International Journal of Hydrogen Energy最新文献

{"title":"Multifunctional role of bismuth: From catalytic etching of carbon felt to catalyzing VO2+/VO2+ and V3+/V2+ redox reactions for high-performance all-vanadium redox flow battery","authors":"Anas Mehmood ,&nbsp;Sheeraz Mehboob ,&nbsp;Ivan Khalakhan ,&nbsp;Katerina Veltruska ,&nbsp;Azra Yaqub","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.151665","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.151665","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To enhance performance of all-vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs) at higher current densities, this study aimed at synthesizing multifunctional electrode material to address poor electrochemical kinetics of VO²⁺/VO₂⁺ and V³⁺/V²⁺ redox reactions. In this context, carbon felt was solvothermally decorated with bismuth nanoparticles followed by thermal treatment in the air atmosphere. This unveiled role of bismuth in the catalytic etching of carbon fibers where the most favorable results were obtained at 400 °C and 1.5 h (Bi400-CF). Cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy elucidated better redox kinetics of Bi400-CF for both positive and negative vanadium redox couples. In VRFB single cell performance, the Bi400-CF VRFB outperformed pristine CF by achieving 249, 34.7, and 34.9 % higher discharge capacity, energy efficiency, and voltage efficiency, respectively and a remarkable 3.5-fold increase in electrolyte utilization, at a current density of 150 mA cm⁻². Moreover, Bi400-CF exhibited commendable capacity retention of 86 % over 100 cycles. Therefore, the catalytic and surface etching effects of Bi₂O₃ on carbon felt demonstrate notable improvements in battery performance, suggesting strong potential for future practical implementation in VRFB systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 151665"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145218460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tailoring MoS2 nanosheets dispersion on carbon xerogel with carbon quantum dots for efficient hydrogen evolution reaction","authors":"Abdalla Abdelwahab ,&nbsp;Jamal R. Humaidi ,&nbsp;Fahad Abdulaziz ,&nbsp;Abdulaziz Alanazi ,&nbsp;Khalaf M. Alenezi","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.151750","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.151750","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Achieving uniform dispersion of 2D molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂) nanosheets remains a significant challenge due to their strong van der Waals interactions and tendency to aggregate, which limits catalytic efficiency for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). In this work, a multidimensional electrocatalyst was developed by combining 3D carbon xerogel (CX), 2D MoS₂ nanosheets, and 0D carbon quantum dots (CQDs). CX was first functionalized with MoS₂ via hydrothermal treatment to form a MoS₂/CX composite. Subsequently, CQDs, derived from g-C₃N₄, were introduced during the MoS₂ growth process to fabricate a CQDs/MoS₂/CX hybrid. The addition of CQDs significantly improved the dispersion of MoS₂ on the CX surface. The resulting 0D/2D/3D hybrid structure was employed as electrocatalyst for HER in 1 M KOH. The CQDs/MoS₂/CX composite achieved a low overpotential of 180 mV at 10 mA cm⁻², a Tafel slope of 103 mV dec⁻¹, and retained 96 % of its activity after prolonged operation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 151750"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145218200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent advances, synthetic and adaptive approaches of graphitic carbon nitride based nanocomposites towards sustainable applications: A review","authors":"Nosheen Farooq ,&nbsp;Nawal Qureshi ,&nbsp;Shahid Hussain ,&nbsp;Ashfaq Mahmood Qureshi ,&nbsp;Zainab Sattar ,&nbsp;Rajesh Kumar Manavalan ,&nbsp;Nabi Ullah ,&nbsp;Muhammad Kashif Aslam","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.151763","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.151763","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) has emerged as a next-generation photocatalyst, attracting remarkable attention for energy and environmental applications owing to its unique structural and electronic properties. As the demand for efficient and cost-effective solar energy conversion materials grows, g-C₃N₄ stands out due to its tunable band gap (∼2.7 eV), excellent photochemical stability, and fascinating electronic band structure. Structurally, g-C₃N₄ is a layered, polymeric semiconductor composed of carbon and nitrogen atoms arranged in a tris-triazine framework, offering abundant opportunities for chemical modification and functionalization. Compared to graphene, g-C₃N₄ is an efficient visible-light-driven photocatalyst with a moderate band gap and excellent chemical and thermal stability, making it suitable for a wide range of reactions. This review focuses on various synthesis strategies for g-C₃N₄ nanomaterials, including quantum dots, nanosheets, and nanotubes, with controlled morphology and structure. However, pristine g-C₃N₄ suffers from limitations such as low surface area, poor light absorption, and rapid electron–hole recombination, which significantly restrict its photocatalytic efficiency in many applications. Therefore, this review summarizes several modification strategies for g-C₃N₄ including metal and non-metal doping, co-doping, heterojunction construction, coupling with metal-free carbon materials, and defect engineering. These approaches aim to enhance photocatalytic activity by extending light absorption, improving charge transfer and separation, increasing surface area, reducing band gap energy, and suppressing charge recombination. Moreover, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art progress, emerging trends, and key challenges associated with novel g-C₃N₄ nanostructures. Their applications in diverse fields including photovoltaics, environmental remediation through photocatalytic degradation of hazardous pollutants, sustainable fuel generation via water splitting and CO₂ reduction, and sensing are discussed in detail. In addition, this critical review highlights the major limitations and unresolved issues of g–C₃N₄–based materials that must be addressed to enable large-scale, real-world implementation. Finally, future research directions are proposed, emphasizing innovative synthesis strategies, advanced structural engineering, and the integration of g-C₃N₄ with next-generation materials to unlock its full potential for energy and environmental applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 151763"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145218461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Moisture-induced degradation of thermal barrier coatings on gas turbine blades in H2-enriched combustion environments","authors":"Rıdvan Küçükosman ,&nbsp;Ahmet Alper Yontar ,&nbsp;Kasim Ocakoglu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.151777","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.151777","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Growing demands to mitigate the environmental impact of gas turbines have intensified research into low-emission fuels, with hydrogen-enriched blends emerging as promising candidates due to their efficiency and reduced carbon footprint. However, the elevated water vapor generated during hydrogen combustion accelerates degradation of hot-section components, particularly thermal barrier coatings (TBCs). This work evaluates the moisture resistance of multilayer α-Al₂O₃/YSZ (Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia) TBCs under hydrogen-rich combustion conditions. A custom-designed combustor equipped with a distributed combustion system was developed to replicate representative environments, and a dedicated sample holder enabled controlled thermal and moisture exposure. Coatings comprising YSZ and α-Al₂O₃/YSZ architectures were subjected to flame exposure for 10 and 15 min. Post-exposure characterization using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) revealed progressive microcracking and spallation in YSZ with increasing duration, whereas degradation in multilayer systems was largely confined to the α-Al₂O₃ surface. No significant phase transformations were observed in either configuration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 151777"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145218845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a prototype of helium-heated sulfuric acid decomposer for sulfur-family thermochemical water splitting process","authors":"Songzhe Chen ,&nbsp;Peng Zhang ,&nbsp;Laijun Wang ,&nbsp;Peng Xiao ,&nbsp;Wei Peng ,&nbsp;Ping Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.151782","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.151782","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The thermochemical iodine-sulfur (IS) and hybrid sulfur (HyS) cycles are among the most promising methods for large-scale hydrogen production, utilizing heat from high-temperature gas-cooled reactors (HTGRs) to achieve high efficiency and zero carbon dioxide emissions. The decomposition of sulfuric acid is a pivotal reaction in both IS and HyS technologies, occurring at the highest temperature and requiring the most heat input. The sulfuric acid decomposer (SAD) is a critical component that utilizes nuclear heat to facilitate sulfuric acid decomposition while simultaneously functioning as a process heat exchanger. In this study, the material balance of SAD as well as the flow rate and temperature distribution in the reactor were estimated through simulation, and a shell-and-tube SAD prototype was designed and manufactured based on the simulation data. A high-temperature helium heating circuit was established to investigate the thermohydraulic properties of the SAD prototype. Temperature distribution data for the interior and critical areas of the prototype were obtained when using helium as the heat source. The research results indicated that the heat exchanger efficiency of the decomposer can reach approximately 60 %. The sulfuric acid decomposition process was successfully validated at reaction temperature of higher than 800 °C. An oxygen production rate of 1.1 Nm³/h (corresponding to a hydrogen production rate of 2.2 Nm³/h of IS and HyS cycles) was achieved, and the decomposition reaction efficiency is about 70 %. These results confirmed the prototype's integrity, sealing performance, heat transfer efficiency, and chemical reaction capabilities under real conditions. The SAD prototype developed in this study represents the first reported instance of a decomposer constructed from engineering materials and heated by helium, and provides a significant reference for IS and HyS cycle water splitting technologies that utilize heat from HTGRs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 151782"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145218903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of combustor geometry on NH3–CH4 swirling turbulent premixed flames: a combined experimental and large eddy simulation analysis of combustion dynamics and NO emissions","authors":"Ping Wang ,&nbsp;Jinzhao Zhang ,&nbsp;Ruiyang Shuai ,&nbsp;Agustin Valera-Medina ,&nbsp;Weijia Qian ,&nbsp;Antonio Ferrante ,&nbsp;Haotian Qi ,&nbsp;Yongzhi Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.151775","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.151775","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ammonia is a promising zero-carbon fuel for gas turbines but is often blended with methane to enhance combustion. This study investigates the previously unexplored influence of combustor geometry on ammonia-methane premixed swirling flames. Experiments and large eddy simulations (LES) were conducted at an equivalence ratio of 0.85 for a blend of 70 vol% NH₃ and 30 vol% CH₄, comparing rectangular and cylindrical combustors. The results show distinct flame stabilization mechanisms: wall confinement in the rectangular combustor creates fragmented recirculation zones, whereas the cylindrical geometry promotes a coherent swirling flow. Consequently, the cylindrical combustor generated 1.8 × higher NO emissions (experimentally 2045 ppm vs 1127 ppm), attributed to increased OH radical concentration and higher post-flame temperatures that inhibit NO reduction. These findings suggest rectangular combustors can better balance flame stability with reduced emissions under the studied conditions, providing valuable guidance for designing advanced low-NOx combustors using ammonia fuel blends.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 151775"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145218919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DFT study of structural, electronic, optical, thermodynamic and hydrogen storage properties of Be2XH6 (X = Co, Ni, Cu)","authors":"Hafiz Muhammad ,&nbsp;Abdul Quader ,&nbsp;H. Bushra Munir ,&nbsp;Muhammad Ahmed ,&nbsp;Abu Bakar ,&nbsp;H. Elhosiny Ali","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.151703","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.151703","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>First principles calculations are performed to explore structural, electronic, optical, thermodynamical and hydrogen storage properties of Be₂XH₆ (X = Co, Ni, Cu) double hydride perovskites. The lattice constants of Be₂CoH₆, Be₂NiH₆ and Be₂CuH₆ are optimized from energy volume curve and noted 5.90 (Å), 5.98 (Å) and 6.14 (Å) respectively. The phonon dispersion curve confirms the dynamic stability of under study double perovskites except Be₂CuH₆. The stability is further tested at higher finite temperatures via ab-initio molecular dynamic calculations. The energy band structure shows the existence of no energy difference between valance and conduction band which reflects the metallic nature of double hydride perovskites. The highest static dielectric constant noted for <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>Be</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mi>NiH</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>6</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span>. The under pressure thermodynamic properties reflect that the Debye temperature is reduced with increasing the applied temperature. However, an increase in entropy and specific heat capacities can be noted with the increase of applied temperature. The gravimetric hydrogen storage capacity <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>C</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>ω</mi><mi>t</mi></mrow></msub><mtext>%</mtext></mrow></math></span> of <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>Be</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mi>CoH</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>6</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span>, <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>Be</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mi>NiH</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>6</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>Be</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mi>CuH</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>6</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span> are 6.80%, 6.82% and 6.47% respectively. High stability and large value of gravimetric hydrogen storage capacity makes these materials prominent for utilization in hydrogen storage applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 151703"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145181342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metal-decorated methylene-bridged cycloparaphenylene nanotubes for high-capacity hydrogen storage","authors":"Hazem Abdelsalam ,&nbsp;Vasil A. Saroka ,&nbsp;Omar H. Abd-Elkader ,&nbsp;Mahmoud A.S. Sakr ,&nbsp;Nahed H. Teleb ,&nbsp;Yushen Liu ,&nbsp;Qinfang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.151634","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.151634","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Efficient hydrogen storage is critical for advancing a sustainable hydrogen economy. This study introduces a novel class of nanotubes constructed from methylene-bridged cycloparaphenylenes (MCPPs) as high-capacity hydrogen storage materials. These nanotubes feature pentagonal rings that act as active sites for binding 3d transition metal atoms, avoiding structural deformation or metal clustering. Metal decoration induces tunable magnetic and electronic properties, such as ferromagnetism and band gap reduction, enhancing reactivity and adsorption behavior. Among the studied metals, vanadium, nickel, and copper demonstrate favorable hydrogen adsorption. Copper-decorated MCPP nanotubes achieve a gravimetric hydrogen capacity of 8.45 wt% and an optimal adsorption energy of −0.20 eV, enabling room-temperature storage (∼280 K) without cryogenic cooling. Molecular dynamics simulations confirm thermal stability up to 500 K, ensuring durability and reusability. These findings underscore the potential of metal-decorated MCPP nanotubes as promising candidates for next-generation hydrogen storage, combining high capacity, thermal resilience, and practical reusability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 151634"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145218462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of hydrogen storage and capacity decay in RE–Mg–Ni alloys: mechanisms and processes at the micro-scale","authors":"Hanfeng Sun ,&nbsp;Peng Sheng ,&nbsp;Xin Zhang ,&nbsp;Dongsheng Zhou ,&nbsp;Jun Li ,&nbsp;Zheng Cao ,&nbsp;Shihai Guo ,&nbsp;Qilu Ge ,&nbsp;Yanghuan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.151765","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.151765","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrogen storage capacity and cycle performance are critical factors for the effective hydrogen storage of RE–Mg–Ni based alloys. This paper summarizes the research progress aimed at enhancing the cycling properties of these alloys. Firstly, the hydrogen storage mechanism of various RE–Mg–Ni based alloys is summarized, including the lattice structure of the alloys and the hydrogen storage interstices occupied by hydrogen atoms in the hydrides. The factors contributing to the capacity decay of RE–Mg–Ni based alloys are also summarized, which include hydrogen-induced amorphous (HIA), phase decomposition, and lattice strain resulting from the hydrogen absorption and desorption reactions. Additionally, the reasons for the differences in lattice destruction among various alloys are discussed. The stable [A₂B₄] subunit/AB₂ alloy structure, improved superlattice subunits matching and improved cycle properties of various alloys are reviewed. Finally, the feasibility of combining stable [A₂B₄] subunit (by element occupancy) and lattice-stabilized multicomponent superlattice alloys is prospected.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 151765"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145218456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical and geochemical alterations in reservoir and caprocks induced by long-term H2-brine-rock interactions","authors":"Guanglei Zhang ,&nbsp;Jinliang Chen ,&nbsp;Jiabao Wang ,&nbsp;P.G. Ranjith ,&nbsp;Guowei Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.151709","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.151709","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Deep saline aquifers offer significant potential for large-scale hydrogen (H₂) storage due to their substantial capacity and high recovery purity. However, the long-term impacts of H₂ injection on reservoir rock and caprock integrity remain poorly understood. This study investigates the physicochemical responses of five representative reservoir and caprocks (sandstone, basalt, limestone, shale, mudstone) to H₂ exposure under simulated aquifer conditions (15 MPa, 60 °C) over 75 days, complemented by century-scale (100-year) geochemical modeling using PHREEQC 3.7. Short-term experimental results revealed negligible alterations in porosity, density, pore structure, mechanical properties, or micro-scale morphology. In contrast, long-term simulations predicted substantial dissolution of carbonate minerals (calcite, dolomite, siderite) and significant H₂ loss in shale (53.20 %), limestone (43.23 %), and mudstone (37.36 %) systems, attributed to enhanced H₂ dissociation and acid-driven reactions. Silicate minerals exhibited minimal reactivity over 100 years. Trace methane generation was observed in carbonate-rich systems. These findings indicate that while silicate-dominated formations are suitable for long-term storage, carbonate-rich caprocks pose leakage risks due to mineral dissolution and associated H₂ consumption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":337,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Hydrogen Energy","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 151709"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145218458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}