Carbon EnergyPub Date : 2025-01-09DOI: 10.1002/cey2.674
Mohd Monis Ayyub, Tamás Fődi, Balázs Endrődi, Csaba Janáky
{"title":"High performance CO reduction at electrolyzer stack level through system optimization","authors":"Mohd Monis Ayyub, Tamás Fődi, Balázs Endrődi, Csaba Janáky","doi":"10.1002/cey2.674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cey2.674","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study demonstrates the electrochemical reduction of carbon monoxide (COR) at high current densities in a zero-gap electrolyzer cell and cell stack. By systematically optimizing both the commercially available membrane electrode assembly components (including binder content and gas diffusion layer) and the operating conditions, we could perform COR at current densities up to 1.4 A cm<sup>−2</sup> with a maximum C<sub>2+</sub> selectivity of 90%. We demonstrated the scale-up to a 3 × 100 cm<sup>2</sup> electrolyzer stack that can sustain stable operation at 1 A cm<sup>−2</sup> for several hours without significant performance decay and with a total C<sub>2+</sub> selectivity of ~80% and an ethylene selectivity of ~40%. We provide critical insights into the holistic optimization of key system parameters, without using special catalysts or surface additives, which can pave the way for scalable and industrially viable COR processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":33706,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Energy","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cey2.674","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143749705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carbon EnergyPub Date : 2025-01-09DOI: 10.1002/cey2.662
Li Yan, Hai Liu, Yanfan Yang, Lin Dai, Chuanling Si
{"title":"Lignin-derived carbon fibers: A green path from biomass to advanced materials","authors":"Li Yan, Hai Liu, Yanfan Yang, Lin Dai, Chuanling Si","doi":"10.1002/cey2.662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cey2.662","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Carbon fibers (CFs) with notable comprehensive properties, such as light weight, high specific strength, and stiffness, have garnered considerable interest in both academic and industrial fields due to their diverse and advanced applications. However, the commonly utilized precursors, such as polyacrylonitrile and pitch, exhibit a lack of environmental sustainability, and their costs are heavily reliant on fluctuating petroleum prices. To meet the substantial market demand for CFs, significant efforts have been made to develop cost-effective and sustainable CFs derived from biomass. Lignin, the most abundant polyphenolic compound in nature, is emerging as a promising precursor which is well-suited for the production of CFs due to its renewable nature, low cost, high carbon content, and aromatic structures. Nevertheless, the majority of lignin raw materials are currently derived from pulping and biorefining industrial by-products, which are diverse and heterogeneous in nature, restricting the industrialization of lignin-derived CFs. This review classifies fossil-derived and biomass-derived CFs, starting from the sources and chemical structures of raw lignin, and outlines the preparation methods linked to the performance of lignin-derived CFs. A comprehensive discussion is presented on the relationship between the structural characteristics of lignin, spinning preparation, and structure-morphology-property of lignin-derived CFs. Additionally, the potential applications of these materials in various domains, including energy, catalysis, composites, and other advanced products, are also described with the objective of spotlighting the unique merits of lignin. Finally, the current challenges faced and future prospects for the advancement of lignin-derived CFs are proposed.</p>","PeriodicalId":33706,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Energy","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cey2.662","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143749704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carbon EnergyPub Date : 2025-01-07DOI: 10.1002/cey2.675
Jinshu Huang, Yan Ding, Jie Li, Zhao Hu, Shunmugavel Saravanamurugan, Junqi Wang, Yaqiong Su, Song Yang, Hu Li
{"title":"Modulating structural oxygen/crystallinity enables ambient cascade photo-upgrading of biomass saccharides to lactic acid","authors":"Jinshu Huang, Yan Ding, Jie Li, Zhao Hu, Shunmugavel Saravanamurugan, Junqi Wang, Yaqiong Su, Song Yang, Hu Li","doi":"10.1002/cey2.675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cey2.675","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Photocatalytic transformation of biomass into biofuels and value-added chemicals is of great significance for carbon neutrality. Metal-free carbon nitride has extensive applications but with almost no absorption and utilization of near-infrared light, accounting for 50% of sunlight. Here, a molten salt-assisted in-plane “stitching” and interlayer “cutting” protocol is developed for constructing a highly crystalline carbon nitride catalyst containing structural oxygen (HC-CN). HC-CN is highly efficient for the photothermal cascade transformation of biomass-derived glucose into lactic acid (LA) with an unprecedented yield (94.3%) at 25°C under full-spectrum light irradiation within 50 min, which is also applicable to quantitatively photo-upgrading various saccharides. Theoretical calculations expound that the light-induced glucose-to-catalyst charge transfer can activate the C<sub>\u0000 <i>β</i>\u0000 </sub>–H bond to promote the rate-determining step of intramolecular hydrogen shift in glucose-to-fructose isomerization. Meanwhile, the introduced structural oxygen in HC-CN can not only facilitate the local electric field formation to achieve rapid charge transport/separation and regulate selective •O<sub>2</sub>\u0000 <sup>−</sup> generation for oriented C3–C4 bond cleavage of fructose but also narrow the energy band gap to broaden the light absorption range of HC-CN, contributing to enhanced LA production without exogenous heating. Moreover, HC-CN is highly recyclable and exhibits negligible environmental burden and low energy consumption, as disclosed by the life cycle assessment. Tailored construction of full-spectrum light adsorption and versatile reaction sites provides a reference for implementing multi-step biomass and organic conversion processes under mild conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":33706,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Energy","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cey2.675","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143749334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Electrochemical evolution of a metal oxyhydroxide surface on two-dimensional layered metal phosphorus trisulfides enables the oxidation of amine to nitrile","authors":"Binglan Wu, Karim Harrath, Marshet Getaye Sendeku, Tofik Ahmed Shifa, Yuxin Huang, Jing Tai, Fekadu Tsegaye Dajan, Kassa Belay Ibrahim, Xueying Zhan, Zhenxing Wang, Elisa Moretti, Ying Yang, Fengmei Wang, Alberto Vomiero","doi":"10.1002/cey2.672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cey2.672","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Selective oxidation of amines to imines through electrocatalysis is an attractive and efficient way for the chemical industry to produce nitrile compounds, but it is limited by the difficulty of designing efficient catalysts and lack of understanding the mechanism of catalysis. Herein, we demonstrate a novel strategy by generation of oxyhydroxide layers on two-dimensional iron-doped layered nickel phosphorus trisulfides (Ni<sub>1−<i>x</i></sub>Fe<sub><i>x</i></sub>PS<sub>3</sub>) during the oxidation of benzylamine (BA). In-depth structural and surface chemical characterizations during the electrocatalytic process combined with theoretical calculations reveal that Ni<sub>(1−<i>x</i>)</sub>Fe<sub><i>x</i></sub>PS<sub>3</sub> undergoes surface reconstruction under alkaline conditions to form the metal oxyhydroxide/phosphorus trichalcogenide (NiFeOOH/Ni<sub>1−<i>x</i></sub>Fe<sub><i>x</i></sub>PS<sub>3</sub>) heterostructure. Interestingly, the generated heterointerface facilitates BA oxidation with a low onset potential of 1.39 V and Faradaic efficiency of 53% for benzonitrile (BN) synthesis. Theoretical calculations further indicate that the as-formed NiFeOOH/Ni<sub>1−<i>x</i></sub>Fe<sub><i>x</i></sub>PS<sub>3</sub> heterostructure could offer optimum free energy for BA adsorption and BN desorption, resulting in promising BN synthesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":33706,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Energy","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cey2.672","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143749335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Boosting lignin-based photocatalyst with photocorrosion resistance for efficient H2O2 production via hetero-interfacial π-π stacking channels","authors":"Xinyu Xiao, Honghan Wang, Xing Wang, Chao Liu, Ying Han, Shangru Zhai, Haishun Du","doi":"10.1002/cey2.666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cey2.666","url":null,"abstract":"<p>As the most abundant renewable aromatic biopolymer resource on the Earth, lignin has become a cutting-edge research hotspot in clean photocatalysis, thanks to the distinct highest occupied molecular-orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular-orbital energy levels driven by the major β-O-4 linked bonds. However, the complex spatial architecture of functional groups, represented by benzene rings in the 3D intertwined macromolecular chains of lignin, and the challenge of enhancing carrier separation efficiency remain persistent obstacles hindering the development of lignin-based photocatalysts. Herein, a strategy of constructing lignin nanosphere-graphene oxide heterointerfaces (EL-GO) is proposed to comprehensively enhance the efficacy of functional groups and facilitate photoelectron migration modes. The recombination time of light-excited photoelectrons is effectively prolonged by the π-π interactions between the “Donor site” and “Acceptor site” functional regions, along with the directional migration of photoelectrons between EL and GO. The photocatalytic efficiency of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> production using EL-GO is significantly enhanced under the protective mechanism of GO. To assess its potential, a prospect estimation of EL-GO in a lake containing various pollutants and metal ions was conducted, simulating real water conditions. This pioneering engineering effort aims to curb excessive consumption of fossil fuels and explore the green applications of lignin, thereby constructing a “carbon-neutral” feedstock system.</p>","PeriodicalId":33706,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Energy","volume":"7 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cey2.666","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143883846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carbon EnergyPub Date : 2025-01-06DOI: 10.1002/cey2.669
Karthik Peramaiah, Purushothaman Varadhan, Vinoth Ramalingam, Bilawal Khan, Pradip Kumar Das, Hao Huang, Hui-Chun Fu, Xiulin Yang, Vincent Tung, Kuo-Wei Huang, Jr-Hau He
{"title":"Unassisted photoelectrochemical CO2 reduction by employing III–V photoelectrode with 15% solar-to-fuel efficiency","authors":"Karthik Peramaiah, Purushothaman Varadhan, Vinoth Ramalingam, Bilawal Khan, Pradip Kumar Das, Hao Huang, Hui-Chun Fu, Xiulin Yang, Vincent Tung, Kuo-Wei Huang, Jr-Hau He","doi":"10.1002/cey2.669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cey2.669","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Solar-driven carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO<sub>2</sub>RR) provides an opportunity to produce value-added chemical feedstocks and fuels. However, achieving efficient and stable photoelectrochemical (PEC) CO<sub>2</sub>RR into selective products is challenging owing to the difficulties associated with the optical and the electrical configuration of PEC devices and electrocatalyst properties. Herein, we construct an efficient, concentrated sunlight-driven CO<sub>2</sub>RR setup consisting of InGaP/GaAs/Ge triple-junction cell as a photoanode and oxide-derived Au (Ox-Au) as a cathode to perform the unassisted PEC CO<sub>2</sub>RR. Under one-sun illumination, a maximum operating current density of 11.5 mA cm<sup>–2</sup> with an impressive Faradaic efficiency (FE) of ~98% is achieved for carbon monoxide (CO) production, leading to a solar-to-fuel conversion efficiency of ~15%. Under concentrated intensity of 10 sun, the photoanode records a maximum current density of ~124 mA cm<sup>–2</sup> and maintains ~60% of FE for CO production. The results demonstrate crucial advancements in using III–V based photoanodes for concentrated PEC CO<sub>2</sub>RR.</p>","PeriodicalId":33706,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Energy","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cey2.669","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143749571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Advancements in silicon-air batteries: High performance asymmetric-electrolyte and quasi-solid-state designs for portable applications","authors":"Shengcui Pang, Junjie Wang, Baoling Wang, Mingshan Zhu, Guangzhi Hu, Haijiao Xie, Sujuan Hu","doi":"10.1002/cey2.661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cey2.661","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Silicon-air batteries (SABs) hold significant potential as efficient energy conversion devices due to their high theoretical energy density, theoretical discharge voltage, and favorable energy-to-cost ratios. However, their applicability has been hindered by low output discharge potential, high discharge polarizations, and singular aqueous configuration. To address these, the catalyst with faster oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) kinetic rate, nitrogen-doped carbon materials functionalized with FeMo metal clusters (FeMo-NC), was designed in acid electrolyte and thus high output voltage and energy density SABs with asymmetric-electrolytes have been developed. This innovative design aligns the reaction rates of the cathode and anode in SABs, achieving stable discharge around 1.7 V for 188 h. Furthermore, an all-in-one quasi-solid-state SAB (QSSSAB) was first developed using a suitable acid–base gel electrolyte. This all-in-one QSSSAB showcases good safety, low cost, and portability, with open-circuit voltage of 1.6 V and energy density of 300.2 Wh kg<sup>−1</sup>, surpassing the energy density of most previously reported aqueous SABs. In terms of application, these compact all-in-one QSSSABs can provide stable and reliable power support for portable small electronic devices (such as electronic players, diodes, and electronic watches).</p>","PeriodicalId":33706,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Energy","volume":"7 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cey2.661","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143497076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ultra-high-flux passive cooling enabled by a sweating-inspired hygroscopic membrane","authors":"Zengguang Sui, Fuxiang Li, Yunren Sui, Haosheng Lin, Wei Wu","doi":"10.1002/cey2.665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cey2.665","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Passive thermal management in electronics has disadvantages of low efficiency and high cost. Herein, experimental and numerical studies on the geometric optimization of a hygroscopic-membrane heat sink (HMHS) are conducted. The HMHS is based on water evaporation from a membrane-encapsulated hygroscopic salt solution, in which pin fins are used for thermal conductivity enhancement. A comprehensive heat and mass transfer model is developed and validated. To obtain the HMHS configuration with the maximum cooling performance, an approach that couples the Taguchi method with numerical simulations is utilized. The contribution ratio of each design factor is determined. Experimentally validated results demonstrate that the maximum temperature reduction provided by the HMHS can be further improved from 15.5°C to 17.8°C after optimization, achieving a temperature reduction of up to 21°C at a fixed heat flux of 25 kW/m<sup>2</sup> when compared with a similarly sized fin heat sink. Remarkably, the optimized HMHS extends the effective cooling time by ∼343% compared with traditional phase-change materials, achieving a maximum temperature reduction ranging from 7.0°C to 20.4°C. Meanwhile, the effective heat transfer coefficient achieved is comparable with that of forced liquid cooling. Our findings suggest that the proposed cooling approach provides a new pathway for intermittent thermal management, which is expected to be used for thermal regulation of electronics, batteries, photovoltaic panels, and LED lights.</p>","PeriodicalId":33706,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Energy","volume":"7 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cey2.665","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143497075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carbon EnergyPub Date : 2025-01-03DOI: 10.1002/cey2.668
Tianyi Xu, Dongxu Jiao, Jinchang Fan, Yilong Dong, Zhaoyong Jin, Lei Zhang, Wei Zhang, Jingxiang Zhao, Weitao Zheng, Xiaoqiang Cui
{"title":"“Similar stacking”-inspired compressive strain of heterogeneous phosphide for efficient hydrogen evolution","authors":"Tianyi Xu, Dongxu Jiao, Jinchang Fan, Yilong Dong, Zhaoyong Jin, Lei Zhang, Wei Zhang, Jingxiang Zhao, Weitao Zheng, Xiaoqiang Cui","doi":"10.1002/cey2.668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cey2.668","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Strain effects have garnered significant attention in catalytic applications due to their ability to modulate the electronic structure and surface adsorption properties of catalysts. In this study, we propose a novel approach called “similar stacking” for stress modulation, achieved through the loading of Co<sub>2</sub>P on Ni<sub>2</sub>P (Ni<sub>2</sub>P/Co<sub>2</sub>P). Theoretical simulations reveal that the compressive strain induced by Co<sub>2</sub>P influences orbital overlap and electron transfer with hydrogen atoms. Furthermore, the number of stacked layers can be adjusted by varying the precursor soaking time, which further modulates the strain range and hydrogen adsorption. Under a 2-h soaking condition, the strain effect proves favorable for efficient hydrogen production. Experimental characterizations using X-ray diffraction, high-angel annular dark-field scanning transmission election microscope (HAADF-STEM), and X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy successfully demonstrate lattice contraction of Co<sub>2</sub>P and bond length shortening of Co–P. Remarkably, our catalyst shows an ultrahigh current density of 1 A cm<sup>−2</sup> at an overpotential of only 388 mV, surpassing that of commercial Pt/C, while maintaining long-term stability. This material design strategy of similar stacking opens up new avenues of strain modulation and the deeper development of electrocatalysts.</p>","PeriodicalId":33706,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Energy","volume":"7 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cey2.668","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143497021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carbon EnergyPub Date : 2025-01-03DOI: 10.1002/cey2.663
Mengke Kang, Xiang Zhang, Jingyi Wang, Wen Li, Tianyu Xue, Kun Zhai, Jianyong Xiang, Anmin Nie, Yingchun Cheng, Zhongyuan Liu
{"title":"Asymmetric charge distribution boosts hydrogen evolution performance in two-dimensional MoO2/MoS2 step heterostructure","authors":"Mengke Kang, Xiang Zhang, Jingyi Wang, Wen Li, Tianyu Xue, Kun Zhai, Jianyong Xiang, Anmin Nie, Yingchun Cheng, Zhongyuan Liu","doi":"10.1002/cey2.663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cey2.663","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Step heterostructures are predicted to hold a profound catalytic performance because of the rearranged electronic structure at their interface. However, limitations in the morphology of heterostructures prepared by hydrothermal reactions or molten salt-assisted strategies make it challenging to directly assess charge distribution and evaluate a single interface's hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance. Here, we prepared two-dimensional MoO<sub>2</sub>/MoS<sub>2</sub> step heterostructures with a large specific surface area by the chemical vapor deposition method. Surface Kelvin probe force microscopy and electrical transport measurement verified the asymmetric charge distribution at a single interface. By fabricating a series of micro on-chip electrocatalytic devices, we investigate the HER performance for a single interface and confirm that the interface is essential for superior catalytic performance. We experimentally confirmed that the enhancement of the HER performance of step heterostructure is attributed to the asymmetric charge distribution at the interface. This work lays a foundation for designing highly efficient catalytic systems based on step heterostructures.</p>","PeriodicalId":33706,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Energy","volume":"7 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cey2.663","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143497022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}