Diplomaticheskaja sluzhba (Diplomatic Service)最新文献

{"title":"The Middle East and the modern World order","authors":"S. Ivanov","doi":"10.33920/vne-01-2302-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33920/vne-01-2302-02","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes the role and importance of the countries of the Middle East in the modern world, mentions the historical past of the region as the cradle of several ancient civilizations and three world religions, one of the most important political, economic, religious and cultural centers of our planet. The author notes that for millennia there was a fi erce struggle of the so-called pretenders to world domination for infl uence in the Middle East. External forces in the form of various empires and states failed to subjugate the countries of the Middle East or make them their instruments in foreign policy. In the post-Cold War era, the US has attempted to dominate the Middle East under its concept of a unipolar world. However, the vast majority of countries in the region, primarily the Arab states, preferred to maintain relations with the Russian Federation, began to develop their relations with China, India, and other world and regional powers. Even Washington's allies in the Middle East, represented by Israel and Turkey, retained their sovereignty in foreign policy. Almost all the countries of the region adhere to the line of diversifying their external relations, showing interest in participating in the work of new authoritative independent international organizations such as the SCO and BRICS. The visit of Chinese leader Xi Jinping to Saudi Arabia in December 2022 and his participation in two summits of the Arab states demonstrated the mutual interest of the countries of the region and China in the accelerated development of the entire range of their bilateral and multilateral relations. The author highlights the contrast in the reception of a Chinese guest in Riyadh compared to Joe Biden's rather vague summer 2022 visit to the KSA capital. Washington clearly failed to draw the Arab countries into its foreign policy games. All countries in the region, including Israel and Turkey, chose to take a neutral position with respect to the Ukrainian crisis, and the hydrocarbon exporting countries did not increase their oil and gas production and exports to the world market, despite persistent requests and pressure from Washington. The article concludes that the Middle East prefers to adhere to the model of a polycentric world, where all countries and regions have equal rights and opportunities, including the right to pursue an independent foreign policy.","PeriodicalId":339528,"journal":{"name":"Diplomaticheskaja sluzhba (Diplomatic Service)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129997006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"About the key regional priority of Russia's foreign policy","authors":"L. Klepatsky","doi":"10.33920/vne-01-2302-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33920/vne-01-2302-03","url":null,"abstract":"The state structures of the country are developing a new concept of the state's foreign policy. The geopolitical situation has changed dramatically and the previous concept no longer refl ects the new reality. The concept will determine the main priorities of the country, including regional ones. In previous documents, the European one occupied the priority place among them. Due to the increased dynamics of political and economic processes in Asia, an increase in its share in the global economy, an increase in the potential for conflict in this region and, consequently, the need to solve regional security problems, Russia should set the Asian direction as its key regional priority. This is an objective necessity. The article examines the factors contributing to the preference of this priority, among them the policy of the European Union, which was created by Western European elites to form a \"united Europe\" under the auspices of the EU. The aim was to reduce Russia's infl uence on pan-European processes, pushing it into the Asian part of the Eurasian space. Eurasia should take its proper place in the new concept of Russia's foreign policy. In addition to developing relations with the leading Asian countries, with ASEAN, fi lling these relations with appropriate content, the bet should be placed on the development of integration within the EU, which does not remain a loose integration. In addition, Western countries have increased pressure on the Central Asian states with the aim of tearing their economy away from the Russian economy. Strengthening the EAEU meets the interests not only of our country, but also of the Central Asian states, since it is difficult for them individually to resist the larger players in Asia. The combined potential of the EAEU countries, taking into account Uzbekistan's cooperation with them, is a market of 23 million people. This is a fairly self-suffi cient market with large resources. Therefore, the development of the potential of the EAEU, strengthening its position as an integration association should take a key place in the regional priorities of our country's foreign policy.","PeriodicalId":339528,"journal":{"name":"Diplomaticheskaja sluzhba (Diplomatic Service)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130116255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nuclear Parity — Objective Stability Factor of Multipolar World","authors":"L. Grishaeva","doi":"10.33920/vne-01-2302-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33920/vne-01-2302-01","url":null,"abstract":"The article studies the phenomenon of nuclear parity, which serves as a guarantee of preventing a new war at the nuclear level. The author reveals the essence and traces the process of the formation of nuclear parity between the leading nuclear powers — the USA and the USSR/Russia. The author convincingly shows that at present nuclear parity is undergoing significant erosion due to the US desire to dominate in the military-strategic field, which upsets the existing balance of forces in the world and leads to destabilization of the international situation. The author reveals such concepts as \"nuclear club\" and \"nuclear triad\". The author pays special attention to NATO, rightly pointing out that Russia is concerned not only by its territorial expansion, but by the desire of the United States to deploy nuclear weapons in NATO member countries in Europe near Russia's borders, which poses a threat to its security. As a result, the author comes to the conclusion that US nuclear hegemony is unacceptable, but only leads to a new round of the arms race, including tactical nuclear weapons. Nuclear parity, according to the author, is an objective factor that makes up the stability of a multipolar world without global wars.","PeriodicalId":339528,"journal":{"name":"Diplomaticheskaja sluzhba (Diplomatic Service)","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123348946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"China's view of a multipolar world","authors":"A. Galimzyanova","doi":"10.33920/vne-01-2301-06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33920/vne-01-2301-06","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the position and attitude of China to the multipolar world. The author emphasizes that a profound transformation of the entire system of international relations is currently taking place. World has entered a new period of upheaval and change. There are more and more global challenges and threats. Tendencies of unilateralism, protectionism and hegemonism are increasingly manifesting themselves. Non-traditional security threats such as public health, terrorism, climate change and cybersecurity are also on the rise. The instability and uncertainty the world is facing is obvious. At the same time, the world’s multipolarity, economic globalization, social informatization and the diversification of civilizations continue to deepen, and the international community’s call for peace and development is growing stronger. Further, the author reveals in detail the position of China on how to respond to new challenges and changes taking place in the world, set out by the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Wang Yi, who calls for peace-loving, striving for development and openness, cooperating with each other and not confronting and uniting. He also calls to be fair, not to intimidate anyone and not to engage in harassment. Much attention is given to the presentation of the views of Chinese researchers on the modern world order and on the role of China in international relations. Some scholars argue about the need to continuously increase the level of openness to the outside world through the joint construction of the “Belt and Road” and the deepening of strategic cooperation with developing countries. Others speak of the need to adhere to the democratization of international relations, oppose hegemonic powers and advocate for joint overcoming of global challenges and threats. Still others are about maintaining strategic resolve, promoting economic globalization and improving people’s living standards. The author comes to the conclusion that China is an active supporter of a multipolar world and is ready, together with other countries, to strengthen unity and cooperation, continue to improve the global governance system and jointly seek ways to solve global problems.","PeriodicalId":339528,"journal":{"name":"Diplomaticheskaja sluzhba (Diplomatic Service)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128571258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Middle East in a framework within the Global geopolitical transformation","authors":"S. E. Ivanov","doi":"10.33920/vne-01-2301-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33920/vne-01-2301-01","url":null,"abstract":"Against a background of the substantial geopolitical changes, which are, symbolized breaking with westcentrism unipolarity, fi rst of all US supremacy in world aff airs and transition to a new more balanced global order. The Arab community is in search of its own place, which is correspond with its achieved mighty level. All is said in favor of this: the real practice of the Middle East States as far as is concerned foreign policy adjusting to the new realities and in vital interest of their own, having been proamericanly imbalanced during long period. This process is not simple: during it diff erent changes are quite possible even retreats to the previous stands. Mush is dependent on the force of Washington counteraction and of course dependent on political will and fi rmness of purpose of ruling circles of the Arab States in the Middle East. But most important is that the fi rst steps are already have made, fi rst of all in energy security. All of this is in favour of Russia, vitally interest in such world architecture of the global policy which is to work for majority of States on the Earth and be more justice. As far as the current situation is concerned Arad States of the Middle East even nowadays might be cold supportive partners of our country. Beside energy background of this partnership are ethics, social and confessional values, first of all in family relations and gender sphere. The most common factor, which gets as closer is our long non conflict multi centuries history of the mutual intercourse: we never fought each other under battle ground. On the contrary there are a lot of examples of our beneficial cooperation in economy, investment activity, medicine and so on and so forth, and in recent years — common struggle against national terrorism.","PeriodicalId":339528,"journal":{"name":"Diplomaticheskaja sluzhba (Diplomatic Service)","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115839298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Studia diplomatica. The Diplomacy of Apocalypsis","authors":"E. Medem","doi":"10.33920/vne-01-2301-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33920/vne-01-2301-02","url":null,"abstract":"Crisis status of the contemporary Western civilisation and the processes of its secular spiritual decay as the main reason for conflict state with the Russian world with its Christian Orthodox tradition. Inability for Russia to acknowledge the modern neoliberal order, enforced in Europe and initiated by an Anglo-Saxon non-Christian ideology. Its impact and of its secular values on general situation around European and global diplomacy, international law marginalisation as a legal nihilism as a result of it. Attempt to substitute traditional diplomatic notions and values in favour of liberal supremacy as the main reason for weakness and ineffectiveness of today’s diplomacy and nullity of international law. Given the historical part of Russian Europe in forming European and Europe-Asian identity, an obvious task is to save the historical Europe, to protect its Christian identity from Anglo-Saxon antihumane ideas and from cancel-culture policy in Europe. In this regard historical school of European diplomacy preserves its major role, which had been formed with the Russian foreign policy involvement during the last centuries. The very diplomatic factors must ensure the European cultural identity, the century traditions of unity and alliance between Russia and European countries. With Anglo-Saxon protectorate in Europe, US interests dominance, preserving Russian role in European expanse is crucial in Western European conscious, as well as impeding the decline of Russia’s activities in relations with European states and prevention of vacuum in such cooperation, despite the rise of interest towards East and Asia. It’s important not to allow a revision of geopolitical role of Russia on the Western direction due to costs of the turn to the East. Both in cultural and civilisational aspects Russia remains to be a European state, and a geopolitical view on cooperation with Asia must not lead to the destruction of Russian positions and infl uence in Europe. With the de-facto transformation of the EU into a military-political power, a NATO affix, it’s important to put eff orts into the rise of the level of bilateral relations and a partnership with the European countries, securing a reduction of the EU negative role, which doesn’t represent the whole Europe, with Russia being part of it.","PeriodicalId":339528,"journal":{"name":"Diplomaticheskaja sluzhba (Diplomatic Service)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128750793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diplomacy in a Proxy war","authors":"Amber Bartosh","doi":"10.33920/vne-01-2301-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33920/vne-01-2301-03","url":null,"abstract":"The activity of diplomacy to resolve the proxy war as one of the military conflicts of our time, which, apparently, will signifi cantly determine the development of the military-power component of foreign policy for many years, is based on the principle of interaction and interdependence of several participants in the military proxy confl ict. The confl icting interests of the participants require flexibility, insight, and the ability of diplomacy to bring together and promptly analyze the totality of conflict factors based on reliable, proactive information. In the conditions of the existence of nuclear weapons, the concept of \"proxy war or proxy war\" largely determines the relations between states in the foreign policy sphere. The efforts of politicians, diplomats and the military in the preparation and during the proxy conflict are characterized by a two-vector orientation: firstly, to achieve the goals set, and secondly, to prevent the transformation of a military-military clash into a large-scale.","PeriodicalId":339528,"journal":{"name":"Diplomaticheskaja sluzhba (Diplomatic Service)","volume":"105 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114819614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From a unipolar to a multipolar world: theoretical justifi cation of the inevitability of the transformation of the world order","authors":"V. Vinokurov","doi":"10.33920/vne-01-2301-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33920/vne-01-2301-04","url":null,"abstract":"For many years, there has been an active discussion among domestic and foreign specialists in international relations, experts and observers on the transformation of the modern world order. At the same time, a variety of problems are discussed, ranging from the timing of the end of the era of the unipolar world to the configuration of the future multipolar world and its main authors. The author of this article tries to give scientifically grounded answers to all these questions, referring to the works and statements of various representatives of offi cial authorities, the academic world and practical foreign policy. At the same time, emphasis is placed on the statements of US political scientists who are unsuccessfully trying to convince the White House of the inevitability of the end of the era of the hegemony of the United States of America and the advent of the era of \"multi-party impartiality\".","PeriodicalId":339528,"journal":{"name":"Diplomaticheskaja sluzhba (Diplomatic Service)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134040452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Euro-Atlantic perspective on the concept of multipolarity in the context of degradation of Western values","authors":"Yu. I. Gerasimova","doi":"10.33920/vne-01-2301-07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33920/vne-01-2301-07","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of multipolarity implies a geopolitical situation in which several power centres balance each other. Devising solutions of international development should be implemented in parity conditions. Russian’s approach to multilateralism was fi rst articulated by former Russian prime minister Yevgeny Primakov in the late 1990s under which Russia's interaction with multilateral institutions is based on steadfast observance of international law. The article briefl y analyzes Western understanding of the concept of multipolarity in light of the deterioration in the international situation and attempts to introduce a «mental quarantine» and outright segregation in relation to the Russian world by Washington and its satellites. For the analysis, the method of cognitive mapping was used. We have to admit that Russophobia in the West is an artificially implanted trend in the spirit of the new time, proclaiming a total rejection of traditional values. It can be concluded that global shifts provoked from the outside are just as destructive and vicious an experiment with unpredictable consequences as a rethinking of the role and significance of the family, the experience of previous generations and, in general, the foundations of human existence.","PeriodicalId":339528,"journal":{"name":"Diplomaticheskaja sluzhba (Diplomatic Service)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122641322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Russian-Latin American diplomatic and trade-economic relations as the multipolar world’s formation basis","authors":"M. P. Torshin","doi":"10.33920/vne-01-2301-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33920/vne-01-2301-05","url":null,"abstract":"The article is dedicated to diplomatic and trade-economic relations between Russia and Latin American countries as one of bases of multipolar world’s formation. Clearly, the emergence of the multipolar world is a difficult and long-term process. Yet, this world is now being created by states, political and economic associations, regions and whole continents. Latin American and Caribbean countries are actively participating in the formation of this new world order. The countries of the region hold quite independent views on many international problems including the formation of new world order, and these views share much similarity with Russian opinion on the matter. These states support the leading role of the UN and its Security Council; they did not join the western sanctions against Russia and practically stopped being the USA’s “backyard”. Moreover, the majority of Latin American countries have introduced the visa-free regime for Russian citizens. This lets us consider the Latin America to be the element in the building of the new world order. Many states seek to develop and support the stable diplomatic and trade-economic relations with Latin American countries, especially China, the USA and the European Union. Russia has a long history of international relations with Latin American countries. In the XIX century the Russian Empire established the diplomatic relations with Argentina, Brazil and Venezuela. Later, the USSR supported close diplomatic and trade-economic relations with a number of Latin American states. After the dissolution of the USSR the Russian relations with these countries were recreated, developed and strengthened. Our cooperation is growing in all areas: diplomacy, trade, science, education, medicine, energy etc. Now the questions of creating the common bank and trading in national currencies are being discussed. Russia enjoys the diplomatic relations with all Latin American countries; these relations are evolving, and there are perspectives of their future enhancement.","PeriodicalId":339528,"journal":{"name":"Diplomaticheskaja sluzhba (Diplomatic Service)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123852041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}