International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control最新文献

{"title":"Rock mechanical testing of core from the Eos Northern Lights CCS confirmation well and implications for the Geomechanics of North Sea CO2 storage","authors":"L. Griffiths ,&nbsp;N. Thompson ,&nbsp;H. Smith ,&nbsp;E. Skurtveit ,&nbsp;L. Grande","doi":"10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104371","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104371","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents and analyses the results of rock mechanical testing of sandstone and shale samples from the CO₂ storage confirmation well 31/5–7 (Eos) in EL 001 in the North Sea. Although detailed experimental laboratory programs are performed for many hydrocarbon development projects in the North Sea, only a limited number of site-specific experimentally-derived mechanical data are available in the literature. The tested samples included sandstone from the Cook (2680.25–2680.5 m) and Johansen (2761.00–2761.25 m and 2725–2725.25 m) formations, and shale from the Intra-Drake Formation (2592.00–2595.18 m). For each of the sandstones, Brazilian tests, three drained isotropically-consolidated (CID) triaxial tests, one hydrostatic test, and one anisotropically-consolidated uniaxial strain test (CAUST) were performed. For the shale, the testing comprised four permeability tests conducted on both vertical and horizontal plugs, five undrained isotropically-consolidated triaxial tests (CIU; three on vertical plugs and two on horizontal plugs), seven Brazilian tests (on four horizontal and three vertical plugs), and a uniaxial strain test (CAUST). The tests were designed to characterize the mechanical behaviour of the reservoir and cap rocks within stress and strain regimes relevant to CO₂ injection scenarios. Measurements of the elastic and poroelastic properties, strength, failure criteria, and permeability are provided, including an assessment of the mechanical and hydraulic anisotropy in the case of the shale samples. The data, accessible through CO2Datashare (Northern Lights JV, 2023), significantly enhance the understanding of North Sea lithologies and supply critical parameters for accurately modeling the geomechanical response of the reservoir and overburden in response to CO₂ injection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":334,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control","volume":"144 ","pages":"Article 104371"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143839642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retraction notice to “From gas to stone: In-situ carbon mineralisation as a permanent CO2 removal solution” [International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control 137 (2024) 104217]","authors":"Mojtaba Seyyedi,&nbsp;Chris Consoli","doi":"10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104341","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104341","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":334,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control","volume":"144 ","pages":"Article 104341"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143937182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exposure of five cementitious sealant materials to wet supercritical CO2 and CO2-saturated water under simulated downhole conditions","authors":"Reinier van Noort ,&nbsp;Gaute Svenningsen ,&nbsp;Kai Li ,&nbsp;Anne Pluymakers","doi":"10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104380","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104380","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Maintaining well integrity is a key challenge to the secure geological storage of CO₂. Here, sealants based on Portland Cement form a key component, providing seals between the steel wellbore and surrounding caprock, as well as plugs for sealing wells that will no longer be used. However, exposure of sealants based on Portland Cement to CO₂-bearing fluids may lead to carbonation, potentially followed by degradation of these materials during prolonged exposure or flow, which may thus negatively impact well integrity. Therefore, new sealant materials need to be developed to help ensure long-term well integrity.</div><div>This paper reports exposure of five different sealants to CO₂-saturated water and wet supercritical CO₂ at in-situ conditions (80 °C and 10 MPa). Three of the sealants investigated are based on Portland Cement, while the other two are based on Calcium Aluminate Cement, and a rock-based geopolymer specifically developed for Geological CO₂ Storage (GCS). The five sealants were selected to represent different methods for improving wellbore seal integrity, such as restricting permeability (and porosity), or modifying how the material interacts with CO₂-bearing fluids. Exposures were carried out in a purpose-built batch apparatus, enabling simultaneous exposure of up to 10 samples in total to CO₂-saturated water and wet supercritical CO₂.</div><div>After exposure, changes in the sealants’ microstructures and chemical and mineralogical compositions were assessed using scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, computed tomography scanning, and fluid chemical analysis. The impact of exposure to CO₂-bearing fluids was interpreted in terms of alteration and degradation of the materials, to compare how different sealant design modifications can be employed to enhance wellbore integrity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":334,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control","volume":"144 ","pages":"Article 104380"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143844268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental investigation of the intermittent injection of brine-scCO2 to mitigate salt precipitation during CO2 storage in saline aquifers","authors":"Mohammad Reza Nasiri ,&nbsp;Behzad Rostami ,&nbsp;Mohammad Keramati Nejad ,&nbsp;Siavash Riahi ,&nbsp;Alireza Fathollahi ,&nbsp;Wael Fadi Al-Masri","doi":"10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104379","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104379","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Saline aquifers, the primary option for carbon dioxide (CO₂) storage, face a significant challenge in the form of salt precipitation from water evaporation during geological CO₂ sequestration. This salting-out phenomenon can alter reservoir porosity and permeability, impacting injectivity. While previous experimental studies have focused on how salt precipitation negatively affects CO₂ injectivity, research on mitigation strategies is less prevalent. This study, however, places a strong emphasis on investigating the intermittent injection of brine and scCO₂ as a potential mitigation strategy for salt precipitation in saline aquifers. The results of the experiments point to the significant potential of this method as a practical solution. Two high-pressure, high-temperature core flooding experiments were designed to look into how salt precipitation affects injectivity. The effect of formation water salinity was also studied, considering salinities of 2 g/L and 200 g/L. In the lower salinity experiment, no significant salt precipitation was observed at the end of the test. In contrast, the higher salinity experiment showed a 44 % decrease in CO₂ relative permeability at residual water saturation, manifested as an increase in differential pressure. Following the dynamic experiments, Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES) was performed on the effluent brine, revealing that geochemical interactions between the rock and fluids had a negligible impact on the outcomes. Additionally, the conditions of the plug samples before and after supercritical CO₂ (scCO₂) injection were analysed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), revealing visible NaCl salt crystals and accumulation within the pore space of the rock. Subsequently, two additional core flooding experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of intermittent injection of brine and scCO₂ on injectivity and mitigation salt precipitation. The injection procedure involves a continuous process of temporarily stopping scCO₂ injection, followed by water injection, and then resuming scCO₂ injection at the same rate. Two salinities, 200 g/L and 38 g/L, were evaluated for the intermediate injection. At a water salinity of 200 g/L, the CO₂ relative permeability at the end of the test decreased by 26 % compared to the endpoint of the first CO₂ injection period. In contrast, using a salinity of 38 g/L (seawater) resulted in a 22 % increase in CO₂ relative permeability. The findings of this study strongly suggest that the intermittent injection method is a highly effective solution for enhancing injectivity and mitigating salt precipitation, underscoring its importance in the field of CO₂ storage in saline aquifers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":334,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control","volume":"144 ","pages":"Article 104379"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143833902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the carbon neutrality pathway in the aluminum industry from the perspective of energy-environment-economy: A case study of Henan Province, China","authors":"Huijie Sun ,&nbsp;Shanshan Wang ,&nbsp;Yingying Zhao ,&nbsp;Hui Song ,&nbsp;Yuhang Wu ,&nbsp;Ruiqin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104375","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104375","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As the world's largest producer and consumer of aluminum, China's aluminum industry is facing enormous pressure to achieve the “Dual carbon” target. Exploring the carbon neutrality pathway for the aluminum sector at the provincial level is critical for achieving China's carbon neutrality target by 2060. This study established a GHG emissions inventory for Henan's aluminum industry (HAI) and analyzed the emission characteristics by LMDI method and Tapio model. Meanwhile, an integrated Energy-Environment-Economy analysis framework was constructed to explore the potential carbon neutrality pathway. The results showed that the total GHG emissions exhibited a trend of initially increasing and then falling over the past 17 years, driven primarily by product output effect and energy intensity effect, and the relationship between GHG emissions and the economy has not been completely decoupled in Henan. Scenario analysis indicated that comprehensive scenario with CCUS has the most significant emission reduction potential, achieving an 84 % reduction compared to business-as-usual scenario. However, GHG emissions are projected to remain at 5.47 Mt CO₂-eq by 2060, indicating that the aluminum industry is a hard-to-decarbonize sector, so more positive development and practical application should be accelerated. In the short term, clean power improvement and energy efficiency improvement should be prioritized. In the long term, recycled aluminum utilization improvement shows greater mitigation potential, which also shows better economic benefits. Finally, recommendations were proposed for carbon neutrality pathway for HAI.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":334,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control","volume":"144 ","pages":"Article 104375"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143829635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CO2 plume monitoring and injection optimization based on pathlines, source clouds and time clouds: Field application at the Illinois Basin-Decatur carbon sequestration project","authors":"Ao Li,&nbsp;Hongquan Chen,&nbsp;Akhil Datta-Gupta","doi":"10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104374","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104374","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The performance of CO₂ injection in geological carbon storage projects can be significantly influenced by the effects of gravity and subsurface heterogeneity, making effective monitoring and optimization essential. While streamlines are widely used to visualize fluid flow, they rely on instantaneous velocity fields and cannot account for dynamic conditions. To overcome this, we propose novel tools—pathlines, source clouds (streaklines), and time clouds (timelines)—to track CO₂ movement across varying flow fields, particularly during the post-injection stage when gravity effects dominate. These tools serve as a foundation for optimizing injection strategies to enhance storage efficiency.</div><div>Pathlines trace the trajectories of CO₂ particles over time, capturing dynamic flow field changes. Streaklines and timelines extend this by visualizing all particles emitted from a point or at a specific time, represented as source and time clouds in 3D. These tools enable precise visualization of CO₂ movement in the reservoir, critical for optimizing storage efficiency. Our optimization framework identifies optimal injection rates by equalizing arrival times, maximizing storage efficiency under operational constraints. Using analytical sensitivities, a sequential quadratic programming (SQP) algorithm minimizes arrival time variance from the perforation zones, providing a comprehensive and effective strategy for CO₂ injection optimization.</div><div>Applied to the Illinois Basin-Decatur Project (IBDP), our methods demonstrate improved plume visualization and optimization. Pathlines accurately represent plume distribution, while source and time clouds capture movement from perforations and front propagation. Optimizing injection rates across three perforation zones increased storage efficiency by 10.4 %, showcasing the effectiveness of this approach in advancing geological carbon storage projects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":334,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control","volume":"144 ","pages":"Article 104374"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143816737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A qualitative analysis of key stakeholders' perception of CCS and its value chain in a Danish North Sea storage context – through a socio-economic lens","authors":"Susanne Tolstrup ,&nbsp;Jacob Ladenburg ,&nbsp;Simon Lex","doi":"10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104363","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104363","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This socio-economic study explores the key considerations and challenges related to implementing Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) in Denmark. The research leans on a content analysis based on qualitative data and utilises a methodology that includes in-depth semi-structured interviews with 18 key stakeholders, including Green NGOs, industry/emitters, trade and interest organisations, authorities, and climate experts. The interviews were conducted between 2022 and early 2023 to capture diverse perspectives and interests within the CCS domain. The research findings are grouped thematically into six main areas of interest: Economics, Environment, Health and Safety, Regulation, Technology, and Social Acceptance of CCS. The study highlights the significance of factors such as general trust in the technology, economic viability, regulatory frameworks, environmental impact assessments, safety and health concerns, technology integration, and social acceptance of CCS. The diverse perspectives and interests of the interviewed stakeholders emphasise the socio-economic complexity involved in implementing CCS in Denmark. The qualitative approach adopted in this research allowed for a narrative-based comprehensive exploration of the socio-economic dimensions of CCS. The study fills existing literature gaps within the Danish context, providing a nuanced understanding of the considerations and challenges associated with CCS. The results offer valuable guidance for policymakers, industry professionals, and researchers seeking to develop a sustainable CCS value chain in Denmark from a socio-economic perspective.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":334,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control","volume":"144 ","pages":"Article 104363"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143776888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CO2 transport and storage potential in the Caribbean Sea, Colombia","authors":"Lorena Suárez Bermúdez ,&nbsp;Luis Ramirez Camargo ,&nbsp;Edgar Yáñez ,&nbsp;Filip Neele ,&nbsp;André Faaij","doi":"10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104361","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104361","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) can be a decarbonisation alternative for heavy industry and fossil fuel power plants in the Caribbean region in Colombia. This study assesses the techno-economic potential of transporting and storing CO₂ in the Colombian Caribbean Offshore. A methodological framework was developed to estimate the geological CO₂ storage potential on a basin scale as well as the associated transport and storage costs. The results show that Guajira Basin is the most suitable for CO₂ storage in the study area, with estimated storage resources of 3.2 Gt in the most promising areas. These resources exceed Colombia's yearly emissions, related to industry and power generation, by a factor of 177, indicating ample CO₂ storage potential.</div><div>The transport and storage costs range between 3.2 and 48 €/tCO₂ depending on the transport option, CO₂ flow rate, source-to-sink distance and type of sink (gas reservoir or aquifer). Shipping is the most expensive alternative among the transport options but can compete with offshore pipelines when distances are longer than 400 km and for 2.5 Mtpa of transported CO₂. This study provides valuable data to industrial emitters and policymakers about the potential of CCS in mitigating emissions in the Caribbean region's heavy industry and power sector, as well as the technology potential in a large-scale deployment scenario.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":334,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control","volume":"144 ","pages":"Article 104361"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143739177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The advantages of reheated and intercooled gas turbines for combined cycles with post-combustion CO2 capture and storage","authors":"Andrea Zelaschi,&nbsp;Davide Bonalumi,&nbsp;Paolo Chiesa,&nbsp;Emanuele Martelli","doi":"10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104345","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104345","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the efficiency and economic performance achievable by combined cycles with post-combustion CO₂ capture, employing different strategies to increase the concentration of CO₂ in the flue gases. These expedients include reheating in the gas turbine expansion, intercooling of the compression, and supplementary firing at the inlet of the heat recovery steam generator. The power block is modelled by using GS, a software developed at Politecnico di Milano, and the models are calibrated against data from commercial gas turbines. The amine-based CO₂ capture and compression system are simulated with a validated model implemented in Aspen Plus software. The analysis shows that, compared to the standard H-class combined cycle, reheating and intercooling slightly improve the efficiency with and without CO₂ capture (rising from 63% to 63.6-64.4% without capture and from 55.5% to 56.1-57.1% with CO₂ capture). A further important advantage of reheating and intercooling is the significant (up to 10%) decrease in the plants' specific investment cost ($/kW), especially for CO₂ capture plants. The best option for efficiency and costs involves a combination of intercooling and reheating, achieving a 4.5% reduction in the cost of electricity compared to the H-class standard cycle. The introduction of supplementary firing, in addition to reheating, further lowers the specific plant cost but negatively impacts efficiency and the cost of electricity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":334,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control","volume":"144 ","pages":"Article 104345"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143697966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel efficiency-based, tiered carbon storage incentive approach for CCUS through CO2 enhanced oil recovery and storage","authors":"Abouzar Mirzaei-Paiaman ,&nbsp;Larry W. Lake ,&nbsp;Lorena G. Moscardelli","doi":"10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104362","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104362","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) through CO₂ Enhanced Oil Recovery (CO₂-EOR) supports energy production while reducing atmospheric CO₂ emissions. Economic profitability, not environmental effectiveness, typically drives operators’ decisions. The objective of this paper is to examine the relationship between economic and environmental benefits under various flood designs (continuous CO₂ injection and Water-Alternating-Gas (CO₂-WAG) injection scenarios) and economic conditions, proposing operational and policy solutions to simultaneously optimize both. Net CO₂ emissions and Net Present Value (NPV) serve as indicators of environmental and economic outcomes, respectively. We integrate a reservoir simulation, a life cycle emissions analysis, and an economic model.</div><div>Results show that continuous CO₂ injection maximizes environmental benefits. Without carbon storage incentives, economic and environmental gains are misaligned, with operators favoring practices that maximize net CO₂ emissions. A dynamic breakeven carbon storage incentive, sensitive to oil prices and CO₂ acquisition costs, is essential for alignment. Incentives below breakeven improve economic profitability with limited environmental gains. Operator responsibility for mitigating climate change, along with CO₂ availability, also influences this alignment. Uniform incentive systems, such as the 45Q tax credit system in the U.S., present challenges, often requiring unrealistically high incentives and tying total incentives to the volume of net CO₂ stored, rather than the actual environmental impact. To address these issues, we propose a novel alternative tiered, performance-based metric that directly links incentives to environmental outcomes through storage efficiency, defined as the amount of CO₂ effectively stored after accounting for upstream, gate-to-gate, and downstream emissions per barrel of oil produced.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":334,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control","volume":"143 ","pages":"Article 104362"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143683618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}