{"title":"Technical failures in green hydrogen production and reliability engineering responses: Insights from database analysis and a literature review","authors":"Farhana Yasmine Tuhi , Marta Bucelli , Yiliu Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.129","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.129","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Green hydrogen represents a promising solution for renewable energy application and carbon footprint reduction. However, its production through renewable energy powered water electrolysis is hindered by significant cost, arising from repair, maintenance, and economic losses due to unexpected downtimes. Although reliability engineering is highly effective in addressing such issues, there is limited research on its application in the hydrogen field. To present the state-of-the-art research, this study aims to explore the potential of reducing these events through reliability engineering, a widely adopted approach in various industries. For this purpose, it examines past accidents occurred in water electrolysis plants from the hydrogen incident and accident database (HIAD 2.1). Besides, a literature review is performed to analyze the state-of-the-art application of reliability engineering techniques, such as failure analysis, reliability assessment, and reliability-centered maintenance, in the hydrogen sector and similar industries. The study highlights the contributions and potentials of reliability engineering for efficient and stable green hydrogen production, while also discussing the gaps in applying this approach. The unique challenges posed by hydrogen's physical properties and innovative technologies in water electrolysis plants necessitate advancement and specialized approaches for reliability engineering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"94 ","pages":"Pages 608-625"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142657163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shujuan Liu , Ruize Gu , Xiaomeng Diao , Dandan Liang , Weihua He
{"title":"Electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution and in-situ observation of hydrogen microbubbles evolution on stainless steel meshes with various mesh numbers","authors":"Shujuan Liu , Ruize Gu , Xiaomeng Diao , Dandan Liang , Weihua He","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.080","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.080","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stainless steel mesh (SSM) is a cost-effective, readily available catalyst and conductive substrate for large-scale hydrogen production in microbial electrolysis cells (MEC). This study reveals that variations in wire diameter and aperture size of SSM affect both the electroactive area for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the formation and diffusion of hydrogen micro-nano bubbles, impacting MEC performance. <em>In-situ</em> hydrogen microbubble observation shows that 60-mesh SSM provides optimal hydrogen evolution due to its large electrochemical active area and many nucleation sites, minimizing the “bubble shielding effect”. The SSM-60 MEC achieves the highest hydrogen recovery (75 ± 5.1%) and energy recovery efficiency (85 ± 6.2%). This study combines electroactivity testing with microscopic <em>in-situ</em> reaction observation to provide a novel strategy for understanding efficient hydrogen evolution catalysts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"94 ","pages":"Pages 545-553"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142657340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of oxygen enrichment and NH3 pre-cracking on laminar burning velocity and intrinsic instability of NH3/bio-syngas","authors":"Lijuan Wen, Qifeng Zhu, Jingwei Zeng, Haoxin Deng, Guoyan Chen, Xiaoping Wen, Fahui Wang, Qizheng Hao","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.121","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.121","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper investigates the laminar burning velocity (<em>S</em><sub><em>L</em></sub>) and instability of NH<sub>3</sub>/bio-syngas under different bio-syngas contents, oxygen enrichment factors (<em>Ω</em>), and the cracking ratio of NH<sub>3</sub> (<em>ζ</em>) using a constant-volume combustion bomb. The results show that increasing bio-syngas, <em>Ω</em>, and <em>ζ</em> effectively enhance the <em>S</em><sub><em>L</em></sub> of the fuel. Around <em>ζ</em> = 60%, the relationship between <em>S</em><sub><em>L</em></sub> and the NH<sub>3</sub> content before cracking is reversed. Increasing the bio-syngas and <em>ζ</em> enhance <em>S</em><sub><em>L</em></sub> through the chemical effect, while <em>Ω</em> primarily enhances <em>S</em><sub><em>L</em></sub> through the thermal effect. When <em>Ω</em> = 50%, the contribution of thermal effect can reach up to 94.53%. Linear stability analysis indicates that increasing the bio-syngas content and <em>ζ</em> reduces the critical Peclet number (<em>Pe</em><sub><em>c</em></sub>), while <em>Ω</em> increases <em>Pe</em><sub><em>c</em></sub>. As the bio-syngas content and <em>ζ</em> increase, the growth rate of perturbation (<em>∑</em>) monotonically increases, indicating instability. <em>Ω</em>, on the other hand, decreases <em>∑</em>, making it negative.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"94 ","pages":"Pages 485-496"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142657138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nana Wang , Sunpeng Shan , Lijun Huang, Xiao Zhang, Zhiwei Shu, Qiang Zhang, Yanchao Xu, Jianrong Chen, Yang Jiao
{"title":"Application and performance Enhancement of acetic acid-Regulated ligand defect engineering in NiMOF electrocatalysts","authors":"Nana Wang , Sunpeng Shan , Lijun Huang, Xiao Zhang, Zhiwei Shu, Qiang Zhang, Yanchao Xu, Jianrong Chen, Yang Jiao","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.10.366","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.10.366","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Introducing organic ligands into metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) is an effective method for preparing defective MOFs. This approach enables the fabrication of cost-effective, efficient, highly conductive, and richly active-site electrocatalysts. Herein, the defective NiMOF is synthesized <em>via</em> a straightforward one-pot solvothermal method by partially substituting phthalic acid (PTA) ligands with acetic acid (HOAc), which effectively regulates the micro-morphology and electronic structure of the NiMOF nanoflowers, thus creating abundant electrochemical active sites, significantly improving electronic conductivity and promoting rapid charge transfer. The resulting DE-NiMOF-0.5 nanoflowers, prepared with HOAc substitution, demonstrate excellent electrochemical performance at a current density of 10 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>, the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) overpotential is 188 mV (Tafel slope of 175 mV dec<sup>−1</sup>), while the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) overpotential is 205 mV (Tafel slope of 37 mV dec<sup>−1</sup>). The introduction of acetic acid ligands in DE-NiMOF-0.5 not only constructs the ligand defects within the catalyst, but also increases the abundant active sites, enhancing the hydrophilicity of the catalyst and facilitating electronic transfer between the catalyst surface and the electrolyte. This study explores a strategy for preparing defective MOF catalysts through introducing modulators, providing an economically viable material pathway for electrocatalysis and opening new possibilities for designing and synthesizing efficient electrocatalysts in future research endeavors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"94 ","pages":"Pages 456-463"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142657258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhicong Li , Shijia Liu , Chun Lou , Nimeti Kalaycı , Zhongnong Zhang , Kai Zhao , Songzhen Tang
{"title":"Soot formation in laminar ammonia-ethylene counterflow diffusion flames: Isolation of chemical, thermal, and dilution effects","authors":"Zhicong Li , Shijia Liu , Chun Lou , Nimeti Kalaycı , Zhongnong Zhang , Kai Zhao , Songzhen Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.137","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.137","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This numerical study investigates the effect of ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>) addition on soot formation in laminar ethylene counterflow diffusion flames (CDFs). A chemically inert species is used to isolate the chemical effect, while the thermal and dilution effects are isolated using the formation rate fitting method. The KM2-NH<sub>3</sub> mechanism is constructed, demonstrating good applicability for modeling NH<sub>3</sub>–C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub> CDFs. As the NH<sub>3</sub> addition ratio (<em>X</em><sub>NH3</sub>) increases, the peak temperature, benzene (A1) mole fraction, and soot volume fraction (SVF) decrease. The chemical effect of NH<sub>3</sub> addition promotes temperature though R1: H + O<sub>2</sub><img>O + OH and R1927: NH<sub>2</sub> + NH<img>N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub> + H. It also promotes A1 formation by boosting R298: 2C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>3</sub> → A1, etc., and converts C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>6</sub>-13 to produce C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>3</sub>. However, it suppresses soot formation through surface growth SR42: open (se) + C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub> → H (se) + 2C(B) + H. The dilution effect on suppressing A1 formation is stronger than the thermal effect. The thermal effect dominates the suppression of soot formation, and the chemical effect is stronger than the dilution effect at low <em>X</em><sub>NH3</sub>, while the opposite is true at high <em>X</em><sub>NH3</sub>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"94 ","pages":"Pages 444-455"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142657215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Maximizing methane and hydrogen delivery capacity by carbon and boron nitride nanoscrolls","authors":"Xuan Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.138","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.138","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The CH<sub>4</sub> and H<sub>2</sub> delivery capacity of carbon and boron nitride (BN) nanoscrolls was investigated, with a focus on optimizing the interlayer and van der Waals spacings to meet the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) targets. Through computational simulations, the effects of interlayer spacing on CH<sub>4</sub> and H<sub>2</sub> adsorption were evaluated, revealing that while delivery quantities increase with interlayer spacing, achieving DOE targets remains a challenge for CH<sub>4</sub>. Notably, BN nanoscrolls exhibited higher adsorption capacities compared to carbon nanoscrolls, especially under low-pressure conditions. Conversely, carbon nanoscrolls displayed greater release quantities than BN nanoscrolls. For H<sub>2</sub>, delivery quantities met DOE targets at larger interlayer spacings, with carbon nanoscrolls requiring a spacing greater than 0.9 nm and BN nanoscrolls greater than 1.1 nm. For CH<sub>4</sub> delivery, temperature optimization showed significant peaks in delivery for carbon nanoscrolls at 248 K. In contrast, BN nanoscrolls did not exhibit a peak in delivery. In carbon nanoscrolls, the optimal weight and volumetric capacities for methane delivery are 0.275 g/g and 182 cm<sup>3</sup>/cm<sup>3</sup>, respectively. Meanwhile, for hydrogen, the maximum delivery achieved is 8.26 wt% and 0.044 kg/L, which surpasses the DOE's storage target of 5.5 wt% and 0.04 kg/L. The study also highlighted the importance of structural parameter optimization, with a significant increase in weight delivery (>500%) and in volume delivery (>120%) for both gases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"94 ","pages":"Pages 497-509"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142657339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xuanrui Zhang , Xiangyu Meng , Wenchao Zhu , Wuqiang Long , Mingshu Bi
{"title":"Experimental and simulated study of ammonia blending with DME steam reformed and cracked gases under lean-burn condition","authors":"Xuanrui Zhang , Xiangyu Meng , Wenchao Zhu , Wuqiang Long , Mingshu Bi","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.10.177","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.10.177","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dimethyl ether (DME) steam reforming (SR) and cracking (CR) can not only achieve on-line production of hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>) and methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) but also increase fuel energy. The ammonia blending with DME-SR or DME-CR gases is an effective method to enhance the reactivity of ammonia combustion. This paper aims to compare the effects of DME-SR and DME-CR on combustion and emissions under lean-burn condition. In the constant volume combustion chamber (CVCC) experiments, the in-chamber pressure and flame propagation process were measured for NH<sub>3</sub>/H<sub>2</sub> and NH<sub>3</sub>/CH<sub>4</sub> blends, and NO emissions were visualized by chemiluminescence. A three-dimensional (3D) model was established with validation by the experimental data. Based on this model, the effects of DME-SR and DME-CR on combustion process and NO<sub>x</sub> emissions were studied. The results showed that both DME-SR and DME-CR can enhance the ammonia combustion process under lean-burn condition. The case with DME energy ratio 70% and the equivalence ratio of 0.4 for SR (X70ER0.4-SR), and X30ER0.5-SR can achieve faster combustion rates than pure ammonia at ER of 1.0 (X0ER0.9) due to the main reforming product of H<sub>2</sub>. The ammonia blended with fuels from DME-SR and CR can help to improve the NO emission under lean-burn condition, being lower than X0ER0.9. These findings highlight the advantages of using DME-SR and DME-CR for improving the ammonia combustion. Considering the fuel energy increment, DME-CR could be potential to obtain better fuel economy and emission improvement in real engine application.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"94 ","pages":"Pages 464-473"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142657137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jiaming Zhou , Xing Shu , Jinming Zhang , Fengyan Yi , Chunchun Jia , Caizhi Zhang , Xianghao Kong , Junling Zhang , Guangping Wu
{"title":"A deep learning method based on CNN-BiGRU and attention mechanism for proton exchange membrane fuel cell performance degradation prediction","authors":"Jiaming Zhou , Xing Shu , Jinming Zhang , Fengyan Yi , Chunchun Jia , Caizhi Zhang , Xianghao Kong , Junling Zhang , Guangping Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.127","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.127","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) will gradually deteriorate during long-term operation. Accurate performance degradation prediction is crucial for extending the lifespan and improve the durability of fuel cells. This paper proposes a deep learning method (CNN-BiGRU-AM) that incorporates convolutional neural network (CNN), bidirectional gated recurrent unit (BiGRU) and attention mechanism (AM) for fuel cell degradation prediction. In the proposed method, CNN extracts complex features from the input data through convolutional operations, BiGRU models temporal information by considering both forward and reverse directions of the input sequence, and attention mechanism highlights key information in the input data through weight allocation. The proposed method is validated using long-term experimental data from fuel cells under steady-state and quasi-dynamic conditions. The results indicate that the absolute error of the proposed method is less than 1.2 mV for 97.94% of the data samples under steady-state conditions and less than 1.2 mV for 94.82% of the data samples under quasi-dynamic conditions. The prediction accuracy and stability of the proposed method are significantly improved compared to other deep learning prediction methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"94 ","pages":"Pages 394-405"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142657198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Haowei Qiu , Rui Zhou , Xing Li , Jun Li , Hongyu Huang
{"title":"Numerical study of the spontaneous ignition mechanisms of pressurized hydrogen released inside pipes with different structures","authors":"Haowei Qiu , Rui Zhou , Xing Li , Jun Li , Hongyu Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.117","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.117","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrogen is considered a key clean energy carrier to achieve the global goal of carbon neutrality. But spontaneous ignition can occur when pressurized hydrogen is released into pipes, and the presence of different pipe structures will significantly affect the ignition mechanism. In this work, the effects of varied pipe structures on the shock wave propagation and spontaneous ignition characteristics are investigated by numerical simulation with the DNS-like approach, EDC combustion model, and 21-step detailed hydrogen combustion mechanism. Results show that the simulation is in well agreement with the experimental data. Five dominant spontaneous ignition mechanisms are provided depending on different pipe structures. Among all types of pipe structures investigated, contraction structures can lead to a greater increase in shock wave pressure due to more severe shock wave reflection and convergence. While enlargement structures can contribute to more mixing of hydrogen and air, causing more sufficient combustion. This study provides a comprehensive understanding and clear safety guidance to inform the practical application of hydrogen energy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"94 ","pages":"Pages 420-432"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142657214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of support morphology on the ammonia synthesis activity of Ru/CeO2-based catalysts","authors":"Kiyoshi Yamazaki , Yoshihiro Goto , Masashi Kikugawa , Akinori Sato , Yuichi Manaka , Tetsuya Nanba , Hideyuki Matsumoto , Shinichi Ookawara","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.053","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.053","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We investigate the effect of the support morphology on ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>) synthesis activity of Ru/CeO<sub>2</sub>-based catalysts using supports derived from various CeO<sub>2</sub> materials under different treatment temperatures with different SiO<sub>2</sub>/ZrO<sub>2</sub> additions. These supports are classified by peak pore size into three pore structure types: small (3–4 nm), medium (7–20 nm), and large (50–70 nm). The medium-type supports show the highest specific surface area (SSA), which increases with SiO<sub>2</sub>/ZrO<sub>2</sub> addition. The Ru dispersion on each support, regardless of its type and composition, is determined from its SSA. The NH<sub>3</sub>-synthesis activity of catalysts at 0.1 MPa and a space velocity (SV) of 36000 h<sup>−1</sup> exhibits a volcanic trend with respect to the Ru dispersion. This is explained by the fraction of active B<sub>5</sub>-type sites generated. At SVs >72000 h<sup>−1</sup>, the activity of catalysts with peak pore size <8 nm is less than the above volcanic trend, possibly owing to increased diffusion resistance in the pore.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"94 ","pages":"Pages 406-419"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142657012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}