International Journal of Hydrogen Energy最新文献

{"title":"Efficient stable water-gas shift catalysis via dual-function nickel promotion at Pt/CeO2 interfaces","authors":"Pengwei Liu ,&nbsp;Rongbing Nie ,&nbsp;Junni Guo ,&nbsp;Zhiyu Li ,&nbsp;Qi Zhong ,&nbsp;Siyuan Xu ,&nbsp;Shilong Li ,&nbsp;Mingheng Yuan ,&nbsp;Yu Xie ,&nbsp;Mingzhi Wang ,&nbsp;Jianjun Chen ,&nbsp;Qiulin Zhang ,&nbsp;Ping Ning","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.153711","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.153711","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The water-gas shift reaction (WGSR) is indispensable for industrial hydrogen production and carbon monoxide (CO) removal. Ceria supported platinum (Pt) catalysts demonstrate great potential owing to their ability to dissociate H₂O molecules on oxygen vacancies or Ce³⁺ sites. However, monometallic Pt/CeO₂ catalyst suffers from insufficient activity and stability. Herein, we developed a bimetallic Pt–Ni/CeO₂ catalyst by introducing Ni as a promoter to optimize the Pt-ceria interface. Activity tests demonstrated a 2.8-fold increase in reaction rate at 200 °C and enhanced stability (120 h at 300 °C) compared to Pt/CeO₂. The characterization results indicated that the introduction of highly dispersed NiO species in the Pt/CeO₂ catalyst not only modulates the electronic structure of Pt sites, but also significantly increases the content of oxygen vacancies and surface hydroxyls on ceria support. In situ Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transformations spectroscopy (DRIFTS) identified reaction intermediates and elucidated the reaction pathway. Nickel modification promotes water dissociation at oxygen vacancies at the interface to generate hydroxyl groups, which react with CO adsorbed at adjacent Pt sites via formate intermediates, thereby enhancing low-temperature activity. This study highlights the critical role of bimetallic synergy in optimizing metal-support interactions to achieve efficient WGSR catalysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 153711"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146186997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the risk of pressure relief devices in hydrogen systems","authors":"Alejandro Jimenez ,&nbsp;Katrina M. Groth","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.153719","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.153719","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrogen is increasingly being used as an alternative renewable energy carrier that aids in meeting sustainability goals. This transition necessitates establishing an infrastructure for storing, transporting, and distributing hydrogen. This infrastructure includes modular tube trailers for compressed gas and stationary equipment to transfer, dispense, and store hydrogen. These systems are typically equipped with pressure relief devices (PRDs) to protect systems from uncontrolled pressure increases. Without PRDs, a substantial pressure increase has the potential to rupture equipment and release hydrogen, which could lead to fires, explosions, and significant damage. In that sense, the U.S. requires the use of PRDs on tube trailers to prevent these events; however, European regulations and standards do not require their use, providing two contrasting approaches. Furthermore, recent incidents and risk assessments have shown that these PRDs can also be the root cause of leaks and releases.</div><div>This paper describes a quantitative risk assessment (QRA) performed on a gaseous hydrogen refueling station supplied by a tube trailer, identifying the contribution and effect that PRDs have on the overall hydrogen fueling station risk. In this work, we consider twenty different tube trailer arrangements by varying the number of tubes and the PRDs installed on the tubes, evaluating the impact of PRDs on risk. Risk Reduction Worth (RRW) and Risk Achievement Worth (RAW) importance measures were estimated for spurious operation, external leak, and failure to operate failure modes. These importance measures enabled a comparison of the importance of these failure modes in relation to the overall hydrogen fueling station risk.</div><div>The analysis shows that the highest risk occurs when burst discs are used in the tube trailer, and the lowest risk when a fireproofing or thermal protection system is used in the tubes with no installed PRDs. Nevertheless, the risk associated with using fireproofing or a thermal protection system decreased by a maximum of 2% relative to the cases aligned with the European approach (i.e., no PRDs installed without fireproofing). Additionally, the importance measures indicate that there is a higher importance in the risk contributed by events initiated by PRDs (i.e., spurious operations, external leaks) than the risk of not controlling and overpressure (i.e., failure to operate) showing that the European approach is more reasonable, from a risk-based perspective, than the U.S. requirement.</div><div>These results provide important insights into design and operational changes, as well as upcoming code and standard developments, to ensure the continuous, safe, and reliable operation of hydrogen systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 153719"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146187052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical investigation of altitude-dependent combustion behavior in a gas turbine fueled by a molar 50–50 ammonia–Jet-A blend","authors":"Yasin Furkan Gorgulu ,&nbsp;Selcuk Ekici ,&nbsp;T. Hikmet Karakoc","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.153854","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.153854","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a numerical investigation of a 50–50 M blend of ammonia and Jet-A fuel under varying cruise flight conditions. Reactive flow simulations were performed at six flight levels FL300 to FL390 using a turbulence-coupled combustion model with an air excess ratio of 2.65. Temperature contours revealed peak flame temperatures decreased slightly from approximately 1920 K at FL300 to 1910 K at FL390. Ammonia was completely consumed near the flame front, while Jet-A exhibited extended oxidation profiles at higher altitudes. The resulting CO₂ mass fraction remained below 0.10 across all cases, indicating roughly 9% lower carbon dioxide emissions compared to conventional Jet-A combustion at equivalent heat release. Nitric oxide formation was confined to post-flame regions, with NO mass fractions ranging from 5.0 × 10⁻⁷ at FL300 to 3.8 × 10⁻⁷ at FL390. Total NO_x emissions remained minimal, consistently below 1.0 × 10⁻⁸. Velocity profiles showed axial acceleration with increasing altitude, reaching up to 200 m s⁻¹ at FL390. Turbulent kinetic energy remained moderate under 5 m² s⁻², ensuring sufficient mixing and flame stabilization. This study reveals that flame length increases and combustion efficiency decreases with altitude, highlighting operational risks associated with high-altitude ammonia co-firing in aviation gas turbines. Nonetheless, the results demonstrate that molar ammonia–Jet-A blending enables stable and low-emission combustion across typical cruise conditions, supporting its feasibility as a transitional strategy for low-carbon aviation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 153854"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146187213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harnessing the photocatalytic potential of Janus TlXI (X = S, Se) monolayers for hydrogen and oxygen evolution in solar-driven water splitting","authors":"Utsav P. Prajapati ,&nbsp;Niyati Gajjar ,&nbsp;Suresh V. Chaudhary ,&nbsp;Nikhil M. Solanki ,&nbsp;Sanjeev K. Gupta ,&nbsp;P. N. Gajjar","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.153983","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.153983","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Identifying highly effective and eco-friendly photocatalysts for water splitting is crucial for the sustainable utilization of abundant solar energy. Despite significant advancements, this remains a major challenge. In this study, we explore TlSI and TlSeI <em>Janus</em> monolayers as potential photocatalysts for water splitting, addressing the growing demand for environmentally friendly energy solutions. Using density functional theory (DFT), we investigated the structural and electronic properties of TlXI (X = S, Se) materials. The results indicate that TlXI monolayers exhibit semiconductor behavior, positioning them as promising candidates for photocatalytic applications. Our optical absorption analysis further shows strong absorption in the visible region, suggesting their suitability for solar-driven processes. Additionally, we examined the band edge alignment, which facilitates efficient water redox reactions, further supporting their potential for use in photocatalytic water splitting. Following the examination of stability, electronic band structure, optical absorption, and band edge alignment, our study extends to investigating the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) mechanisms, both of which are critical for water splitting applications. Notably, the TlSeI monolayer exhibits a favorable overpotential of 0.80 V for the OER, which is considered excellent given the inherent complexity of this mechanism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 153983"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146187204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancement of electrochemical hydrogen storage performance of Fe–Zn co-doped NiO/graphene oxide nanocomposite at room temperature","authors":"Norah Algethami","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.154016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.154016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As the global demand for environmentally friendly energy sources increases and concerns over fossil fuel emissions intensify, the design of high-performance hydrogen storage compounds is essential for sustainable energy development. Moreover, a successful hydrogen economy requires storage systems that are highly secure and capable of reversible operation over repeated cycles. Solid-state storage materials with large surface areas, favorable porosity, and excellent stability therefore emerge as attractive candidates for hydrogen-related applications. In addition, doping is proven to be an effective strategy for enhancing the electrochemical properties of these compounds. To this end, Fe–Zn co-doped NiO microspheres are synthesized in different ratios—Fe₀Zn₁₀–NiO, Fe₁₀Zn₀–NiO and Fe₅Zn₅–NiO—using a facile hydrothermal method. Among these samples, Fe₅Zn₅–NiO shows the highest electrochemical hydrogen storage (EHS) capacity, reaching approximately 950 mAhg⁻¹, which represents a 63% improvement over pristine NiO nanoparticles. Besides, the optimized Fe₅Zn₅NiO is combined with graphene oxide using ultrasonic treatment to produce the Fe₅Zn₅–NiO/GO^8wt.% nanocomposite. This integration increases the hydrogen storage capacity to 1800 mAhg⁻¹, corresponding to a 47% enhancement relative to that of pristine Fe₅Zn₅–NiO. The improved hydrogen storage performance is attributed to efficient charge transfer between the Fe₅Zn₅–NiO nanoparticles and the graphene oxide nanosheets. These findings demonstrate a promising approach for developing high-capacity hydrogen storage materials suitable for international hydrogen-energy systems and related applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 154016"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146186899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A cloud-like multilayered interface electrocatalyst by sodium-bridged Co-polyoxometalate and 1T/2H–MoS2 for enhanced hydrogen evolution","authors":"Yinjuan Dong ,&nbsp;Qingyang Peng ,&nbsp;Xiangyu Meng ,&nbsp;Chenghua Xu ,&nbsp;Junjie Feng ,&nbsp;Li Leng ,&nbsp;Huaijin Yang ,&nbsp;Cheng Wang ,&nbsp;Zilong Wang ,&nbsp;Yi Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.154015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.154015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polyoxometalates (POMs), a class of redox-active materials with exceptional electron transfer capabilities, have attracted considerable attention in the field of electrocatalysis. This work constructed a cloud-like multilayered 1T/2H coexisted-phase CoPOM-Na-MoS₂ electrocatalyst via Na-bridged K₆(SiCo^III(H₂O)W₁₁O₃₉)·16H₂O Co-polyoxometalate (CoPOM) and molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂). The Na-intercalation mediated heterostructure formed between MoS₂ and CoPOM creates a robust interfacial framework. Meanwhile, a Na-bridging triggered structural transformation from the semiconducting 2H–MoS₂ to the metallic 1T-MoS₂. Consistent with this design rationale, the resulting of CoPOM-Na-MoS₂ electrocatalyst exhibit good catalytic efficiency of 166 mV at 10 mA cm⁻² and durability for 5000 cycles in alkaline HER, surpassing the other prepared electrocatalysts. Within the CoPOM-Na-MoS₂ composite system, the hydrophilic nature of CoPOM enables preferential binding with OH⁻ and H₂O molecules, whereas the MoS₂ component enhances H₂ intermediate adsorption and promotes efficient hydrogen evolution via improved H binding and release H₂. The Na-bridged strategy developed in this study provides a new idea for interface engineering of MoS₂ materials in the field of energy catalysis, and holds significant reference value for advancing electrolytic water-splitting technology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 154015"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146186908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CO2-to-methanol conversion through catalytic hydrogenation: Mechanistic insights and microkinetic modeling on zirconia-promoted Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst","authors":"Mohammad Sadegh Arabahmadi ,&nbsp;Reza Golhosseini ,&nbsp;Masoud Safari Yazd ,&nbsp;Saeed Sahebdelfar ,&nbsp;Fereshteh Meshkani","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.153830","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.153830","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the catalytic hydrogenation of CO₂ to methanol over Cu/ZnO/Al₂O₃ catalysts promoted with zirconia, integrating experimental characterizations, density functional theory (DFT) calculations, and microkinetic modeling. A key focus is placed on identifying the minimum energy pathway (MEP) for CO₂ conversion, which proceeds through seven distinct reaction routes leading to the formation of hydroxy-methylene (HCOH), a crucial intermediate in methanol synthesis. Among these pathways, the carboxylic route (CO₂ → COOH → C(OH)₂ → HC(OH)₂ → HCOH) emerges as the most energetically favorable, especially upon zirconia incorporation, with significantly lowered total reaction energies (ΔE). Zirconia enhances the catalyst's performance by increasing surface basicity, oxygen vacancies, and copper reducibility, thereby facilitating CO₂ activation and hydrogenation. The microkinetic model, grounded in DFT-derived mechanistic insights and incorporating the dominant MEP, accurately predicts product outlet mole fractions across various operating conditions. These findings highlight zirconia's pivotal role in optimizing catalytic pathways, improving methanol yield, and suppressing undesired byproducts, thus advancing the design of efficient catalysts for sustainable methanol production from CO₂.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 153830"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146186979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"B-doped Nb coatings on Ti bipolar plates for proton exchange membrane water electrolysis","authors":"Qian Meng ,&nbsp;Xihan Wu ,&nbsp;Lunlin Shang ,&nbsp;Fu Wang ,&nbsp;Guangan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.154004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.154004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) offers superior efficiency and environmental benefits. However, the corrosion resistance and electrical conductivity of bipolar plate materials in the highly acidic environment remain significant technological challenges. To address this, we deposited boron-doped niobium coatings onto industrial pure titanium (TA1) substrates using magnetron sputtering. The corrosion behavior and interfacial contact resistance (ICR) of these coatings were systematically evaluated in a simulated PEMWE anodic environment. Results reveal that NbB₂ oxidizes to form B–O bonds, enhancing the densification of the passive film. Crucially, the boron-doped coatings exhibit significantly superior corrosion resistance compared to pure Nb coating. Notably, the B_0.29-Nb coating prepared at a sputtering target current of 0.9 A exhibited the lowest corrosion current density and highest polarization resistance, indicating its optimal corrosion performance. Moreover, Boron doping significantly enhances the overall conductivity of the coatings by forming conductive B–Nb bonds, which effectively reduces the interfacial contact resistance. Simultaneously, it improves corrosion resistance through grain refinement and the flow-filling effect of B–O bonds that form a protective barrier.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 154004"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146186982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anthraquinone functionalized covalent organic framework with graphitic nitride for enhanced water electrolysis","authors":"Hanan A. Althikrallah ,&nbsp;Haleema Yahya Otaif","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.153870","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.153870","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of covalent organic frameworks (TpANT-COFs) is driven by their potential to overcome charge transport limitations in electrocatalysis. The synergistic interaction between donor and acceptor components within a π-conjugated framework enhances electronic conductivity and creates well-defined redox environments, which are essential for reactions such as the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Herein, we report a series of COF-g-C₃N₄ composites by integrating COF into graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) under solvothermal conditions. The pristine COF was synthesized by a Schiff base condensation between triformylphloroglucinol and 2,6-diaminoanthraquinone. Different ratio of pristine COF (10, 20 and 30% in w/w) was incorporated with graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) to develop a series of composites. Electrochemical characterization revealed that COF composites serve as outstanding OER electrocatalysts and showed improved performance upon COF ratio increase. The 30%TpANT-COF@g-C₃N₄ composite characterized by a low overpotential of 293 mV at 10 mA cm⁻² and a Tafel slope of 75 ± 3 mV dec⁻¹ which is better than the other prepared composites and pristine organic framework. This high activity originates from the material's optimal crystallinity; extensive surface area provides abundant catalytic sites and efficient pathways for mass and charge transport. The catalyst's sustained performance over 24 h in alkaline media highlights its robustness, demonstrating a viable pathway for designing efficient, stable electrocatalysts through rational COF engineering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 153870"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146186994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic optimization effect of the coupling of multi-fuel supply strategies on the combustion and emission characteristics of oxyhydrogen / bioethanol / gasoline combined supply engine","authors":"Ping Sun ,&nbsp;Zhiqi Tian ,&nbsp;Zhe Zhao ,&nbsp;Xiumin Yu ,&nbsp;Zhongshu Wang ,&nbsp;Fangxi Xie ,&nbsp;Yu Liu ,&nbsp;Xiaoping Li ,&nbsp;Beiping Jiang ,&nbsp;Yi Lin ,&nbsp;Hengfu Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.154007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2026.154007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oxyhydrogen, a hydrogen-based fuel, is commonly used to enhance the performance of ethanol–gasoline engines. We experimentally investigated the combustion characteristics and emissions of a multi-fuel combined supply system using oxyhydrogen negative pressure induction, bioethanol direct injection (BEDI), and gasoline port fuel injection. At 1500 rpm and excess air ratio 1, integrated oxyhydrogen technology improves combustion efficiency and significantly reduces CO and HC emissions; however, NOx emissions increase. With increasing BEDI pressure, the indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) and maximum in-cylinder pressure increase initially and then decrease. CO and HC emissions show a similar trend, decreasing initially and then increasing, while NO is reduced by an average of 14.09%. Advancing BEDI timing benefits the cyclic coefficient of variation of IMEP. When the BEDI timing is within 250–300°CA BTDC, HC, CO, and particulate emissions reach their lowest levels, with particulates decreasing by up to 70.11%.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 154007"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146187211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}