Comparative Politics Russia最新文献

{"title":"Понятие «мирового порядка»: теории и реальность","authors":"Борис Иванович Нефедов","doi":"10.24411/2221-3279-2021-10025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24411/2221-3279-2021-10025","url":null,"abstract":"At present, there is no common perception in modern science and international political practice of what the world (international) order (legal order) is. The article analyzes the relevant points of view. It is concluded that by referring to the relevant provisions, generally accepted in the framework of the general theory of law and the theory of international law, it is possible to get close enough to the solution of this problem. The article also examines other problems related to the essence of the concepts of the world (international) order and its types (world public order, world legal order and global world legal order), and also the varieties of social norms of the international regulatory system, the results of the implementation of which shape the corresponding orders. Special attention is paid to the fact that, in contrast to the widespread perceptions, all three types of world order are neither a set of international relations, nor a set of norms regulating such relations. According to the theory of international law, they are the result of the implementation of the requirements of certain norms of the international regulatory system aimed at managing international public relations. In addition, various factors influence the state of a particular type of international order (including a change in the hierarchy of states depending on their role in the international political and/or economic system, the formation of new centers of power, a change in bipolarity, polycentricity or monocentricity of the world, the emergence of multilateral integration formations, the activities of international multilateral institutions, etc.), but they should also not be confused with international orders themselves.","PeriodicalId":339296,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Politics Russia","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132942912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Китайское проникновение в Африку: сравнительно-историческая ретроспектива","authors":"Евгений Ильич Зеленев, М. А. Солощева","doi":"10.24411/2221-3279-2020-10052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24411/2221-3279-2020-10052","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, the authors conduct a comparative historical analysis of the stages of Chinese penetration into Africa, the concepts, goals, means, methods and consequences of this penetration for China itself and for individual African countries. The authors conclude that compared to the period of twenty years ago, when China began to show increased interest in Africa, a new situation has now emerged. China has created a binary structure: the Forum of China-Africa cooperation launches a mechanism for selecting countries that are ready to follow the political path of the PRC with the prospect of becoming a country-follower of China, and the “One belt – one road” program de facto “forms membership” in the club of countries-followers of China, fixing these countries in the trail of Chinese influence not only politically, but also economically.","PeriodicalId":339296,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Politics Russia","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114633572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Анализ дискуссий внутри китайского общества о положении Китая в мире на фоне обострения отношений с США в период пандемии","authors":"А. Н. Карнеев, А. С. Пятачкова","doi":"10.24411/2221-3279-2020-10054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24411/2221-3279-2020-10054","url":null,"abstract":"During the pandemic, Sino-US relations have remarkably deteriorated. The institutionalization of such destructive practices as toughening rhetoric in the media and sanctions is becoming obvious. As the model of bilateral relations is now aimed at decoupling the degradation will continue. These trends inevitably affect the mood of the Chinese society. The article analyzes opinions on foreign policy in Chinese society in the context of Sino American relations within the pandemic period. The work is divided into two parts: the first assesses general trends in US-China relations. The second part traces the current trends in the modern ideological and political atmosphere in Chinese society. The episode with congratulations to the Chinese public from the American administration on the occasion of the 101st anniversary of the famous «May 4, 1919 movement» is analyzed as a case study. The research shows that this event received ambiguous and even opposite assessments: part of the society saw in it as an attempt to accuse China of the spread of coronavirus and the imposition of Western values. Another part emphasized M. Pottinger’s rather high level of spoken Chinese and noted that the very fact of congratulation can be viewed as a positive moment for bilateral relations. There were also positions combining both approaches. The case under consideration reveals the danger of decoupling initiated by the parties. The tension between the PRC and the United States leads to the fact that the partners are starting to interpret each other’s intentions as presumably hostile, even taking into account such a formally favorable occasion as congratulations on a significant historical date. Meanwhile, it seems that the presence of positive interpretations against the background of a general deterioration in bilateral relations also cannot be ignored. Although public opinion cannot be unambiguous and does not always directly influence specific political steps, it is important to take into account the full range of opinions for an objective and comprehensive analysis of Sino American relations.","PeriodicalId":339296,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Politics Russia","volume":"18 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134259147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"КИТАЙСКАЯ ПОЛИТИКА В СФЕРЕ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХ САНКЦИЙ: ТЕОРИЯ И ПРАКТИКА","authors":"В. Б. Кашин, А. С. Пятачкова, Л.С. Крашенинникова","doi":"10.24411/2221-3279-2020-10024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24411/2221-3279-2020-10024","url":null,"abstract":"China is perceived, on the one hand, as a long-term object of sanction pressure, on the other hand, as a consistent critic of using unilateral sanctions for political purposes. At the same time China has regularly applied unilateral economic sanctions at least since 2000-ies. As the PRC’s economic power grows, the world sees a rising number of the Chinese unilateral sanctions, which become increasingly effective. Analyzing China’s sanctions policy is complicated, as Beijing’s unilateral sanctions mostly lack any official announcement. The tools of sanction pressure concern export control, public authorities’ increased activity, sanitary restrictions, canceling previously approved credit lines, etc. China is most ready to apply sanctions as a response to issues concerning the offence of its military security and infringement of its and territorial integrity, both being identified as core national interests. Yet the number of sanctions applied to ensure a wider range of objectives is increasing. This article studies the Chinese approaches to the application of unilateral sanctions that are reflected in available publications of the Chinese scholars and particular examples of PRC’s sanctions policy. Since this paper is specifically focused on unilateral economic sanctions, it does not address the issues of China’s participation in implementation of sanctions measures introduced by the UN Security Council.","PeriodicalId":339296,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Politics Russia","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116277054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Российско-китайское сотрудничество и безопасность в АТР","authors":"Александр Лукин, В. Б. Кашин","doi":"10.24411/2221-3279-2019-10021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24411/2221-3279-2019-10021","url":null,"abstract":"The authors argue that Russian-Chinese rapprochement is a fundamental feature of the current changing system of international relations. The two countries are effectively enabling each other to conduct independent foreign policies often in direct opposition to the West. There is a degree of complementarity between the two sides withRussiahaving comparative advantage in the military, intelligence and diplomatic fields andChinabeing an economic superpower. The region ofCentral Asiawhich, as some Western authors have expected, could become the hotpoint of the Russian Chinese rivalry. Yet in reality it became the cradle of the two countries’ cooperation which is now affecting a wide range of international issues. Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) has emerged as the main platform for Russian-Chinese cooperation inCentral Asia. AfterIndiaandPakistanjoined the SCO in 2017 it is evolving into a mechanism of Russian Chinese cooperation not only inCentral Asiabut in the Indo Pacific as a whole. The Korean peninsula is another important area of coordination betweenMoscowandBeijingin the Asia Pacific.RussiaandChinahave also been working on increasing interoperability of their military forces in the region since mid 2000s. Technically they have already done a great job for preparing ground for a military alliance. However, politically they do not appear to be ready for that yet.","PeriodicalId":339296,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Politics Russia","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133231403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE FUTURE OF IRAN-CHINA RELATIONS: AN ALLIANCE OR PURE COOPERATION?","authors":"А. Б. Долатабади, Р. Зареи","doi":"10.24411/22221-3279-2018-00005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24411/22221-3279-2018-00005","url":null,"abstract":"The future of the Iranian political relations with other countries  especially China in the post-nuclear-agreementera is of serious  importance in the Iranian foreign policy in the Rouhani  administration. Despite turbulences in the relations of the two  countries in recent years, theirs have been stronger than the trade  relations between Iran and western countries. For this reason, the  shift from ordinary to strategic relations between Iran and China is  attracting serious attention in the political circles in Iran. The  supporters argue for the present and future stance of China in the  international society and its constructive role during the western- imposed sanctions against Iran. The opponents refer to the poorer  Chinese technology as opposed to their Western rivals and to  ambivalent and at time anti-Iranian stances Beijing adopted in the  Iranian nuclear problem. The question this paper seeks to answer is  whether there is a possibility of the promotion of the relations of the  two countries in future and the possible obstacles in the way.","PeriodicalId":339296,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Politics Russia","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114555827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Арабская весна и ее глобальное эхо: количественный анализ","authors":"Андрей Коротаев, Кира Владимировна Мещерина, Екатерина Дмитриевна Куликова, Василий Георгиевич Дельянов","doi":"10.18611/2221-3279-2017-8-4-113-126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18611/2221-3279-2017-8-4-113-126","url":null,"abstract":"It is shown that the Arab Spring acted as a trigger for a global wave of socio-political destabilization, which signifi cantly exceeded the scale of the Arab Spring itself and affected absolutely all world-system zones. Only in 2011 the growth of the global number of largescale anti-government demonstrations, riots and political strikes was to a high degree (although not entirely) due to their growth in the Arab world. In the ensuing years, the Arab countries rather made a negative contribution to a very noticeable further increase in the global number of large-scale anti-government demonstrations, riots and general strikes (the global intensity of all these three important types of socio-political destabilization continued to grow despite the decline in the Arab world). Thus, for all these three important indicators of sociopolitical destabilization, the scale of the global echo of the Arab Spring has overshadowed the scale of the Arab Spring itself. Only as regards the fourth considered indicator (major terrorist attacks / guerrilla warfare) the scale of the global echo for the entire period considered did not overshadow the scale of the Arab Spring (and, incidentally, «Winter») - and in 2014-2015 Arab countries continued to make a disproportionate contribution to the historically record global values of this sad indicator – global number of major terrorist attacks/ guerilla warfare. To conclude, triggered by the Arab Spring, the global wave of socio-political destabilization led after 2010 to a very signifi cant growth of socio-political instability in absolutely all World System zones. However, this global destabilization wave manifested itself in different World System zones in different ways and not completely synchronously.","PeriodicalId":339296,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Politics Russia","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127248139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Тип режима и индексы социально- политической нестабильности: опыт количественного анализа","authors":"Станислав Эдуардович Билюга","doi":"10.18611/2221-3279-2017-8-4-95-112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18611/2221-3279-2017-8-4-95-112","url":null,"abstract":"The article provides an analysis of the dependencies between the individual indexes destabilization of the collected CNTS, and types of regimes (“Freedom House”) from 1973 to 2012. Review and analysis is conducted through the prism of four stages of time: 1) 1973-2012; 2) 1973-1991: 2.1) 1973- 1989; 2.2) 1973-1991; 3) 1992-2010; 4) 2011- 2012.","PeriodicalId":339296,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Politics Russia","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125583801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ОТНОШЕНИЕ ИСЛАМСКИХ ИНСТИТУТОВ К БОРЬБЕ С МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫМ ТЕРРОРИЗМОМ","authors":"Хасан Джаббари Насир","doi":"10.18611/2221-3279-2017-8-4-42-59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18611/2221-3279-2017-8-4-42-59","url":null,"abstract":"According to the neoinstitutionalism theory, institutions are divided into two groups: formal and informal. Formal institutions are the enshrined legal provisions, laws by which government are guided and institutionalized norms. Informal institutions include rules of conduct, system of values, ideology and traditions which are the defi ning factor of social behavior of a person. The article deals with the problem of fi ghting against international terrorism in the context of Islam as an informal institution and activity of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) as formal an institution. In Islam terrorism in all its forms is rejected. In Islamic tradition acts of violence are classifi ed under different names – a muhariba, fataq, ightiyal, ghadar, baghiy and irhab and are absolutely rejected. The present terrorist activities which terrorists carry out by justifying them with distorted provisions and interpretations of Islamic doctrines has nothing to do with laws of Sharia. Terrorism as goal pursuing method also rejected by the Organization of Islamic cooperation – the largest formal Islamic institution. The offi cial position of the OIC member-states on this matter is enshrined in conventions, resolutions and different declarations, and also in the constant stance of the secretary general of the Organization that demonstrates the serious concern and commitment of this institute to fi ght against international terrorism.","PeriodicalId":339296,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Politics Russia","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129398346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Теория международных отношений в зеркалах «научных картин мира»: что дальше?","authors":"Татьяна Александровна Алексеева","doi":"10.18611/2221-3279-2017-8-4-30-41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18611/2221-3279-2017-8-4-30-41","url":null,"abstract":"The author regards in this article the questions, which are connected with the ontological and epistemological foundations of the theoretical international studies. IR as science refl ects the main features of the dominating at the epoch scientifi c world pictures as the way of cognition. As the term “scientifi c world picture” was formulated by the German philosopher Martin Heidegger as well as by the most prominent scholars of the fi rst part of the 20th century – by M. Planck, A. Einstein, N. Bohr, E. Schrodinger etc. Even if some contribution in the development of sciences was done already in the period of Antiquity and Middle Ages, the scientifi c world picture was formulated only with the transition to Modernity, with the exude of the human being from nature. Being based on the typology, done be the Russian academician philosopher V.S. Stepin . the author regards the specifi cs the main scientifi c world pictures, and their consequences in the classical, non classical and post non classical science. By the way, the IR science with great diffi culties accepts the new worldview, at its main part still functioning in a sense of the Newtonian mechanistic world picture. Even if the attempts have been made to be fi tted into the new scientifi c world pictures, the gap between the natural and social sciences is still diffi cult to overcome, and the usage of the newest world view ideas is still fragmented and even marginal. Because of that the latest attempt to fi nd soma balance between the traditions and innovations, by the most famous constructivist Alexander Wendt with his newest book “quantum Mind and Social Science” deserves through attention and analysis.","PeriodicalId":339296,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Politics Russia","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127768258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}