Infection Prevention in Practice最新文献

{"title":"Hand hygiene perceptions, preferences, and practices among hospital staff in the Dominican Republic in the context of COVID-19: a qualitative study","authors":"Christina E. Craig ,&nbsp;Charles D. Schnorr ,&nbsp;Cecilia J. Then Paulino ,&nbsp;Eulogia Cristina Payano ,&nbsp;Paloma Martínez Guzmán ,&nbsp;Carrie Ripkey ,&nbsp;Michael de St Aubin ,&nbsp;Devan Dumas ,&nbsp;Kathryn W. Roberts ,&nbsp;William Duke ,&nbsp;Ronald Skewes-Ramm ,&nbsp;Matthew J. Lozier ,&nbsp;Eric J. Nilles","doi":"10.1016/j.infpip.2024.100367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infpip.2024.100367","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Proper hand hygiene (HH), which includes sanitizing with alcohol-based hand rub (ABHR) (or handwashing with soap and water if ABHR is unavailable), is key for preventing healthcare-associated infections (HCAI), including COVID-19. Understanding drivers of HH is key to improving adherence.</p></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><p>This study aims to explore drivers and barriers to HH practice at two hospitals in the Dominican Republic in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic to inform development of HH behaviour change interventions.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We conducted in-depth interviews with 20 hospital staff during September 2021. We used the COM-B (capability, opportunity, motivation, behaviour) model to explore HH experiences and preferences. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, coded, and analysed using a thematic approach.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 11 parent codes and 27 sub-codes were identified, and 1145 coded segments were analysed. Use of handwashing with soap and water and/or sanitizing with ABHR was reported by all participants; handwashing was generally preferred. Participants expressed knowledge of proper HH methods (capability), but inconsistent supplies and lack of time presented HH challenges (opportunity). Interviewees described practicing HH to protect themselves and their families from COVID-19 and other infections (reflective motivation) or out of habit (automatic motivation).</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>By understanding and addressing underlying factors affecting HH, hospitals can decrease the risk of HCAIs. Our findings suggest that interventions implemented to improve HH in these hospitals should target motivation and opportunity. These findings informed a multimodal intervention to increase ABHR access and implement message-tested communications campaigns; end-point assessments will provide insights into the intervention's impact.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33492,"journal":{"name":"Infection Prevention in Practice","volume":"6 2","pages":"Article 100367"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590088924000313/pdfft?md5=7462c06c6d12f5d7885f3aacfee84fad&pid=1-s2.0-S2590088924000313-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140905788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbapenemase producing Enterobacterales at a large teaching hospital in Ohio: comparison to state surveillance and retrospective analysis of patient characteristics","authors":"Amanda Carroll ,&nbsp;Rebekah Carman ,&nbsp;Tammy Bannerman ,&nbsp;Preeti Pancholi","doi":"10.1016/j.infpip.2024.100366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infpip.2024.100366","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The presence of carbapenemase-producing carbapenem-resistant <em>Enterobacterales</em> (CP-CRE) around the world is increasing, particularly in healthcare settings. Surveillance testing for plasmid-mediated carbapenemase genes is necessary to tracking CP-CRE infections.</p></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><p>In the state of Ohio, surveillance of carbapenem-resistant <em>Enterobacterales</em> (CRE) began in 2018, and to the authors' knowledge data on these cases has not been published to date. This study analyzed data on CRE from a large teaching hospital in Ohio, and by the Ohio Department of Health Laboratory (ODHL).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Carbapenemase production was detected using mCIM, and plasmid-mediated carbapenemase genes were detected using rtPCR. Data was collected on 344 standard-of-care isolates from a large teaching hospital in Ohio, including data collected from chart review. Deidentified surveillance data on 4,391 CRE isolates was provided by the ODHL. Statistical analysis was performed using binary logistic regression.</p></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><p>While KPC was the most common carbapenemase gene (n=1590), NDM (n=98), VIM (n=10), IMP (n=39) and OXA-48 (n=35) were also detected in the isolates studied. <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em> and <em>Enterobacter cloacae</em> were the most common CRE, and carbapenemase genes were most commonly detected in <em>K. pneumoniae</em>. Inpatient hospital stays and long-term care were associated with CP-CRE and were more common in women.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Surveillance data shows that CP-CRE are present in Ohio, most commonly in <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em>. A better understanding of the prevalence of CRE, plasmid-mediated carbapenemase genes present, and the populations affected are important when tracking the spread of disease. Further study and surveillance of carbapenem-resistant organisms can provide a better understanding of their prevalence in the state.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33492,"journal":{"name":"Infection Prevention in Practice","volume":"6 2","pages":"Article 100366"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590088924000301/pdfft?md5=d0c24b68a06f947884147711cd29447a&pid=1-s2.0-S2590088924000301-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140905821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of postoperative skin disinfection with chlorhexidine on bacterial colonisation following shoulder arthroplasty surgery: a controlled randomised study","authors":"Ida Markström ,&nbsp;Karin Falk-Brynhildsen ,&nbsp;Margareta Bachrack-Lindström ,&nbsp;Gunilla Hollman Frisman ,&nbsp;Sara Mernelius ,&nbsp;Kristofer Bjerså","doi":"10.1016/j.infpip.2024.100365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infpip.2024.100365","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Surgical site infections are a significant threat to patient safety. Shoulder arthroplasty carries an increased risk due to foreign implants. Skin preparation in general is a key preoperative preventive intervention, and the use of chlorhexidine can have a prolonged effect on bacterial colonisation. There is a lack of evidence regarding whether postoperative disinfection has an impact on bacterial colonisation during the first 48 hours after surgery. Our hypothesis was that applying postoperative antiseptic with 5 mg/ml chlorhexidine in 70% ethanol would lead to reduced bacterial colonisation with <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>, coagulase-negative staphylococcus and <em>Cutibacterium acnes</em> around the surgical wound within the initial 48 hours after elective shoulder surgery, compared with the use of sodium chloride.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A single-blinded, controlled study was conducted at a county hospital in Sweden. Swabs from the skin were collected four times: at baseline, preoperatively, after the intervention and after 48 hours.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Our hypothesis was not confirmed. Although not statistically significant, the chlorhexidine group had a higher prevalence of bacterial colonisation of clinically relevant bacteria.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Our study could not confirm that postoperative disinfection with chlorhexidine reduces bacterial colonisation compared with sodium chloride. The results highlight the complexity of SSIs and the importance of evidence-based preventive skin preparation to ensure patient safety. Further research is needed, considering the study's limitations, to explore and evaluate the effectiveness of different skin cleansing solutions and preventive strategies in diverse surgical contexts.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33492,"journal":{"name":"Infection Prevention in Practice","volume":"6 2","pages":"Article 100365"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590088924000295/pdfft?md5=97fed633dd40f220e6b6359ba2e8decb&pid=1-s2.0-S2590088924000295-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140842675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hand hygiene compliance and improvement interventions in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: a systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Rbab M. Bajunaid ,&nbsp;Abduallah Saeed ,&nbsp;Muataz Bostaji ,&nbsp;Nada J. Farsi","doi":"10.1016/j.infpip.2024.100363","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infpip.2024.100363","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hand hygiene compliance among healthcare workers is crucial for preventing infections in healthcare settings. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the compliance of healthcare workers in the Eastern Mediterranean region with hand hygiene guidelines and synthesize evidence on the success rate of strategies to improve hand hygiene. Five electronic databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Scopus) were searched up to August 2020. Articles were included if they were conducted in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. A manual search was conducted for reference lists of included papers, and relevant additional references were reviewed. Two reviewers independently screened articles for inclusion, performed data extraction, and assessed quality. A meta-analysis was conducted to synthesize findings and determine the prevalence of hand hygiene compliance interventions. The search yielded 6678 articles. After removing duplicates and applying inclusion/exclusion criteria, 42 articles were included, of which 24 were meta-analyzed. The meta-analysis showed a compliance prevalence of 32% with significant heterogeneity (<em>I²</em>= 99.7% p &lt;0.001). Interventions using the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines were over two times more likely to improve compliance rates (OR= 2.26, [95% CI:(2.09 - 2.44)], <em>I²</em>= 95%, p&lt;0.001) compared to no intervention. Other interventions were close to two times more likely to improve compliance rates (OR= 1.84, [95% CI:(1.66 - 2.04)], <em>I²</em>= 98% p= 0.001). Approximately two-thirds of healthcare providers in the Eastern Mediterranean region were non-compliant with standard hand hygiene practices, highlighting the need for increased efforts, awareness, observation, and control policies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33492,"journal":{"name":"Infection Prevention in Practice","volume":"6 2","pages":"Article 100363"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590088924000271/pdfft?md5=9c87e9f732728fec18c03882419a1b05&pid=1-s2.0-S2590088924000271-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140402278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Workflows and locations matter – insights from electronic hand hygiene monitoring into the use of hand rub dispensers across diverse hospital wards","authors":"Christoph Senges ,&nbsp;Christiane Herzer ,&nbsp;Erlandas Norkus ,&nbsp;Marco Krewing ,&nbsp;Clara Mattner ,&nbsp;Leonard Rose ,&nbsp;Tobias Gebhardt ,&nbsp;Frauke Mattner ,&nbsp;Heide Niesalla","doi":"10.1016/j.infpip.2024.100364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infpip.2024.100364","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>While healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) affect approximately 3.2–6.5% of hospitalised patients in the US and Europe, improving hand hygiene (HH) could reduce HAI rates. Investigating HH is time-consuming and not always objective, and comprehensive, unbiased data is needed to develop effective strategies. Using electronic tools can provide new and detailed insights on the determinants of HH.</p></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><p>To evaluate location-dependent usage of wall-mounted dispensers (WMDs) and point-of-care dispensers (POCs) using an electronic HH recording system.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>In this retrospective study, hand rub volumes were anonymously recorded for 931,446 disinfections from 17 wards in nine German hospitals using the electronic monitoring system NosoEx®. Number of disinfections and rub volumes of WMDs/POCs by ward and room type were analysed.</p></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><p>Generally, WMDs were most prevalent. With &gt;3 dispensers per bed and &gt;20 disinfections per patient day, availability and use were highest in intensive care (ICU) and intermediate care (IMC), but here rub volumes from WMDs were lowest (∼2.0 mL). Although most dispensers are located in patient rooms (∼42%), they are more frequently used in hallways. In surgical ICUs, dispensers are often used in patient rooms, where contact with open wounds is common. About 3.6 mL of hand rub is used per disinfection in treatment rooms, the highest volume of all room types.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Dispenser use was dependent on location, room type, ward specialisation and workflow. Optimising the location of hand rub dispensers (HRDs)s is not the only solution to improve HH, but can help reduce inconvenience, achieve more ergonomic workflows and better meet user needs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33492,"journal":{"name":"Infection Prevention in Practice","volume":"6 2","pages":"Article 100364"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590088924000283/pdfft?md5=960105cca9dba38af1fd33a81f3a1a5d&pid=1-s2.0-S2590088924000283-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140350941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reducing catheter-associated urinary tract infection in high dependency unit: an eighteen-month quality improvement intervention study period","authors":"Waleed Abdulmotalib Mazi ,&nbsp;Mylene Bondad ,&nbsp;Maryam Althumali ,&nbsp;Turki Alzahrani","doi":"10.1016/j.infpip.2024.100362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infpip.2024.100362","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The urinary catheter usually leads to a catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) contributing to further morbidity and mortality. There is very limited data on the CAUTI incidence rate in high-dependency units (HDUs) in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The institutional CAUTI incidence rate in HDU was six times higher compared to the United States National Healthcare Safety Network (US–NHSN) in 2021.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To reduce 50% CAUTI incidence rate by the end of 2022.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>A prospective study was conducted in tertiary HDU from January 2022 to June 2023. A gap analysis was assessed between the hospital practices and the Society Healthcare Epidemiology of America/Infectious Diseases Society of America (SHEA/IDSA) basic recommendations. The Kotter and Rathgebers' changing behavior model was applied at the beginning of the project. Formal education and prevention of CAUTI were applied using the National Strategy Model. Surveillance and statistical data analysis were carried out using US-NHSN guidelines.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The overall CAUTI incidence rate declined from 7.07- to 3.57/1000 urinary catheter days despite of significant increase in the utilization ratio from 0.79 to 0.94 (<em>P</em> value 0.0001). The compliance rate of the bundle CAUTI prevention was improved and sustained above 90%. A CAUTI incidence rate reduction was observed following the combination of the changing behavior and SHEA/IDSA of CAUTI prevention models over 18 months.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>We assumed the combination of the changing behavior and the prevention models for a long period is useful in reducing the CAUTI incidence rate and possibly applied to reduce other healthcare-associated infections.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33492,"journal":{"name":"Infection Prevention in Practice","volume":"6 2","pages":"Article 100362"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S259008892400026X/pdfft?md5=5890ba01353ff38c15a2274ae463a4af&pid=1-s2.0-S259008892400026X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140350391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hand hygiene knowledge, attitude, and practice before, during and post COVID-19: a cross-sectional study among university students in the United Arab Emirates","authors":"Yehia S. Mohamed ,&nbsp;Anastasiya Spaska ,&nbsp;Gabriel Andrade ,&nbsp;Mohamed A. Baraka ,&nbsp;Hafiz Ahmad ,&nbsp;Sinclair Steele ,&nbsp;Eman Y. Abu-rish ,&nbsp;Eiman Mohamed Nasor ,&nbsp;Kowthar Forsat ,&nbsp;Hajar Jamal Teir ,&nbsp;Ibrahim Bani ,&nbsp;Debadatta Panigrahi","doi":"10.1016/j.infpip.2024.100361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infpip.2024.100361","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aims</h3><p>Hand hygiene (HH) is an essential practice to evade the transmission of germs and minimize community-acquired infections. This study assesses the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of HH and other health and safety measures before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic. in university students in the United Arab Emirates (UAE).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A cross-sectional questionnaire study was conducted between December 2022 and March 2023, targeting university students from all disciplines and study levels. A 44-item questionnaire was used which included student demographics, knowledge, attitude, and practice of HH, as well as the anticipated risk of COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. Participants consented before commencing the questionnaire, and the collected data were analysed using the student's t-test and ANOVA test, as required.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 378 responses were received nationwide, with a valid response rate of 98%. The HH knowledge revealed an average score of 62%, which was significantly higher in students with moderate family income. Additionally, the average attitude score was 74.7%, as measured on the Likert scale, and the score lacked any correlation with the other variables. HH practice showed an average score of 86.8%, which was correlated with the students' gender and field of study.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This study showed a moderate level of knowledge, a good attitude, and good practice around HH and other safety measures among the UAE's university students. Socioeconomic status, gender, and field of study influenced the study outcomes. This study highlights the need for effective awareness campaigns to reinforce students' health and safety, especially for male and non-health science students, in order to protect against communicable diseases.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33492,"journal":{"name":"Infection Prevention in Practice","volume":"6 2","pages":"Article 100361"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590088924000258/pdfft?md5=2d7b7b704abdf47dacd814f822ca45ff&pid=1-s2.0-S2590088924000258-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140553863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An outbreak of Burkholderia cepacia complex exit site infection among peritoneal dialysis patients caused by contaminated spray dressing","authors":"Lily Shui-Kuen Cheng ,&nbsp;Sandy Ka-Yee Chau ,&nbsp;Wai-Shan Chan ,&nbsp;Jonathan Hon-Kwan Chen ,&nbsp;Barry Kin-Chung Wong ,&nbsp;Kitty Sau-Chun Fung","doi":"10.1016/j.infpip.2024.100359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infpip.2024.100359","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Wound dressing is intended to provide a physical barrier from microorganisms. Spray dressing is convenient and can be applied to wounds of various contours. In July 2020, a cluster of four <em>Burkholderia cepacia</em> complex (BCC) exit site infections was identified among peritoneal dialysis patients in a regional hospital in Hong Kong. In response, our hospital infection control team conducted an epidemiologic investigation.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We conducted a retrospective cohort study of peritoneal dialysis patients with culture-confirmed BCC exit site infections from January 2011 to July 2020. Outbreak investigations, including case finding, molecular typing and post-outbreak surveillance, were performed.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>A substantial increase in BCC exit site infections has been observed since 2013, rising from 0.23 in 2012 to 1.09 episodes per 100 patient-year in 2015, with the number of cases in the first half of 2020 already surpassing the total from 2019. The potential source had been traced to a spray dressing introduced to exit site care in December 2012. <em>Burkholderia cepacia</em> complex was isolated from both the unopened and in-use sprays from the same lot. Multilocus sequence typing analysis confirmed their genetic relatedness. The spray dressing was subsequently removed from exit site care. Post-outbreak surveillance over two years showed a marked and sustained decrease in BCC exit site infection.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Water-based spray dressing can be a source of BCC causing wound infections. The use of contaminated spray dressing, especially in chronic wounds with proximity to indwelling catheters, may pose an inherent risk to patients.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33492,"journal":{"name":"Infection Prevention in Practice","volume":"6 2","pages":"Article 100359"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590088924000234/pdfft?md5=c76af1fce2fca4361fe4281f69a2c9c3&pid=1-s2.0-S2590088924000234-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140191167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biocide resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae: a narrative review","authors":"Pearl Ntshonga ,&nbsp;Irene Gobe ,&nbsp;Garesego Koto ,&nbsp;Jonathan Strysko ,&nbsp;Giacomo Maria Paganotti","doi":"10.1016/j.infpip.2024.100360","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infpip.2024.100360","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em> is among the World Health Organization's list of priority pathogens, notorious for its role in causing healthcare-associated infections and neonatal sepsis globally. Containment of <em>K. pneumoniae</em> transmission depends on the continued effectiveness of antimicrobials and of biocides used for topical antisepsis and surface disinfection. <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em> is known to disseminate antimicrobial resistance (AMR) through a large auxiliary genome made up of plasmids, transposons and integrons, enabling it to evade antimicrobial killing through the use of efflux systems and biofilm development. Because AMR mechanisms are also known to impart tolerance to biocides, AMR is frequently linked with biocide resistance (BR). However, despite extensive research on AMR, there is a gap in knowledge about BR and the extent to which AMR and BR mechanisms overlap remains debatable. The aim of this paper is to review and summarise the current knowledge on the determinants of BR in <em>K. pneumoniae</em> and highlight content areas that require further inquiry.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33492,"journal":{"name":"Infection Prevention in Practice","volume":"6 2","pages":"Article 100360"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590088924000246/pdfft?md5=58e2fb5790255f32f2fbc28373ed416f&pid=1-s2.0-S2590088924000246-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140275153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hand hygiene knowledge among nurses and nursing students–a descriptive cross-sectional comparative survey using the WHO's “Hand Hygiene Knowledge Questionnaire”","authors":"Per-Ola Blomgren ,&nbsp;Christine Leo Swenne ,&nbsp;Birgitta Lytsy ,&nbsp;Katarina Hjelm","doi":"10.1016/j.infpip.2024.100358","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infpip.2024.100358","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><p>To determine the level of knowledge and explore the difference of hand hygiene between nursing students and nurses.</p></div><div><h3>Background</h3><p>Annually, 3.8 million people in Europe acquire healthcare-associated infections, highlighting the importance of hand hygiene. Despite WHO's emphasis on the fact that greater hand hygiene knowledge correlates with improved hand hygiene compliance, several studies have shown knowledge gaps among nurses and nursing students regarding hand hygiene.</p></div><div><h3>Design</h3><p>Descriptive cross-sectional comparative survey.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A version of the WHO “Hand Hygiene Knowledge Questionnaire”, translated into Swedish, was used for data collection among nursing students in the first and last semester, and registered nurses from a university and associated hospital. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, and comparison between groups with Fisher's exact test, one-way ANOVA, and post-hoc tests (Pairwise Z-Tests, Tukey HSD).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The survey, conducted between December 2020 and January 2021, received responses from 201 participants, including 71 first semester students, 46 last semester students and 84 registered nurses, showing moderate (55.7% [50–74% correct answers]) to good (43.8% [75–100% correct answers]) knowledge levels. First-semester students scored lower (17.0 ± 2.1) than last-semester students (18.8 ± 1.8) and registered nurses (18.3 ± 2.1) out of 25 questions.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>It is necessary for all groups to receive proper education on hand hygiene knowledge and to have an educational program that does not separate the groups but combines them with continuing education, since the students will someday be influencing future hand hygiene knowledge as a peer, together with the nurse.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33492,"journal":{"name":"Infection Prevention in Practice","volume":"6 2","pages":"Article 100358"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590088924000222/pdfft?md5=56d7ef59019519d6b50c85708b4d0d74&pid=1-s2.0-S2590088924000222-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140276822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}