Radiation Medicine and Protection最新文献

{"title":"The application of machine learning and deep learning radiomics in the treatment of esophageal cancer","authors":"Jinling Yi ,&nbsp;Yibo Wu ,&nbsp;Boda Ning ,&nbsp;Ji Zhang ,&nbsp;Maksim Pleshkov ,&nbsp;Ivan Tolmachev ,&nbsp;Xiance Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.radmp.2023.10.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radmp.2023.10.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Esophageal cancer (EC) is a very aggressive disease with most cases diagnosed at advanced stages. Early detection and prognosis prediction are of clinical significance in the optimal management of EC. Genomic and proteomic technologies demonstrated limited efficacy due to the invasive nature and the inherent tumor heterogeneity. Non-invasive radiomics has achieved significant results in tumor characterization, treatment response and survival prediction for various cancers. In this article, the current application of both machine learning and deep learning based radiomics in the diagnosis, prognostic prediction and treatment outcome prediction for patients with EC were reviewed. The current challenges and prospects for the future application of radiomics in EC were also discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34051,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Medicine and Protection","volume":"4 4","pages":"Pages 182-189"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666555723000618/pdfft?md5=eaa45cac9a96203027e59008d8f0f015&pid=1-s2.0-S2666555723000618-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135455083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new Chinese standard for testing of quality control in medical proton/heavy ion beam radiotherapy equipment","authors":"Jilong Yuan ,&nbsp;Xiangjie Ma ,&nbsp;Quanfu Sun ,&nbsp;Haikuan Liu ,&nbsp;Shouping Xu ,&nbsp;Yinxiangzi Sheng ,&nbsp;Xiaoyun Ma ,&nbsp;Xiangkui Mu ,&nbsp;Xinguo Liu ,&nbsp;Tao Yang ,&nbsp;Xin Zhang ,&nbsp;Hsiao-Ming Lu ,&nbsp;Jinsheng Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.radmp.2023.10.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radmp.2023.10.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>With the development of social economy and radiotherapy technique, proton/heavy ion radiotherapy has been applied widely to clinical practices. At present, there are at least 29 hospitals in China at various stages of planning, construction, commissioning or clinical operation of medical proton/heavy ion beam radiotherapy equipment. Compared with common radiotherapy accelerators used in conventional external beam radiotherapy, the proton/heavy ion therapy system has more stringent requirements for quality control so as to achieve an optimum therapeutic effect. In order to protect the health rights of patients undergoing radiotherapy, to facilitate the relevant administrative supervision departments to carry out standard-based approval and routine supervision and to promote the development of related medical undertakings, the standard for testing of quality control for medical proton/heavy ion beam radiotherapy equipment is drafted to fill the gap in this regard in China and even worldwide. The standard contains five indicators and corresponding testing methods for radiological protection and safety and 16 indicators for quality control of equipment performance. The standard is a mandatory standard and is based on the relevant Chinese legal requirements for the testing of radiotherapy equipment, so all the indicators listed in the standard shall be tested. During the drafting of the standard, the opinions from hospitals that are currently using proton/heavy ion medical accelerators for radiotherapy purpose and from the related equipment manufacturers were taken into account. The draft standard was revised with reference to these opinions and the feasibility of the related quality control requirements. The official version of the standard was released on March 7, 2023, and implementation is scheduled to begin on March 1, 2024.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34051,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Medicine and Protection","volume":"4 4","pages":"Pages 177-181"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266655572300059X/pdfft?md5=f7efef282f48d6a1a307aa5145510921&pid=1-s2.0-S266655572300059X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138570311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hexyl-pentynoic acid serves as a novel radiosensitizer for breast cancer by inhibiting UCHL3-dependent Rad51 deubiquitination","authors":"Zuchao Cai ,&nbsp;David Lim ,&nbsp;Beidi Jia ,&nbsp;Guochao Liu ,&nbsp;Wenwen Ding ,&nbsp;Zhendong Wang ,&nbsp;Zhujun Tian ,&nbsp;Junxuan Peng ,&nbsp;Fengmei Zhang ,&nbsp;Chao Dong ,&nbsp;Zhihui Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.radmp.2023.10.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radmp.2023.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To investigate the effects and underlying mechanism of 2-hexyl-4-pentynoic acid (HPTA), a derivative of valproic acid (VPA), on radiotherapy in breast cancer.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>MCF7 cells and 7,12-dimethylbenz-[α]-anthracene (DMBA)-induced transformed human normal breast cells (MCF10A–DMBA cells) were irradiated with 8 ​Gy X-rays. For both cells there were four groups: control, valproic acid (VPA)/HPTA, IR, and VPA/HPTA+IR groups. MTT and clonogenic survival assays were performed to assess cell proliferation, and comet assay was performed to evaluate DNA damage. Protein expression of γH2AX, 53BP1, Rad51, and BRCA1 was examined <em>via</em> immunofluorescence and immunoblotting. Cycloheximide chase and ubiquitination experiments were conducted to determine Rad51 ubiquitination. <em>In vivo</em> experiments involved a rat model of DMBA-induced breast cancer, with four fractionated doses of 2 ​Gy. Tumor tissue pathological changes and γH2AX, Rad51, and UCHL3 expression levels were measured by hematoxylin-eosin staining, immunohistochemistry, and immunoblotting.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Compared with the IR group, 15 ​μmol/L HPTA reduced the cell proliferation ability of irradiated MCF7 cells (<em>t</em>=2.16, <em>P</em>&lt;0.05). The VPA/HPTA+IR group exhibited significantly increased DNA double-strand breaks relative to those in the IR group (VPA+IR <em>vs.</em> IR, <em>t</em>=13.37, <em>P</em>&lt;0.05; HPTA+IR <em>vs.</em> IR, <em>t</em>=8.48, <em>P</em>&lt;0.05). Immunofluorescence and immunoblotting experiments demonstrated that the VPA/HPTA+IR group displayed significantly increased cell foci formation, γH2AX and 53BP1 protein expression levels compared to the IR group [(γH2AX: VPA+IR <em>vs.</em> IR, <em>t</em>=8.88, <em>P</em>&lt; 0.05; HPTA+IR <em>vs.</em> IR, <em>t</em>=8.90, <em>P</em>&lt; 0.05), (53BP1, VPA+IR <em>vs.</em> IR, <em>t</em>=5.73, <em>P</em>&lt; 0.05; HPTA+IR <em>vs.</em> IR, <em>t</em>=6.40, <em>P</em>&lt; 0.05)]. Further, Rad51 expression was downregulated (VPA+IR <em>vs.</em> IR, <em>t</em>=3.12, <em>P</em>&lt; 0.05; HPTA+IR <em>vs.</em> IR, <em>t</em> ​= ​2.70, <em>P</em>&lt;0.05), and Rad51 inhibition effectively counteracted HPTA-induced radiosensitization. Ubiquitination detection further verified that HPTA inhibits Rad51 expression <em>via</em> UCHL3-dependent Rad51 deubiquitination. <em>In vivo</em> study results showed that 20 ​mg/kg HPTA significantly enhanced the radiosensitivity of breast tumors in rats by inhibiting Rad51 expression.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>HPTA is a highly effective radiosensitizer that enhances the radiotherapeutic efficacy of breast cancer treatment through UCHL3-dependent deubiquitination of Rad51.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34051,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Medicine and Protection","volume":"4 4","pages":"Pages 204-213"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666555723000552/pdfft?md5=51c139d03ab29a98dcedb40162b9492c&pid=1-s2.0-S2666555723000552-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135654952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of SWI/SNF complex on DNA damage repair in heterochromatin of embryonic fibroblast cells","authors":"Hong Zhang ,&nbsp;Yinyin Shu ,&nbsp;Mintao Ji","doi":"10.1016/j.radmp.2023.10.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radmp.2023.10.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To investigate the impact of SWI/SNF complex on heterochromatin DNA damage repair after exposure to X-ray irradiation, in order to explore the underlying mechanism.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>NIH3T3 and MRC5 cells were treated with 50 ​nmol/L siRNA targeting SWI/SNF complex subunits (BRM, ARID1A, BRG1 and SNF5), and YAP/TAZ. At 24 ​h after transfection, the cells were irradiated with 0.5 and 1 ​Gy of X-rays. At 20, 60 and 240 ​min post-irradiation, γH2AX assay was performed to evaluate the radiation response in total or heterochromatin. Comet assay was used to determine the role of YAP/TAZ in DNA damage when the cells were irradiated with 4 ​Gy of X-rays. NIH3T3 were treated with 50 ​nmol/L siRNA targeting BRM/BRG1 and YAP/TAZ to determine their relationship on heterochromatin DNA damage repair.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>In NIH3T3, SWI/SNF complex subunits (BRM, ARID1A and BRG1) knock-down increased γH2AX in total and heterochromatin at 1 ​Gy 60 ​min post-irradiation (<em>P</em> ​&lt; ​0.05), while SNF5 knock-down decreased heterochromatin γH2AX at 1 ​Gy 20 ​min post-irradiation (<em>P</em> ​&lt; ​0.05). In MRC5, BRM and BRG1 knock-down increased γH2AX in total and heterochromatin at 1 ​Gy 60 ​min post-irradiation (<em>P</em> ​&lt; ​0.05). Inconsistently, ARID1A knock-down did not affect it, and SNF5 knock-down increased heterochromatin γH2AX at 1 ​Gy 60 ​min post-irradiation (<em>P</em> ​&lt; ​0.05). Moreover, YAP/TAZ knock-down decreased heterochromatin γH2AX in NIH3T3 and MRC5 (<em>P</em> ​&lt; ​0.05). Meanwhile, YAP/TAZ knock-down decreased Tail Moment in comet assay at 4 ​Gy 60 ​min post-irradiation (<em>P</em> ​&lt; ​0.05). BRM/BRG1 combining with YAP/TAZ knock-down significantly decreased heterochromatin γH2AX compared with single BRM/BRG1 knock-down at 0.5 ​Gy 60 ​min post-irradiation (<em>P</em> ​&lt; ​0.05).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The SWI/SNF complex subunits exhibited varying effects on DNA damage repair. BRM/BRG1 knock-down promoted γH2AX accumulation in heterochromatin through YAP/TAZ. This study provides a novel direction for DNA damage repair and sheds light on the role of SWI/SNF complex in response to DNA damage repair in heterochromatin.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34051,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Medicine and Protection","volume":"4 4","pages":"Pages 214-220"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666555723000588/pdfft?md5=5e3aa13519a76759b814b68a353c9457&pid=1-s2.0-S2666555723000588-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136058961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measurement and analysis on distribution of radiation field dose inside the treatment room of TaiChi Pro multimodal integrated digital radiotherapy system","authors":"Meinan Yao ,&nbsp;Zechen Feng ,&nbsp;Bin Bai ,&nbsp;Zhiqiang Xuan ,&nbsp;Yongzhong Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.radmp.2023.10.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radmp.2023.10.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To examine the leakage radiation dose from the accelerator module's primary beam self-shielding, as well as stray radiation levels and distribution in the treatment room across various planes for the innovative X/γ multimodal radiotherapy system, TaiChi Pro, which is the world's first digitally integrated system that combines a linear accelerator, multi-source rotational focused gamma knife, and multi-modal image guidance, in order to formulate treatment room safety strategies and estimate additional radiation doses to patients.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The TaiChi Pro multi-mode integrated radiotherapy system was utilized with a 6 ​MV X-ray accelerator in the flatten-filter free (FFF) treatment mode. The system has a primary radiation beam self-shielding, and an isocenter dose rate of 800 ​cGy/min. For detection points in various planes, an <em>x, y, z</em> coordinate system was established with the isocenter as the origin. To simulate the situation of patient, water-equivalent phantom was employed. The ambient dose equivalent and ambient dose equivalent rate at detection points in the radiation field were measured using thermoluminescence dosimeters.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The self-shielding area achieved a maximum dose of 114.0 ​mGy at 1 m distance from the target point after 3 ​min of cumulative irradiation. The leakage radiation ratios at all points remained below 0.5%, fulfilling the self-shielding design requirements. Regarding the couch, the highest radiation was observed in the opposite direction of the beam at the target point. The stray radiation on the treatment bed plane resulted in an ambient dose equivalent that did not exceed 0.5% of the ambient dose equivalent at the central point.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The levels and distribution patterns of stray and leakage radiation inside the TaiChi Pro treatment room meet the requirements of the relevant national standard. The measured values of indoor radiation levels and distribution are very useful for room shielding design and personnel protection.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34051,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Medicine and Protection","volume":"4 4","pages":"Pages 236-243"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666555723000606/pdfft?md5=826eaa2e3c5564fab880e7d0d364e420&pid=1-s2.0-S2666555723000606-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136093026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monte Carlo simulations for targeted beta therapy: An optimization for liver lesions and comparison of dose distributions in other organs","authors":"Ayhan Kara,&nbsp;Emil Mammadzada","doi":"10.1016/j.radmp.2023.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radmp.2023.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To optimize targeted beta therapy for liver lesions in adult male phantom by comparing the efficacy and safety profiles of five different beta-emitting radionuclides: ⁹⁰Y, ¹⁶⁶Ho, ¹⁵³Sm, ⁴⁷Sc, and ¹⁷⁷Lu.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This study includes Monte Carlo simulations of the behavioral characteristics of five different beta emitters that have current or potential use in targeted beta therapy. The energy loss of beta particles moving within the material through ionization or chemical processes, the energy transferred to the material, the energy lost by beta particles along the distance traveled within the tissue, and consequently, the stopping power are calculated using the Bethe-Bloch formula. The CSDA (continuous slowing-down approximation) range of beta particles within the tissue is examined using ESTAR and GEANT codes, while the stopping power of the tissue is investigated using FLUKA, ESTAR, and GEANT codes. Tissue dose calculations for the target organ are obtained using the IDAC-Dose2.1 and MIRDcalc simulation programs, using parameters such as absorbed dose per accumulated activity (<em>S</em>-factor) and specific absorbed fraction (SAF). Additionally, dose and flux values are obtained using the PHITS program.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The behaviors and dose contribution of beta particles in liver tissue have been addressed in various ways. ⁹⁰Y, which has the highest average beta energy, was observed to provide a higher absorbed dose value in the liver compared to other beta-emitting isotopes, while the lowest absorbed dose was observed with ¹⁷⁷Lu. In other organs, it has been observed that ⁹⁰Y and ⁴⁷Sc contribute to a higher absorbed dose compared to other beta-emitting isotopes.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This study emphasizes the complexity and significance of targeted beta therapy optimization.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34051,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Medicine and Protection","volume":"4 4","pages":"Pages 244-252"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266655572300062X/pdfft?md5=4a375c76f3f7953726c80c0729ea90e1&pid=1-s2.0-S266655572300062X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135566787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating a novel protective agent against radiation-induced acute intestinal injury","authors":"Xin He ,&nbsp;Jing Wu ,&nbsp;Yinping Dong ,&nbsp;Wenxuan Li ,&nbsp;Xinyue Wang ,&nbsp;Qidong Huo ,&nbsp;Tongpeng Yue ,&nbsp;Yiliang Li ,&nbsp;Bin Wu ,&nbsp;Deguan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.radmp.2023.10.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radmp.2023.10.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To develop and synthesize a novel derivative of ethyl pyruvate, named TZC02, and investigate its radioprotective effects against ionizing radiation (IR)-induced intestinal injury in mice.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Male C57BL/6J mice weighing (20 ​± ​2) g in the survival experiment were randomly divided into five groups (<em>n</em> ​= ​10 in each): control group, IR group, IR ​+ ​TZC02 (50 ​mg/kg) group, IR ​+ ​TZC02 (100 ​mg/kg) group, and IR ​+ ​TZC02 (200 ​mg/kg) group. Mice's survival rates were monitored for 7 ​d. In other experiments, the male mice were randomly divided into three groups (<em>n</em> ​= ​5 per group): control group, IR group, and IR ​+ ​TZC02 (100 ​mg/kg) group. TZC02 was intragastrically administered 1 ​h before 12 ​Gy abdominal γ-ray irradiation (ABI) and 24 h, 48 h after irradiation, respectively. Three days after IR exposure, small intestinal tissues were collected and the number of small intestinal crypts was determined using hematoxylin &amp; eosin (H&amp;E) staining. Immunohistochemical analysis was used to assess the regenerative capacity of the small intestine (SI) and radiation-induced damage, stemness markers or DNA repair surrogates, including Ki67, lysozyme, and villus. The expressions of histone H2AX phosphorylation (γH2AX) and caspase-3 were evaluated through immunofluorescence analyses. Additionally, <em>in vitro</em> cultured small intestinal organoids were employed to investigate the effects of TZC02 on SI regeneration after irradiation.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The administration of TZC02 significantly improved the 7 ​d- survival rate of mice exposed to 12 ​Gy ABI (<em>P</em> ​&lt; ​0.05). Compared to the IR group, TZC02 treatment attenuated the decrease of SI Ki67-positive cells [(59.60 ​± ​6.33) <em>vs.</em> (37.70 ​± ​7.82), <em>t</em> ​= ​11.89, <em>P</em> ​&lt; ​0.0001) and Paneth cells [(9.90 ​± ​1.37) <em>vs.</em>(5.50 ​± ​1.71) , <em>t</em> ​= ​6.02, <em>P</em> ​&lt; ​0.001) in five crypts, and reduced structural damage to the SI [villus height, (349.49 ​± ​60.17) μm <em>vs.</em> (294.72 ​± ​40.09) ​μm; <em>t</em> ​= ​3.39; <em>P</em> &lt; ​0.05]. TZC02 also significantly decreased the crypt apoptosis detected by caspase-3 [(10.75 ​± ​1.26) <em>vs.</em> ​(29.83 ​± ​2.56), <em>t</em> ​= ​13.39, <em>P</em> ​&lt; ​0.0001) and DNA damage detected by gH2AX [(10.40 ​± ​1.14) <em>vs.</em> ​(29.60 ​± ​2.70), <em>t</em> ​= ​10.13, <em>P</em> ​&lt; ​0.0001)]. The organoid survival 7 ​d post-irradiation further confirmed the protective effects of TZC02 (area of organoids, (0.119 ​± ​0.081) ​mm² <em>vs.</em> ​(0.080 ​± ​0.037) ​mm²; <em>t</em> ​= ​2.30; <em>P</em> ​&lt; ​0.05).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This study demonstrate that TZC02 can offer effective protection against IR-induced intestinal injury, suggesting its potential as a promising protective compound for patients treated with radiotherapy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34051,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Medicine and Protection","volume":"4 4","pages":"Pages 221-226"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666555723000564/pdfft?md5=c8169ffca07f354c783dc39d775dfa5b&pid=1-s2.0-S2666555723000564-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135811174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting late radiation-induced xerostomia in nasopharyngeal carcinoma based on radiomics features extracted from T2WI images of parotids","authors":"Yonghui Qin ,&nbsp;Cheng Chang ,&nbsp;Li Huang ,&nbsp;Yong Yin ,&nbsp;Ruozheng Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.radmp.2023.06.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radmp.2023.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To explore the value of radiomics features extracted from the T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) images of parotids in predicting late radiation-induced xerostomia in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients after radiotherapy (RT).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A retrospective analysis was conducted for 123 NPC patients who received RT at the Affiliated Tumour Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from January 2019 to March 2021. All the patients underwent MRI pre-RT and post-RT. They were randomly divided into a training set and a testing set at a ratio of 4:1 using a random number table, with the former and the latter comprising 98 and 25 cases, respectively. The ipsilateral parotid gland (iPG) and the contralateral parotid gland (cPG) were delineated on T2WI images pre-RT and post-RT as regions of interest (ROIs). A total of 851 radiomics features were extracted from each ROI. Spearman analysis was used to remove redundant features, and the recursive feature elimination (RFE) method was then used to determine useful features. Using radiomics features extracted from images pre-treatment, images post-treatment, and differences between images pre- and post-treatment, this study constructed three radiomic models, namely the pre-treatment radiomics model (preRT), the post-treatment radiomics model (postRT), and the delta-radiomics model (DeltaRT). Then, this study plotted the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves based on the late radiation-induced xerostomia grades of patients post-RT. Furthermore, the models’ effectiveness and performance in predicting late radiation-induced xerostomia and advanced radioactive xerostomia was evaluated. In addition, the area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, specifi<strong>c</strong>ity, accuracy, precision, and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Among the features extracted from bilateral parotid glands (PGs), 20 were determined pre-RT (six from iPG and 14 from cPG), 19 were determined post-RT (six from iPG and 13 from cPG), and 20 were derived from the DeltaRT (20 from cPG). The PGs pre-RT and post-RT in the training set had AUCs of 0.902 (95% <em>CI</em>: 0.895–0.909) and 0.761 (95% <em>CI</em>: 0.744–0.778), respectively, while those in the testing set had AUCs of 0.740 (95% <em>CI</em>: 0.504–0.983) and 0.701 (95% <em>CI</em>: 0.478–0.924), respectively. In contrast, the AUC of the cPG derived from the DeltaRT was 0.867 (95% <em>CI</em>: 0.856–0.878) in the training set and 0.851 (95% <em>CI</em>: 0.697–0.999) in the testing set.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>There are significant correlations between radiomics features extracted from MRI T2WI images of parotids and late radiation-induced xerostomia in NPC patients. Among the radiomics features, the changes in cPG features pre-RT and post-RT have higher accuracy in predicting late radiation-induced xerostomia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34051,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Medicine and Protection","volume":"4 3","pages":"Pages 125-129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49655588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An analysis of the status of diagnostic radiology equipment in China","authors":"Shuxia Hao,&nbsp;Mengxue Li,&nbsp;Shengnan Fan,&nbsp;Hui Xu,&nbsp;Jinsheng Cheng,&nbsp;Jun Deng","doi":"10.1016/j.radmp.2023.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.radmp.2023.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To analyze the current situation of diagnostic radiology equipment in Chinese mainland and to understand changes in the past 20 years, including gaps with other countries, in order to provide a scientific basis for the government to formulate relevant policies and regulations, and supplement Chinese data for international organizations.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This survey adopted a uniformly designed questionnaire, which was completed by the investigators or the respondents. The survey was distributed to all medical institutions that provided diagnostic radiology services in 31 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities, excluding Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan, and military, China.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The survey showed that in the past 20 years, the number of medical institutions and diagnostic radiology equipment per million population in China has increased substantially. Dental radiology equipment increased nine-fold, and mammography equipment and computed tomography scanners showed a nearly five-fold increase. The four types of diagnostic radiology equipment, general diagnostic, fluoroscopic, mammography, and computed tomography, were associated with the population. Dental radiology equipment and bone mineral densitometers were related only to the gross domestic product (GDP). A large gap remains in the diagnostic radiology equipment per million population between China and the equipment of health-care level (HCL) I countries.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>An imbalance in the number of units of diagnostic radiology equipment per million population was observed in the different regions, China. Various types of diagnostic radiology equipment, especially mammography equipment and computed tomography scanners, need to be deployed to meet the medical needs of different populations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34051,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Medicine and Protection","volume":"4 3","pages":"Pages 170-175"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42380101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construction of voxel-based Portunus haanii phantom and its absorbed fractions and specific absorbed fractions calculation based on Monte Carlo simulations","authors":"Yaqin Zhang ,&nbsp;Chunhui Gong ,&nbsp;Chang Guo ,&nbsp;Peng Wang ,&nbsp;Wenjun Wang ,&nbsp;Pengtao Cao ,&nbsp;Qiang Li ,&nbsp;Yi Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.radmp.2023.06.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radmp.2023.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To build the database of the absorbed fractions (AFs) and specific absorbed fractions (SAFs), in order to accurately assess the internal radiation dose in non-human biota.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A voxel-based <em>Portunus haanii</em> phantom was established based on the computed tomography (CT) images. A set of AFs and SAFs were calculated with Monte Carlo toolkit Geant4 for the emission of monoenergetic photons and electrons with energies ranging from 10 ​keV to 5 ​MeV.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The mass of the voxel-based <em>Portunus haanii</em> phantom (392.2 ​g) was in agreement with the actual mass (389.2 ​g), indicating the reliability of the phantom. The calculated AFs and SAFs, based on the voxel-based <em>Portunus haanii</em> phantom, provided precise and reliable data for conducting internal radiation dose calculations specifically tailored to the Chinese Red Swimming Crab (<em>Portunus haanii</em>). The results indicated that the self-AFs and self-SAFs were affected by both the radiation energy and the mass of the source/target organ. Moreover, the AFs and SAFs for cross irradiation, were not only dependent on the energy and the mass of the target organ, but also on the relative position of the source and target organs.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>These results serve as a valuable resource for accurately evaluating the internal radiation exposure of this species.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34051,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Medicine and Protection","volume":"4 3","pages":"Pages 159-164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49729658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}