Sports Medicine and Health Science最新文献

{"title":"Causal inference between physical activity and chronic diseases: Insights from a two-sample Mendelian randomization study","authors":"Peng Qiu ,&nbsp;Junyu Wu ,&nbsp;Min Li ,&nbsp;Zhiguang Zhao ,&nbsp;Qirong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chronic diseases are major causes of global death and disability, significantly impacting individual health and imposing economic burdens. This study aims to investigate the causal relationship between physical activity (PA) and the development of chronic diseases. Using a Mendelian randomization (MR) approach, we incorporated average PA and its subtypes (more than 450 ​000 participants) as exposure measures and eight chronic diseases as outcome measures. Data were obtained from the European Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS). The primary causal analysis technique employed was the inverse variance weighting (IVW) method, with MR-Egger, weighted median, weighted mode, and simple mode used to validate the results. Sensitivity analyses were performed to assess heterogeneity and pleiotropy. The IVW approach results show that vigorous physical activity (VPA) is associated with a modest reduction in the risk of major coronary heart disease (<em>OR</em> ​= ​0.95, 95% <em>CI</em>: 0.91–0.99, <em>p</em> ​= ​0.01). The causal directions of the other four MR methods are consistent with this result and validated by sensitivity analysis. No substantial associations were found between other levels of PA and chronic disease. Our findings underscore the importance of VPA in preventive cardiology and suggest its potential role in public health initiatives. Further research should explore the impact of PA on different demographic groups and the dose-response relationship of VPA on heart health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33620,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine and Health Science","volume":"7 6","pages":"Pages 446-452"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145766121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The functional state of athletes who have undergone coronavirus infection (COVID-19)","authors":"Victoria Zaborova ,&nbsp;Irina Lazareva ,&nbsp;Kira Kryuchkova ,&nbsp;Christina Popova ,&nbsp;Vitaly Rybakov ,&nbsp;Dmitry Shestakov ,&nbsp;Valerio Bonavolontà ,&nbsp;Laura Guidetti ,&nbsp;Giovanna Zimatore","doi":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.09.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to investigate the energy supply of athletes, who had a mild form of coronavirus infection (COVID-19) under cycling ergometric load (CEL) to substantiate the timing of recovery, as well as to determine the volume and intensity of physical activity. Eighty-seven athletes aged from 18 to 28 years old, involved in cyclic sports, were examined. Group I consisted of 52 athletes with COVID-19, and group II consisted of 37 healthy self-isolating athletes. In addition to the comprehensive examination, the tested athletes underwent special examinations: the study of diagnostic material using methods of nucleic acid amplification, spirography and spiroergometry, electrocardiography (ECG), and CEL. The results of athletes from both groups did not differ significantly (<em>p</em> ​&gt; ​0.5) in the 1^st, 2^nd, and 3^rd examinations. The second examination revealed a discrepancy between functional reserves and the load performed, as evidenced by the difference in the recovery rate of most indicators, the results of the third examination in the long-term period (6 months) showed that the athletes of the first group did not have any violations of the parameters of the respiratory function (RF) and cardiovascular system at rest, after performing CEL, as well as in the recovery period. The results suggest that the full resumption of training loads and participation in competitions are possible only with the complete normalization of the functional state of the cardiorespiratory system. The most informative indicators are: minute ventilation (<span><math><msub><mrow><mover><mi>V</mi><mo>˙</mo></mover></mrow><mi>E</mi></msub></math></span>), heart rate (HR), oxygen pulse (OP), and coefficient of oxygen utilization (COU).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33620,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine and Health Science","volume":"7 6","pages":"Pages 453-459"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145766159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in body mass and urinary biomarkers after a long-lasting combat search and rescue military exercise performed in a tropical region","authors":"Diego Fortes de Souza Salgueiro ,&nbsp;Tiago Rezende Figueira ,&nbsp;Orival Andries Júnior","doi":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.10.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.10.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study aimed to evaluate body mass changes and urine biomarker responses during a Combat Search and Rescue (CSAR) military exercise performed in a tropical region. Ten urinary biomarkers were analyzed via dipstick urinalysis to assess the physiological strain and the potential health risks associated with this exercise. Body mass and urine samples were obtained from 151 male cadets ([21.3 ​± ​1.6] year-old; height [177.2 ​± ​4.1] ​cm) before and after completing the efforts of a CSAR exercise that lasted approximately 10 ​hour (h). Body mass significantly decreased (<em>p</em> ​&lt; ​0.05) by more than 3% immediately post-exercise (from [75.0 ​± ​9.85] kg to [72.6 ​± ​9.6] ​kg), returning to pre-exercise levels within 14 and 38 ​h after the complen. Interestingly, urine specific gravity (USG) paralleled the changes in body mass and exhibited a significant increase immediately after the exercise. Similar patterns of significant alterations were observed in urine acidity, ketonuria, bilirubinuria, and hematuria, mirroring the time course of changes in USG. The other evaluated urine variables did not show significant changes. The reduction in body mass was significantly correlated with changes in USG, ketonuria, bilirubinuria and proteinuria after the military exercise. In summary, cadets engaged in the CSAR military exercise experienced physiologically meaningful dehydration and exhibited indirect markers of cell damage immediately after the exercise. However, these changes were spontaneously resolved within 14 ​h post-task. Monitoring selected non-invasive biomarkers could aid in managing performance and health risks during arduous military training.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33620,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine and Health Science","volume":"7 6","pages":"Pages 474-480"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145766162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simultaneous repair of chronic bilateral myotendinous junctional pectoralis major tendon tears: A case report and review of the literature","authors":"Patrick M. Ryan ,&nbsp;Garret Schuchart ,&nbsp;Luke Villamaria ,&nbsp;Brett Robin","doi":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While traumatic rupture of the pectoralis major is increasingly recognized, simultaneous bilateral pectoralis major tears remain exceedingly rare, with only five previously reported cases. Of these cases, only two were treated in a simultaneous fashion, both relatively acutely after injury. We present, to our knowledge, the first case of chronic bilateral pectoralis major myotendinous junctional tears treated with simultaneous repair. Additionally, given the occupational functional demands of our patient, we provide additional insight into the expected recovery of similar cases, with unrestricted activity at six months post-operatively and fully recovered strength at ten months postoperatively maintained at a three-year follow-up.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33620,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine and Health Science","volume":"7 6","pages":"Pages 487-490"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145766164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Within-subject time series angular velocity differences between in-game high and low velocity fastballs in college baseball pitchers","authors":"Adam Nebel ,&nbsp;Abigail Schmitt ,&nbsp;Kevin Giordano ,&nbsp;Gretchen Oliver","doi":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>The purpose of the current study is to investigate the within-pitcher differences in time series angular velocities of the pelvis, trunk, shoulder, and elbow for high and low velocity fastballs in college baseball pitchers.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In-game data were retrospectively analyzed from 82 NCAA Division 1 pitchers ([1.89 ​± ​0.06] m, [92.8 ​± ​9.5] kg). Kinematic data were collected using an in-game markerless motion capture system. Time series data of pelvis, trunk, shoulder, and elbow angular velocities for each pitcher's fastest and slowest fastball were extracted for the pitch cycle (foot contact to ball release) and used for analysis. Within-subject time series comparisons were conducted using statistical parametric mapping (SPM) paired samples <em>t</em>-tests (<em>α</em> ​= ​0.012 5).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Each of the tested segments were significantly faster in the fastest fastball trial compared to the slowest fastball trial. The duration of significance in reference to the pitch cycle, test statistic, and <em>p</em>-value, for each segment are as follows: Pelvis: 0%–4%, <em>t</em> ​= ​3.54, <em>p</em> ​= ​0.012; Trunk: 30%–67%, <em>t</em> ​= ​5.62, <em>p</em> ​&lt; ​0.001; Shoulder External Rotation: 3%–50%, <em>t</em> ​= ​−6.03, <em>p</em> ​&lt; ​0.001; Shoulder Internal Rotation: 96%–100%, <em>t</em> ​= ​4.11, <em>p</em> ​= ​0.008; Elbow: 75%–86%, <em>t</em> ​= ​4.13, <em>p</em> ​&lt; ​0.001.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Within-subjects differences exist in time series angular velocities when comparing the fastest and slowest fastball. These time series differences provide additional information to distinguish fastball velocity beyond what discrete metrics can provide. Pitchers should look to rotate each segment faster, and optimize the sequencing of these movements, to increase pitch velocity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33620,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine and Health Science","volume":"7 6","pages":"Pages 460-465"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145766160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiological basis for recommending changes to the physical activity guidelines","authors":"James S. Skinner ,&nbsp;J. Larry Durstine","doi":"10.1016/j.smhs.2025.09.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhs.2025.09.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid drop in mortality risk as people become more active has been known for some time. While the public health message is clear (i.e., that any physical activity [PA] is better than no PA), no acceptable explanation as to why this rapid drop in mortality occurs is available. Without an explanation, providing specific answers as to what sedentary people should do to optimize health remains difficult. Research findings from studies on exercise physiology and inactivity physiology show why a lack of understanding of the importance of regular exercise or for becoming physically active exists. These findings also show how new knowledge can modify present PA guidelines. With sedentary people, being less inactive is more critical than becoming more active. Active people can also reduce their inactivity and achieve greater health benefits. Adults doing more vigorous aerobic and strength training achieve greater health benefits. No more than two days should elapse between exercise sessions 1) to improve insulin sensitivity and improve glucose tolerance, and 2) to activate muscle enzymes such as lipoprotein lipase to reduce postprandial lipemia. Older adults should do more strength exercises to minimize the effects of aging on sarcopenia. Subjective perception of effort is an easy, useful way to prescribe exercise. Being less inactive and more active are both important lifestyle considerations, and both must be promoted to all age groups.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33620,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine and Health Science","volume":"7 6","pages":"Pages 432-437"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145766117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of 8-weeks Surf Skateboard training on physical fitness in young people","authors":"Sangarun Kaewcham ,&nbsp;Wannaporn Tongtako","doi":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.10.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.10.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Surf skateboards have grown in popularity among young people in recent years. However, no research studies have analyzed the effect of surf skateboarding on physical fitness.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of 8-week surf skateboard training on physical fitness in young adults.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Twenty-two young people, ages 18–24 years were randomly assigned into two groups: a control (CON; <em>n</em> ​= ​11) and surf skateboarding (SSK; <em>n</em> ​= ​11) group. The surf skateboard training group received an eight-week intervention consisting of three 60-minute (min) sessions per week, while the control group continued with their normal daily lives. Physical fitness was assessed before and after the intervention through a battery of tests that included body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength and endurance, flexibility, and balance.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The results showed that the SSK group demonstrated significant (<em>p</em> ​&lt; ​0.05) improvements in maximum voluntary ventilation, back and leg strength, lower body muscular endurance by the sit-to-stand tests, and balance in all direction compared with the pre-test and the CON group. In addition, the SSK group showed significantly (<em>p</em> ​&lt; ​0.05) decreased body weight, body mass index, percent body fat, and resting heart rate, while increased maximum oxygen consumption, pulmonary function, respiratory muscle strength, upper body muscular endurance by the sit-up test and flexibility compared with the pre-test.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The findings suggest that surf skateboard training have an effective physical activity intervention to improve body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength and endurance, flexibility, and balance in young people.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33620,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine and Health Science","volume":"7 6","pages":"Pages 466-473"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145766161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of exercise on the 21st century epidemic of heart failure","authors":"Michael J. LaMonte","doi":"10.1016/j.smhs.2025.07.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhs.2025.07.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heart failure (HF) poses a serious threat to public health in an aging population. HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) historically was the focus for developing prevention and management strategies, including exercise training in HFrEF patients. However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is increasingly common among older adults. There are no well-established treatment options making its primary prevention critical. This article reviews the role of exercise in the prevention and management of HF. Selected published articles informed discussion of HF etiology, evidence for the role of exercise in HF, and the biologic mechanisms linking exercise with HF development and prognosis. HF is a complex syndromic condition that manifests with severe exercise intolerance. Several causes of HF-related exercise intolerance respond to exercise training and two randomized controlled exercise interventions in HFrEF patients have demonstrated safety and efficacy for improved physical work capacity, quality of life, and mortality endpoints in medically stable HF patients. At present, only epidemiological cohort data are available for HFpEF outcomes, but the data are generally consistent in supporting lower risk of HFpEF development with levels of lifestyle physical activity meeting recommended amounts. Clinical trial evidence is needed to support this observation in HFpEF. Exercise training is established as part of guideline directed treatment of HFrEF patients. Lifestyle physical activity at guideline recommended amounts appears to be associated with lower risk of developing both HFrEF and HFpEF. There has yet to be a definitive clinical trial on exercise training and HFpEF treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33620,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine and Health Science","volume":"7 5","pages":"Pages 375-383"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144914091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of resistance training in mitigating cancer-induced cachexia: A systematic review","authors":"Jennifer L. Horawski ,&nbsp;Sara E. Fleszar-Pavlovic ,&nbsp;Melissa Lopez-Pentecost ,&nbsp;Tracy E. Crane ,&nbsp;Madalyn G. Wheeler ,&nbsp;Eric Kholodovsky ,&nbsp;Thomas M. Best","doi":"10.1016/j.smhs.2025.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhs.2025.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Cancer induced cachexia, the involuntary loss of lean body mass and adipose tissue, is a debilitating syndrome experienced in up to 80% of all cancer patients. Cachexia is associated with poor treatment outcomes including decreased quality of life, increased risk of infection, disease progression, and mortality. Recent research suggests that exercise interventions may improve cachexia; however, there is a need for comprehensive and systematic review of the literature to evaluate the role of specific interventions on cancer-induced cachexia.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a systematic review examining the efficacy of physical activity interventions, particularly resistance training, on cancer-induced cachexia outcomes. We searched seven electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, EBSCO, SCOPUS, Web of Science, PsychINFO, Cochrane) for articles published up to September 2023, yielding 7 eligible studies.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Sample sizes ranged from 20 to 190 participants per study. Studies included pancreatic (<em>n</em> ​= ​3), head &amp; neck (<em>n</em> ​= ​3), and Gastrointestinal (<em>n</em> ​= ​1) cancers. Mean age ranged from 51.90 to 67.1 years old and females comprised 51% of the participants. Most studies implemented resistance training interventions (73%), ranging from 3 months to 6 months in duration. Although the patterns of outcomes indicate promising results, the effect sizes for all models were small and not statistically significant.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The science of exercise interventions to improve outcomes in those with cancer-related cachexia is still emerging although progressive resistance training appears to be the most promising countermeasure. Authors encourage the development of high-quality, fully powered randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining physical exercise interventions aimed at mitigating cancer-induced cachexia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33620,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine and Health Science","volume":"7 5","pages":"Pages 384-392"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144914094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Importance, unique aspects and guidelines, and building blocks of early childhood physical activity from a socioecological perspective","authors":"Karin Allor Pfeiffer ,&nbsp;Kimberly A. Clevenger","doi":"10.1016/j.smhs.2025.01.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhs.2025.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although the benefits of physical activity are established across all age groups, researchers have recently noted that there is uncertainty as to which correlates and determinants of physical activity contribute to well-informed interventions and policies, particularly for the time frame of early childhood. The following narrative review highlights salient factors related to physical activity during early childhood, particularly in the United States, with respect to a socioecological framework. Discussion of factors at the individual (demographic, genetic), interpersonal (family support and perceptions of competence), organizational (e.g., preschool attended, preschool quality, teacher characteristics), community (availability, use, and perceptions of play spaces), and policy levels is included. While researchers often work within a public health framework that focuses on moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, or total (light-to-vigorous) physical activity, this may not fully align with how young children move. The importance of structured and unstructured play, risky play, and nature-based play are highlighted. Implications for basic and applied scientists, clinicians, and practitioners are addressed. Suggestions for future work include consideration of the context of physical activity, associations with other health behaviors, and further examination of the interpersonal and community level factors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33620,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine and Health Science","volume":"7 5","pages":"Pages 308-316"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144913826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}