Sports Medicine and Health Science最新文献

{"title":"Proprioception deficits in chronic ankle instability associated with structural and functional alternations in cerebellar vermis","authors":"Xiao'ao Xue ,&nbsp;Yuwen Zhang ,&nbsp;Le Yu ,&nbsp;Qianru Li ,&nbsp;Yiran Wang ,&nbsp;Zikun Wang ,&nbsp;Shanshan Zheng ,&nbsp;Yang Sun ,&nbsp;He Wang ,&nbsp;Yinghui Hua","doi":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.11.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.11.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Ankle proprioception deficits have been widely reported in patients with chronic ankle instability (CAI), but their central neuropathological mechanisms have not been fully discussed. So, we aimed to figure out whether the structural and functional features of the cerebellar vermis differed between patients with CAI and healthy controls, and are associated with proprioception deficits in patients.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Twenty-two patients and 25 control individuals were enrolled in a cross-sectional investigation. All participants underwent structural and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning to calculate voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) of the vermis. Between-group comparisons of the ankle instability-related subregions of the vermis were performed. Correlation analyses were performed between the outcomes of the surviving subregions and the proprioceptive scores of the ankle inversion discrimination apparatus for landing test.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The subregion of vermis IV/V survived the multiple comparison correction to reveal a lower VBM value in patients than in healthy controls (Cohen's <em>d</em> ​= ​−0.968). The patients also showed significantly higher fALFF (Cohen's <em>d</em> ​= ​0.666) in this subregion. After controlling the demographic features, the proprioceptive scores were significantly correlated with VBM (<em>r</em> ​= ​0.622) and fALFF values (<em>r</em> ​= ​−0.512) in the group of patients.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Patients with CAI have lower gray matter volume and higher activity intensity in the cerebellar vermis than healthy control. The more severe proprioception deficits were significantly associated with the vermal volume and activity, which might be able to facilitate future diagnoses and treatments for CAI.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33620,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine and Health Science","volume":"8 1","pages":"Pages 96-101"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146049189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The characteristics of cerebral cortical oxygenation levels and functional connectivity under upper and lower limb exercise-induced fatigue","authors":"Feng Li,&nbsp;Yajie Wang,&nbsp;Xinyi Wang,&nbsp;Jiawei Bi,&nbsp;Ye Luo,&nbsp;Lingyan Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.smhs.2025.01.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhs.2025.01.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to explore the impact of fatigue induced by different limb exercises on cerebral cortical oxygenation levels and functional connectivity strength using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Fatigue was induced using an upper limb ergometer or a lower limb ergometer, with the load increasing gradually each minute. fNIRS covering the prefrontal cortex and motor cortex were used to collect data during the resting state, both before and after fatigue induction. A two-way ANOVA was conducted to examine differences in oxyhemoglobin (HbO₂) and functional connectivity before and after fatigue induction in both groups, with the significance level set at 0.05. Exercise-induced fatigue in both the upper and lower limbs leads to a significant decrease in cerebral cortical oxygenation levels. Upper limb fatigue leads to a significant reduction in functional connectivity, there were significant decreases in connectivity within the motor cortex, between the motor cortex and frontal regions, and between the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and other frontal regions. Conversely, no significant changes were observed before and after lower limb fatigue. Future studies should focus on examining the extent to which how changes in the cerebral cortex, induced by exercise fatigue, are linked to exercise- and/or performance-related outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33620,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine and Health Science","volume":"8 1","pages":"Pages 61-69"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146049158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of wet and dry cupping therapy on endurance, perceived wellness, and exertion in recreational male runners","authors":"Ismail Dergaa ,&nbsp;Hatem Ghouili ,&nbsp;Cain C.T. Clark ,&nbsp;Morteza Taheri ,&nbsp;Mohamed Saifeddin Fessi ,&nbsp;Nizar Souissi ,&nbsp;Noomen Guelmami ,&nbsp;Mohamed Ben Aissa ,&nbsp;Helmi Ben Saad ,&nbsp;Katja Weiss ,&nbsp;Beat Knechtle ,&nbsp;Lamia Ben Ezzeddine","doi":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.11.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.11.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Cupping therapy (CT), an ancient practice revived in modern sports medicine, offers potential benefits for athlete recovery and performance. Distinctions between wet CT (WCT) and dry CT (DCT) in sports science focus on their effects on recovery metrics, particularly how they influence sleep quality, perceived wellness, and athletic performance. Despite anecdotal evidence of its efficacy, rigorous comparative studies are scarce.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to evaluates and compare the effects of WCT and DCT on endurance, perceived wellness, exertion levels, and sleep quality among young, active males, addressing the gap in the literature regarding CT's efficacy in sports performance and recovery.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Thirty-two amateur runners were randomly divided into two groups: one followed WCT sessions and the other followed DCT sessions. The study assessed the interventions' impacts on endurance performance (Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test), sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), and perceived exertion (Borg CR10 Scale). Heart rate was measured using a Polar H10 sensor to gauge physiological responses during physical tests.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Significant improvements were observed in the WCT group for sleep latency (% change ​= ​−82.31%; interaction group ​× ​time <em>p</em> ​= ​0.006; Cohen's <em>d</em> ​= ​0.74) and sleep disturbance (% change ​= ​−68.70%; interaction group ​× ​time <em>p</em> ​&lt; ​0.001; Cohen's <em>d</em> ​= ​1.09), suggesting enhanced sleep quality (global score; % change ​= ​−52.81; interaction group ​× ​time <em>p</em> ​= ​0.004; Cohen's <em>d</em> ​= ​0.77). However, no significant differences were found in direct performance metrics (distance, maximal heart rate, maximal oxygen uptake) between WCT and DCT groups. These findings highlight WCT's potential as a recovery aid, particularly through improved sleep, without directly influencing endurance performance outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>WCT may serve as an effective ergogenic aid for athletes by potentially improving sleep quality and reducing perceived exertion, thus contributing indirectly to performance through enhanced recovery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33620,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine and Health Science","volume":"8 1","pages":"Pages 70-78"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146049187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leveraging mitochondrial stress to improve healthy aging","authors":"Abril Gorgori-Gonzalez ,&nbsp;Silvana Soto-Rodriguez ,&nbsp;Eva Tamayo-Torres ,&nbsp;Esther Garcia-Dominguez ,&nbsp;Vicente Sebastia ,&nbsp;Juan Gambini ,&nbsp;Gloria Olaso-Gonzalez ,&nbsp;Maria Carmen Gomez-Cabrera","doi":"10.1016/j.smhs.2025.10.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhs.2025.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aging is characterized by a progressive decline in physiological function, driven by intrinsic mechanisms (primary aging) and modifiable factors (secondary aging), ultimately leading to multimorbidity, disability, and mortality. Mitochondrial dysfunction, a major hallmark of aging, plays a central role in the loss of muscle mass and strength observed in frailty and sarcopenia. With age, mitochondrial quality control processes, including biogenesis, mitophagy, and dynamics, become dysregulated, impairing energy metabolism and muscle homeostasis.</div><div>Mitochondrial dysfunction correlates with clinical biomarkers of sarcopenia and frailty, such as the decrease in walking speed and muscle strength, making it a therapeutic target for mitohormesis-based strategies aimed at preserving functional capacity. Mitohormetic agents induce reversible mitochondrial stress, triggering adaptive responses that enhance function. Among these interventions, physical exercise, particularly endurance and resistance training (RT), has been reported to be among the most effective, as it may modulate mitochondrial biogenesis, dynamics, and mitophagy through increases in proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) expression, mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid (mtDNA) copy number, and mitochondrial content. Chronic RT can also elevate fusion and fission markers, potentially as a compensatory mechanism to mitigate mitochondrial damage.</div><div>Apart from exercise, mitohormetic compounds such as harmol and piceid are emerging as promising supplements in the aging field. By modulating mitochondrial bioenergetics and dynamics, they may complement lifestyle-based interventions to improve mitochondrial fitness and extend health span.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33620,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine and Health Science","volume":"8 1","pages":"Pages 23-33"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146049154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resistance exercise alleviates skeletal muscle atrophy through reduction of oxidative stress via Sestrin1 in C57BL/6J mice","authors":"Xuege Yang ,&nbsp;Jinglin Peng ,&nbsp;Yating Huang ,&nbsp;Sujuan Liu ,&nbsp;Yanmei Niu ,&nbsp;Li Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.smhs.2025.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhs.2025.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Resistance exercise has been confirmed to be important for maintaining muscle mass and function. However, despite considerable experimental studies, the underlying mechanisms still requires further investigation to be elucidated. Sestrin1 is a stress-inducible protein strongly associated with the occurrence and development of skeletal muscle dysfunction. Besides, oxidative stress is believed to be a major pathogenic mechanism in the development of skeletal muscle atrophy, whereas regular exercise training induces the endogenous antioxidative system and protects the body against adverse effects of oxidative stress. Nevertheless, whether Sestrin1 is involved in the amelioration of resistance exercise on muscle atrophy and the role of its antioxidant function in this process remains unknown. Here we show that six-week resistance exercise training significantly improved muscle function, muscle mass, and oxidative damage and maintained the level of Sestrin1 in dexamethasone-treated C57BL/6J mice. Mechanistically, Sestrin1 overexpression rescued protein degradation and oxidative stress in atrophied myotubes. Furthermore, an emerging regulator of cellular defense against toxic and oxidative insults, nuclear factor erythroid2–related factor 2 (Nrf2) controls the basal and induced expression of an array of antioxidant response element–dependent genes to regulate the pathophysiological outcomes of oxidant exposure. In this study, we found that Nrf2 is a target of Sestrin1, and Nrf2 nuclear translocation is facilitated by Sestrin1. ML385 (an Nrf2 inhibitor) treatment mitigated the regulatory effects of overexpression-Sestrin1. Therefore, Sestrin1 was involved in the process of resistance exercise against skeletal muscle atrophy, which may be closely related to its antioxidant capacity, revealing a potential therapeutic strategy for reducing the loss of skeletal muscle.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33620,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine and Health Science","volume":"8 1","pages":"Pages 50-60"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146049159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular mechanisms of exercise-induced neuroprotection against Parkinson's disease","authors":"Youngil Lee ,&nbsp;Beomsoo Ju ,&nbsp;Yohan Cheon ,&nbsp;Namita Mishra ,&nbsp;Emma Fletcher ,&nbsp;Panagiotis Koutakis ,&nbsp;Gulnaz T. Javan ,&nbsp;Young C. Jang","doi":"10.1016/j.smhs.2025.05.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhs.2025.05.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease that affects movement and cognitive function, resulting from the loss of the neurotransmitter dopamine due to the death of dopaminergic neurons. It affects nearly one million people in the United States and 8.5 million worldwide. While there are some pharmacological and surgical options available, they only provide symptomatic relief, as there is currently no cure for PD. In contrast, exercise training, a non-pharmacological intervention, has emerged as a powerful strategy to enhance the psychological, cognitive, and physiological (motor) impairments associated with PD. Given that the beneficial effects of exercise differ based on the intensity and type of training, gaining a thorough understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying exercise-induced protection is crucial for developing innovative therapies that improve the quality of life for PD patients around the globe. This review discusses PD pathogenesis and pathophysiology and provides recent clinical evidence of neuroprotective benefits from various exercise modalities and intensity. Furthermore, the molecular mechanisms of exercise in PD pathogenesis (e.g., modulations on neurotrophic factors, oxidative stress, mitochondria dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and autophagy) will be emphasized.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33620,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine and Health Science","volume":"8 1","pages":"Pages 3-22"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146049157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"People with hip osteoarthritis have reduced quadriceps voluntary activation and altered motor cortex function","authors":"Myles C. Murphy ,&nbsp;Molly Coventry ,&nbsp;Janet L. Taylor ,&nbsp;Ebonie K. Rio ,&nbsp;Andrea B. Mosler ,&nbsp;Jackie L. Whittaker ,&nbsp;Christopher Latella","doi":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.09.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.09.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aims</h3><div>Compare quadriceps voluntary activation, corticospinal and intracortical excitability between people with and without hip osteoarthritis (OA). Exploratory objectives include quantifying the association of corticospinal/intracortical excitability with voluntary activation, corticospinal/intracortical excitability with hip related pain, and motor threshold with motor cortex inhibition and facilitation.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Case-control study including participants with clinically and radiologically confirmed hip OA and non-OA controls. Quadriceps voluntary activation was assessed using twitch interpolation via femoral nerve stimulation. Single- and paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation over the motor cortex assessed resting motor threshold (RMT), active motor threshold (AMT), short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI), intracortical facilitation (ICF) and silent period. Generalized linear models assessed outcomes (<em>p</em> ​&lt; ​0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We included 17 hip OA (76% female) and 24 controls (92% female) with a mean (standard deviation) age of 58.7 (7.9) years. Compared to controls, people with hip OA had reduced quadriceps voluntary activation (<em>β</em> ​= ​-5.29, 95% confidence intervals [<em>CI</em>], -0.79–-9.79) and increased ICF (<em>β</em> ​= ​0.22, 95%<em>CI</em>, 0.01–0.43). People with hip OA did not differ from controls in RMT (<em>β</em> ​= ​−4.76, 95%<em>CI</em>, −14.08–4.56), AMT (<em>β</em> ​= ​−2.13, 95%<em>CI</em>, −7.12-2.86), SICI (<em>β</em> ​= ​−0.02, 95%<em>CI</em>, −0.15-0.006) or silent period (<em>β</em> <em>=</em> 8.72, 95%<em>CI,</em> −24.75–42.20). More facilitation was associated with increased hip pain (<em>β</em> <em>=</em> 24.55, 95%<em>CI,</em> 6.93–42.18), and more inhibition was associated with less voluntary activation (<em>β</em> <em>=</em> 10.50, 95%<em>CI,</em> 2.00–18.99).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>People with hip OA demonstrate reduced quadriceps voluntary activation and complex changes in motor cortex excitability compared to controls. These findings suggest that hip OA can alter quadriceps neuromuscular function (facilitation associated with pain, inhibition associated with activation), thus having implications for rehabilitation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33620,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine and Health Science","volume":"7 6","pages":"Pages 438-445"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145766120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical activity during COVID-19 pandemic: A 5-year retrospect","authors":"Jeffrey A. Woods ,&nbsp;Noah T. Hutchinson ,&nbsp;Scott K. Powers ,&nbsp;Mari Carmen Gomez-Cabrera ,&nbsp;Zsolt Radak ,&nbsp;Christiaan Leeuwenburgh ,&nbsp;Stefano Cacciatore ,&nbsp;Emanuele Marzetti ,&nbsp;Tianou Zhang ,&nbsp;Ronaldo Garza ,&nbsp;Corby Sidebottom ,&nbsp;Elizabeth Anderson ,&nbsp;J. Larry Durstine ,&nbsp;Junzhi Sun ,&nbsp;Li Li Ji","doi":"10.1016/j.smhs.2025.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhs.2025.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The purpose of this article is to provide a follow-up review of the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 Disease or Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on human health and the role of physical activity (PA) during the 5-year pandemic. We aim to cover the immune system, the cardiopulmonary system, the musculoskeletal system, and the central nervous system (brain function), particularly among older adults, college students, and individuals with post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (Long-COVID). The COVID-19 pandemic has given us many lessons, learned from the death of six million lives and tremendous disturbance to human life. First, we need to continue to investigate cellular and molecular mechanisms that mediate various organistic failures resulting from the viral infection. Such investigations are the only way to completely understand the etiology of the diseases and to develop new drugs and vaccines. The molecular pathways that transmit the signals of viral infection to each organ system are different requiring both basic and clinical research. Available evidence suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction, reduced microcirculation and latent immune activation play a major role, eventually impairing cardiovascular tolerance and peripheral bioenergetics. Second, the COVID-19 pandemic has manifested major disturbances to human lifestyles with reduced PA and exercise standing out as a major factor. Conversely, physical inactivity due to social confinement and mental/psychological stresses has been clearly linked to intensified pathogenic symptoms and amplification of adverse effects on multiple physiological systems. If not intervened, this interaction can lead to Long-COVID, a dangerous futile circle to cause systemic failure. Finally, the COVID-19 pandemic has exerted differential impacts on different populations. Thus, the strategy to develop and conduct to cope with the negativity of pandemic needs to be specific, flexible and tailored to fit different patient populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33620,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine and Health Science","volume":"7 6","pages":"Pages 405-418"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145766118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of blood flow restricted exercise on measures of health and physical fitness across all populations: An umbrella review and meta-meta-analysis","authors":"Cooper Oborn ,&nbsp;Maximillian J. Nelson ,&nbsp;Kade Davison ,&nbsp;James Murray ,&nbsp;Kent Green ,&nbsp;Jawaria Shahid ,&nbsp;Hunter Bennett","doi":"10.1016/j.smhs.2025.02.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhs.2025.02.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To consolidate and evaluate meta-analyses reporting the effects of blood flow restricted exercise (BFRE) on measures of health and physical fitness across all populations.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This preregistered umbrella review followed PRISMA guidelines. A comprehensive search of five databases identified meta-analyses evaluating the effects of BFRE interventions (aerobic, resistance, combined) compared to exercising and non-exercising control conditions on measures of health and performance. A multilevel meta-analysis of standardised mean differences (<em>SMD</em>s) was conducted to examine the effects of BFRE. Subgroup analyses were conducted for the participant and intervention characteristics. Risk of bias was assessed using the AMSTAR-2.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>47 meta-analyses comprised of 265 unique studies were included. All reviews were rated as low-moderate quality. BFRE had a small effect on hypertrophy (<em>SMD</em> ​= ​0.39, <em>p</em> ​&lt; ​0.001) and a moderate effect on strength (<em>SMD</em> ​= ​0.61, <em>p</em> ​&lt; ​0.001) when compared to low load, but not high load resistance training (hypertrophy, <em>SMD =</em> −0.13, <em>p</em> ​= ​0.142; strength, <em>SMD =</em> -0.28, <em>p</em> ​&lt; ​0.001). BFRE had small-to-moderate effects on aerobic fitness (<em>SMD =</em> 0.50, <em>p</em> ​&lt; ​0.001), vascular health (<em>SMD =</em> 0.45, <em>p</em> ​&lt; ​0.001), blood pressure (<em>SMD =</em> 0.46, <em>p</em> ​&lt; ​0.001), and muscular power (<em>SMD =</em> 0.56, <em>p</em> ​&lt; ​0.001). BFRE had no effect on physical function (<em>SMD =</em> 0.16, <em>p</em> ​= ​0.096), pain (<em>SMD =</em> 0.00, <em>p</em> ​= ​0.996), and speed (<em>SMD =</em> 0.22, <em>p</em> ​= ​0.213).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>BFRE is a viable option to improve hypertrophy, strength, aerobic fitness, and vascular health across various populations, though its effects on hypertrophy and strength are smaller when compared to traditional high load resistance training. It doesn't appear to offer any additional benefits than other training methods for physical function, pain, or speed, although sub-analyses suggest further research is warranted in select areas of application.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33620,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine and Health Science","volume":"7 6","pages":"Pages 419-431"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145766119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasma cardiovascular stress biomarkers response to marathon running","authors":"Anna Siekierzycka ,&nbsp;Adrianna Radulska ,&nbsp;Marcin Woźniak ,&nbsp;Iwona Pelikant-Małecka ,&nbsp;Anna Janaszak-Jasiecka ,&nbsp;Ewa Lewicka ,&nbsp;Leszek Kalinowski ,&nbsp;Robert A. Olek","doi":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.11.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.smhs.2024.11.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Habitual physical activity is known to support cardiovascular health. However, when intensive exercise is performed for long durations, it can negatively affect the cardiovascular system. We evaluated the exercise-induced physiological responses of cardiac markers in male marathon runners based on basal plasma trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) levels, a metabolite related to major adverse cardiovascular events.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Blood samples from 28 marathon runners were collected two weeks before the marathon run (baseline), after finishing the race (post-marathon), and two weeks after the race (2 weeks post-marathon). Serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI), endothelin-1 (ET-1), galectin-3, pentraxin-3, human growth differentiation factor 15, and neopterin were determined by the enzyme immunoassay method. Plasma trimethylamine (TMA) and TMAO were measured by the ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Running a marathon increased levels of circulating biomarkers. A greater post-marathon elevation of cTnI and ET-1 was associated with baseline plasma TMAO levels (<em>R</em> ​= ​0.400, <em>p</em> ​= ​0.035 and <em>R</em> ​= ​0.476, <em>p</em> ​= ​0.012, respectively). Moreover, we observed an increase in post-marathon TMA levels.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Greater post-marathon elevation of cTnI and ET-1 was associated with higher baseline plasma TMAO levels. Therefore, TMAO could potentially serve as a new marker in assessing the response of cardiovascular stress biomarkers to marathon running.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33620,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine and Health Science","volume":"7 6","pages":"Pages 481-486"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145766163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}