International Journal of Hydrogen Energy最新文献

{"title":"Ion liquid treatment for high-performance NiSe/CNT water electrolysis catalyst","authors":"Jueshuo Fan ,&nbsp;Lisha Shen ,&nbsp;Chenglin Zhao ,&nbsp;Zhida Wang ,&nbsp;Zhiming Tu ,&nbsp;Jiaxuan Hu ,&nbsp;Changfeng Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.142","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.142","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nickel selenide (NiSe) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) heterojunction structure water electrolysis catalyst was prepared by vapor deposition method, constructing a heterogeneous phase interface between NiSe and CNTs. The interface effect between NiSe and CNTs enhanced further π-electron delocalization of CNTs, increasing the local electron density at the Ni sites. Subsequent ionic liquids (ILs) treatment further resolved the aggregation issues of NiSe nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes, and facilitated further π-electron delocalization at the heterojunction. The imidazolium cations acted as “connectors,” tightly linking the CNTs and NiSe nanoparticles. The NiSe/CNT-IL exhibited an HER overpotential of 82 mV at 10 mA cm⁻² in 1 M KOH. Additionally, as a full water electrolysis catalyst in a water electrolyzer, it achieved a single-cell voltage of 1.965 V at a maximum current density of 500 mA cm⁻² at 60 °C. This direct IL functionalization for CNTs facilitates the electron transfer process and ILs can serve as the electron acceptor with superior hydrogen adsorption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"94 ","pages":"Pages 774-781"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142657251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental and model refinement of water content and membrane conductivity in reinforced composite proton exchange membranes","authors":"Jiaming Lou ,&nbsp;Yirui Lu ,&nbsp;Daijun Yang ,&nbsp;Xiangmin Pan ,&nbsp;Bing Li ,&nbsp;Pingwen Ming","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.056","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.056","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ionic conductivity of proton exchange membranes (PEMs) directly determines the ohmic resistance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), which is largely dependent on the membrane's hydration level. The structural differences between reinforced composite membranes (RCMs) and homogeneous membranes lead to distinct relationships between their hydration levels and ionic conductivity. In this study, Gore788.12 and Nafion®117 were selected as representatives of RCMs and homogeneous membranes, respectively. Experiments were designed to achieve operational conditions using a temperature and humidity chamber, wherein the PEM was weighed at equilibrium to calculate water uptake and water content, while EIS was employed to measure the membrane's ionic resistance and subsequently determine its conductivity, and HFR was utilized to compare the ohmic impedance of MEAs composed of two kinds of membrane under varying temperature and humidity conditions. In this study, the impacts of water activity on water uptake, water content, and ionic conductivity of the reinforced membrane are quantitatively analyzed. The results show that RCMs exhibit lower water content and ionic conductivity compared to homogeneous membranes, particularly at high water activity. The RCMs demonstrate lower ionic resistance and reduce dependence on water activity, resulting in lower ohmic resistance in MEAs using reinforced membranes. An empirical equation for ionic conductivity as a function of water activity is derived from experimental data. The semi-empirical equation between water content and water activity is modified based on the theoretical study of membrane water absorption mode under different water activity. This study can provide valuable insights for optimizing steady-state PEMFC simulation models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"94 ","pages":"Pages 756-764"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142657010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construction of CeO2/Co(OH)2/FeS@NF nanosheet arrays for high-performance electrocatalytic oxygen evolution/urea oxidation, and overall water/urea splitting reactions","authors":"Fei Duan,&nbsp;Yunqin Hu,&nbsp;Junfeng Lin,&nbsp;Mingyue Li,&nbsp;Hao Wu,&nbsp;Zhiqing Cui,&nbsp;Caihong Fang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.141","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.141","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To develop non-noble electrocatalysts with high activity and stability for oxygen evolution reaction (OER)/urea oxidation reaction (UOR) is crucial to boost the efficiency of overall water/urea splitting reaction (OWS/OUS) for H₂ production. Herein, we synthesized novel CeO₂/Co(OH)₂/FeS nanosheet arrays on nickel foam (CeO₂/Co(OH)₂/FeS@NF) through a simple two-step hydrothermal and following solvothermal routine. In this special structure, the ultra-thin 2D nanosheet morphology can adequately offer large contact area and thus abundant of active sites, facilitating significantly the mass transfer. Furthermore, the incorporation of FeS into CeO₂/Co(OH)₂ will not only modify the electron structure but also provide a number of phase interfaces, which can improve the inherent electron conductivity and promote the electron transport. More importantly, the rich oxygen vacancies (O_v) sites can vary the coordination of metal centers, modulating both the charge distribution and M−O bonding strength. As results, the CeO₂/Co(OH)₂/FeS@NF shows superior low overpotentials of 178 mV/1.30 V at 10 mA cm⁻² to OER/UOR. The activity keeps its low value of 232 mV/1.375 V even when the current density was increased to as high as 300 mA cm⁻². More importantly, the electrode of CeO₂/Co(OH)₂/FeS@NF//CeO₂/Co(OH)₂/FeS@NF just requires a low cell voltage of 1.41 V to realize OUS at a current density of 10 mA cm⁻². Specifically, we also realized solar-driven H₂ production. Plenty of H₂ bubbles were continuously generated with a high speed of 600 L h⁻¹ m⁻² on the working electrode surface once the solar panel was placed under the natural sunlight.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"94 ","pages":"Pages 706-715"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142657250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic power allocation for the new energy hybrid hydrogen production system based on WOA-VMD: Improving fluctuation balance and optimizing control strategy","authors":"Yongxin Lu ,&nbsp;Guotian Yang ,&nbsp;Xinli Li ,&nbsp;Jianguo Liu ,&nbsp;Tianye Yang ,&nbsp;Jiarui Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.10.426","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.10.426","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The new energy hydrogen production system is subject to intermittent fluctuations, which compromise efficiency and equipment lifespan. This study proposes a new dynamic power allocation and control strategy for hybrid hydrogen production systems. By using the Whale Algorithm Optimized Variable Modal Decomposition (WOA-VMD), the fluctuating power of new energy is quantitatively decomposed and reconstructed. Based on a multi-objective optimization function, low-frequency variation components and high-frequency fluctuation components are accurately allocated between alkaline electrolyzers (ALK) and proton exchange membrane electrolyzers (PEM). The strategy effectively improves the source-load balancing capability, reducing the low-frequency fluctuation rate by 60% and reducing the high-frequency power amplitude by 70%, significantly reducing the operational demands on ALK electrolyzers, the capacity requirements of PEM electrolyzers, and the need for energy storage configuration, while also increasing hydrogen production efficiency by 7%. Compared to existing methods, the strategy has a transparent analysis process, strong interpretability, and good data reusability, making it valuable for engineering applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"94 ","pages":"Pages 580-599"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142657130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Studying injection-extraction induced thermal stress on hydrogen storage cavern in bedded salt rocks","authors":"Wei Liu ,&nbsp;Yunkui Dong ,&nbsp;Liangliang Jiang ,&nbsp;Yuanlong Wei ,&nbsp;Jifang Wan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.071","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.071","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the peak-shaving process of underground salt cavern hydrogen storage, the surrounding rock experiences periodic stress and temperature variations over decades, leading to the induction of thermal stress that may compromise the safe operation of the storage during hydrogen injection and extraction. This study utilizes existing research on thermal stress associated with gas injection and extraction in salt caverns to establish boundary conditions for numerical simulations based on analytical solutions of gas temperature and pressure over time. It investigates the impact of injection-extraction cycles and rates on cavern stability, employing the tensile failure criterion as an evaluation metric. The findings reveal: 1. Tensile failure in the surrounding rock predominantly occurs during hydrogen extraction, with higher extraction rates and more frequent cycles exacerbating this failure. 2. During hydrogen extraction, tensile stress in the surrounding rock increases, causing failure near the interlayers of the cavern wall. Although tensile failure does not occur during hydrogen injection, stress concentration appears at the interface between rock salt and interlayers. 3. To mitigate tensile failure, it is recommended to increase the minimum internal pressure of hydrogen storage from 0.3 to 0.4 times the vertical stress at the cavern roof when designing for the maximum hydrogen extraction rate based on the minimum operating internal pressure of the cavern. By identifying critical factors influencing tensile failure, this study offers valuable insights for optimizing operational parameters of underground hydrogen storage, ensuring long-term stability and reliability in response to evolving energy storage demands.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"94 ","pages":"Pages 626-638"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142657345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental investigation of La0.6Sr0.4FeO3 -δ pellets as oxygen carriers for chemical-looping applications","authors":"Adam Zaidi ,&nbsp;Christopher de Leeuwe ,&nbsp;Yongliang Yan ,&nbsp;Matteo Fella ,&nbsp;Wenting Hu ,&nbsp;Ian S. Metcalfe ,&nbsp;Vincenzo Spallina","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.10.404","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.10.404","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lanthanum Strontium Ferrite (LSF), as an oxygen carrier, is used for chemical looping H₂ production and CO₂ utilization. In this work, the first attempt to upscale and understand the heat and mass transfer using 400 g of LSF pellets in a dynamically operated packed bed reactor is carried out.</div><div>Experiments were conducted at 650–820 °C and 1–5 bar_g, evaluating the pellets' reactor heat management, phase stability, and mechanical integrity over 70 h for the high-temperature redox cycling in chemical looping water-gas shift (CL-WGS) and chemical looping reverse water-gas shift (CL-RWGS) reactions.</div><div>Key results at the reactor scale indicate a maximum cyclic average H₂O-to-H₂ conversion of 31%, with a peak oxygen carrier capacity for CL-WGS of 0.38 mmol/g_LSF. In the case of CL-RWGS, a peak CO₂-to-CO conversion of 99.8% was achieved, with an oxygen carrier capacity of 0.57 mmol/g_LSF.</div><div>Reactor heat management for exothermic and endothermic redox reactions showed the ability to maintain a high temperature profile where the heat front lagged the reaction front over a 15 cm reactive bed length. A maximum ΔT of 45 °C and 35 °C were observed during the oxidation of the LSF bed with H₂O and CO₂, respectively. In the case of air oxidation, a maximum ΔT of 120 °C indicates that the reaction is more exothermic and can be used to raise the temperature of the bed especially if heat is required to sustain the process.</div><div>No evidence of material performance degradation was recorded over 70 h of testing, maintaining the pellets' operational cyclability, phase stability, and mechanical integrity. The results demonstrate the robustness of the material, and they are encouraging versus the scalability of LSF for chemical looping applications, into H₂ production and CO₂ utilization processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"94 ","pages":"Pages 535-544"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142657259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrogen storage in TiVCr(Fe,Co)(Zr,Ta) multi-phase high-entropy alloys","authors":"Farzaneh Zareipour ,&nbsp;Hamed Shahmir ,&nbsp;Yi Huang ,&nbsp;Abhishek Kumar Patel ,&nbsp;Erika Michela Dematteis ,&nbsp;Marcello Baricco","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.109","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.109","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-entropy alloys (HEAs) have a great potential in hydrogen storage applications. Developing an alloy showing remarkable hydrogen sorption capacity, close to ambient temperature without activating is a significant challenge for solid-state hydrogen storage. The present investigation was conducted to develop HEAs to satisfy these requirements. Accordingly, four novel equiatomic TiVCrFeTa, TiVCrFeZr, TiVCrCoTa and TiVCrCoZr HEAs were designed, fabricated and characterized to address their capability for the hydrogen storage application. Alloy design was accomplished based on empirical relations and thermodynamic calculations in order to obtain a microstructure containing both BCC and Laves phases using elements with different affinity to hydrogen. The thermodynamic calculations through CALPHAD predicted the presence of BCC/B2 phase together with C14 and C15 Laves phases in all designed alloys which was in good agreement with experimental analyses. Studies on hydrogen storage properties revealed that all alloys, except for TiVCrFeZr, are able to absorb hydrogen at 294 K and 30 bar without any activation process at a short incubation time. The results revealed that after activation, TiVCrFeZr and TiVCrCoZr alloys containing high volume fraction of Laves phase (∼40%) displayed the highest absorption capacity, with 2.3 and 1.6 wt% of hydrogen, respectively, at 294 K and 30 bar. In addition, the PCT curves proposed formation of solid solution of hydrides in TiVCrFeTa and TiVCrCoTa alloys at room temperature, however, TiVCrFeZr and TiVCrCoZr alloys provide a plateau region illustrating typical transition during hydrogen absorption. This study is a step forward to understanding necessities for developing advanced materials for the hydrogen storage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"94 ","pages":"Pages 639-649"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142657264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Greatly boosted H2O2 activity in two-electron water oxidation reaction on Zn-based catalysts by doping engineering","authors":"Yaqian Zhang ,&nbsp;Wenqian Xie ,&nbsp;Yidan Yin ,&nbsp;Weiyi Zhang ,&nbsp;Haihong Bao ,&nbsp;Qinglan Hao ,&nbsp;Jie Chang ,&nbsp;Botao Teng","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.167","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.167","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electrocatalytic production of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) by two electron water oxidation reaction (2e-WOR) is an environmental process with low cost and devoid of H₂O₂ storage and transportation. ZnO is one of the important promising 2e-WOR catalysts with relatively high activity and selectivity of H₂O₂. However, the active sites and the effects of oxygen defects of ZnO remain unknown, which hampers the further improvement in H₂O₂ formation. To explore the active sites and develop Zn-based catalysts with high performance, Ni, Cu and Co ions are chosen to form M_0.1Zn_0.9O (M = Ni, Cu and Co) catalysts. Combining the experimental results with density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the active site of 2e-WOR on Zn-based catalysts is first discovered to be the 3-coordinated surface Zn without surface oxygen defects since oxygen defects result in a strong interaction of <strong>·</strong>OH with catalyst and then impede the 2e-WOR process. Catalysts with high activity and selectivity for 2e-WOR should have small nano-particle sizes without oxygen defects. Co_0.1Zn_0.9O is obtained with high activity (35.3 mmol min⁻¹<strong>·</strong>g_cat⁻¹) and selectivity (82%) of H₂O₂ at 3.2 V vs RHE. This work provides valuable perspectives for designing and developing high-performing catalysts in 2e-WOR reaction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"94 ","pages":"Pages 600-607"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142657108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling the innovation-decision process for hydrogen homes: An integrated model of consumer acceptance and adoption intention","authors":"Joel A. Gordon ,&nbsp;Nazmiye Balta-Ozkan ,&nbsp;Anwar Ul Haq ,&nbsp;Seyed Ali Nabavi","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.061","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.061","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As the global energy transition progresses, a range of drivers and barriers will continue to shape consumer attitudes and behavioural intentions towards emerging low-carbon technologies. The innovation-decision process for technologies composing the residential sector such as hydrogen-fuelled heating and cooking appliances is inherently governed by the complex interplay between perceptual, cognitive, and emotional factors. In response, this study responds to the call for an integrated research perspective to advance theoretical and empirical insights on consumer engagement in the domestic hydrogen transition. Drawing on online survey data collected in the United Kingdom, where a policy decision on ‘hydrogen homes’ is set for 2026, this study systematically explores whether an integrated modelling approach supports higher levels of explanatory and predictive power. Leveraging the foundations of the unified theory of domestic hydrogen acceptance, the analysis suggests that production perceptions, public trust, perceived relative advantage, safety perceptions, knowledge and awareness, and positive emotions will shape consumer support for hydrogen homes. Conversely, perceived disruptive impacts, perceived socio-economic costs, financial perceptions, and negative emotions may impede the domestic hydrogen transition. Consumer acceptance stands to significantly shape deployment prospects for hydrogen boilers and hobs, which are perceived to be somewhat advantageous to natural gas appliances from a technological and safety perspective. The study attests to the predictive benefits of adopting an integrated theoretical perspective when modelling the early stages of the innovation-decision process, while acknowledging opportunities for leveraging innovative research approaches in the future. As national hydrogen economies gain traction, adopting a neuroscience-based approach may help deepen scientific understanding regarding the neural, psychological, and emotional signatures shaping consumer perspectives towards hydrogen homes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"94 ","pages":"Pages 554-579"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142657027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"2D mesh PPy facilitates Ni-based MOF electron modulation and transfer for enhancing electrocatalytic total water dissociation","authors":"De Hu ,&nbsp;FangZhou Wu ,&nbsp;Xiyu Chen ,&nbsp;Feng Yu ,&nbsp;Zijun Wang ,&nbsp;Wei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reducing the overpotentials of HER and OER is an effective approach for decreasing the cost of hydrogen production. Electrolytic water catalysts with enhanced performance has been a significant research focus for utilizing hydrogen energy. In this work, the synergistic effect of organic polymer materials and inorganic materials was utilized to prepare a reticulated catalyst (NiZn/PPy) with a fibrous PPy substrate modified with bimetallic MOF spheres, which exhibits good HER and OER properties. Its special fiber mesh structure reduces catalyst agglomeration, which exposes more active sites for improving the stability of the catalyst over extended periods of time. Furthermore, the incorporation of PPy results in an increase in pyrrole-N, pyridine-N, and graphite-N structures, leading to a greater number of reactive active sites. The construction of bimetallic MOFs modulates the valence state of the active site, thereby accelerating electron transfer during the reaction. The synergistic interaction among the components resulted in an HER overpotential of only 76 mV at 10 mA cm⁻² and an OER overpotential of only 373 mV at 100 mA cm⁻² in a 1 M KOH solution, achieving a total dissolved water overpotential of 1.605 V.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"94 ","pages":"Pages 525-534"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142657368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}