based on metabolomics analysis, a total of 21 key differential metabolites with <em>P</em> value ​&lt; ​0.05 and fold change either &gt;2 or &lt;0.5 were identified, which can be used as sensitive and reliable biomarkers of radiation-induced injury. The pathways were further enriched, and it was found that disorders of five metabolic pathways, including citric acid cycle and amino acid metabolism, play an important role in radiation-induced injury.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Due to radiation injury, the metabolites in urine will change significantly. The study on biomarkers guided by model organism <em>Caenorhabditis elegans</em> provides a new perspective to explain the details of metabolic disorders, and also provides experimental basis for the development of new biological dosimeters.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34051,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Medicine and Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.radmp.2021.08.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41479235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk communication in the post-Fukushima era","authors":"Limeng Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.radmp.2021.04.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radmp.2021.04.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the long-term phases, clear risk communication in the post-Fukushima era is necessary and significant. It is the most urgent in this post-accident phase is for residents to access to all the information available within the scope of current knowledge in order to support their life decisions. For full recovery, authorities, specialists, international organizations, media, and the public will need to work together. The speed of innovation in risk communication should catch up to the development speed of the internet. Long-term communication will be necessary. Learning about the Fukushima nuclear accident experience is essential for the prevention and risk communication of possible accidents in the future.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34051,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Medicine and Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.radmp.2021.04.004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92004844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The gross α and β radioactivity levels of drinking water source in one oil industrial city in northeast China","authors":"Yan Shi,&nbsp;Wa Gao,&nbsp;Tuya Siqin,&nbsp;Zhigang Li,&nbsp;Jianwei Zhang,&nbsp;Rongshu Guan,&nbsp;Jinfeng Li,&nbsp;Peilin Sun,&nbsp;Hongtao Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.radmp.2021.04.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radmp.2021.04.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To investigate the gross α and β radioactivity levels of drinking water source in the city, the largest oil field production base in northeast China, in order to ensure the safety of drinking water and public health.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The water samples from three drinking water sources were collected and tested in the dry and wet season, respectively. The gross α radioactivity was measured by standard curve method, gross β was measured by thin sample method.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Totally 184 samples were collected from the three sampling areas in dry and wet season respectively. The average values of gross α and β radioactivity levels in the drinking water source area were (0.24±0.09) and (0.30±0.17) Bq/L respectively. The average activity concentration of gross α and gross β in the dry season was (0.23±0.09) and (0.29±0.18) Bq/L, respectively. The gross α and β radioactivity levels gradually decreased from the intake to the end of the reservoir of drinking water source areas.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The gross α and β radioactivity levels and distribution of drinking water source areas in this city were all lower than the drinking water limit issued by China and the reference level recommended by the World Health Organization. The radioactivity of water body of the drinking water source was within the normal background level.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34051,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Medicine and Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.radmp.2021.04.005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92005069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation and analysis of entrance surface air kerma of the thyroid gland during breast cancer screening mammography","authors":"Rajni Verma ,&nbsp;Gourav Kumar Jain ,&nbsp;Arun Chougule","doi":"10.1016/j.radmp.2021.03.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radmp.2021.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To evaluate and analyze entrance surface air kerma (ESAK) of the thyroid during mammographies performed in a breast cancer screening program.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The ESAK was measured for the left and right lobes of the thyroid gland for 120 female subjects undergoing routine mammographic screenings. All measurements were single-handedly performed on the Hitachi Hologic LORAD M-IV^TM screen-film mammography system. Radiation dose measurements were made using optically stimulated luminescent dosimeters (OSLD) nanoDot™ taped appropriately to the skin overlying the right and left lobes of the thyroid gland. The standard technique of two craniocaudal (CC) views and two mediolateral oblique (MLO) views with appropriate compression was used during the screening.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The average ESAK was (287 ​± ​102) μGy. The value of radiation dose to the thyroid was estimated as 71.17 ​μGy. Compresssed breast thichness (CBT) was found as key parameter influencing radiation dose to the thyroid gland during mammography. ESAK changed approximately two folds for the CBT range of 2–5 ​cm. Radiation dose to the thyroid gland was increased with higher body mass index (BMI).</p></div><div><h3>Conculsions</h3><p>A proper compression of the breast is crucial for the mammographic examination. In addition to applied exposure factors for examination, breast compression is the principal and influencing factor that affects various other parameters used during mammographic examinations, which in turn impact radiation dose to the thyroid gland.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34051,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Medicine and Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.radmp.2021.03.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92090516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}