Infection Prevention in Practice最新文献

{"title":"Diabetes and MRSA Infections: A comparative analysis in an Indian tertiary healthcare setting","authors":"M. Sagiraju , R. Prasad , A. Gopi","doi":"10.1016/j.infpip.2024.100372","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infpip.2024.100372","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":33492,"journal":{"name":"Infection Prevention in Practice","volume":"6 3","pages":"Article 100372"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590088924000362/pdfft?md5=1ac03f80876b955eb6b47205a38d028f&pid=1-s2.0-S2590088924000362-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141139455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the detection of diarrhoea-associated RNA viruses in immunocompromised children in Iran","authors":"Shokouh Yasaie ,&nbsp;Seyed Dawood Mousavi Nasab ,&nbsp;Saeed Shams ,&nbsp;Atousa Ferdousi ,&nbsp;Hooman Kaghazian","doi":"10.1016/j.infpip.2024.100370","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infpip.2024.100370","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Gastroenteritis accounts for about 10% of the deaths among children, especially in immunocompromised children. Few studies on the prevalence of gastrointestinal infections caused by RNA viruses have been done in Iran. The aim of the study was to evaluate the detection of RNA viruses causing diarrhoea using a multiplex PCR.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Stool samples were collected from 130 paediatric patients with diarrhoea who had acute lymphocytic leukaemia, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and retinoblastoma. After RNA extraction and synthesis of cDNA, multiplex PCR was done to evaluate the presence of rotavirus, norovirus, astrovirus, and enterovirus.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>There were 9 (6.9%), 7 (5.4%), 3 (2.3%), and 6 (4.6%) cases of rotavirus, norovirus, astrovirus, and enterovirus detected, respectively. One case of co-infection with astrovirus and norovirus was observed.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This is the first report from Iran which identified the presence of common RNA viruses causing diarrhoea in immunocompromised children. Increased awareness of these viruses will enable healthcare professionals to improve strategies and policies to control spread and infection caused by these viruses.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33492,"journal":{"name":"Infection Prevention in Practice","volume":"6 3","pages":"Article 100370"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590088924000349/pdfft?md5=a5fc657e22a643e0f4fbd5f5b391dcf5&pid=1-s2.0-S2590088924000349-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141040501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Refining the hospitalization rate: A mixed methods approach to differentiate primary COVID-19 from incidental cases","authors":"M. Misailovski ,&nbsp;D. Koller ,&nbsp;S. Blaschke ,&nbsp;M. Berens ,&nbsp;A.M. Köster ,&nbsp;R. Strobl ,&nbsp;R. Berner ,&nbsp;P. Boor ,&nbsp;M. Eisenmann ,&nbsp;S. von Stillfried ,&nbsp;D. Krefting ,&nbsp;M. Krone ,&nbsp;J. Liese ,&nbsp;P. Meybohm ,&nbsp;G. Ulrich- Merzenich ,&nbsp;S. Zenker ,&nbsp;S. Scheithauer ,&nbsp;E. Grill","doi":"10.1016/j.infpip.2024.100371","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infpip.2024.100371","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>Until now, the Hospitalization Rate (HR) served as an indicator (among others) for the COVID-19 associated healthcare burden. To ensure that the HR accomplishes its full potential, hospitalizations caused by COVID-19 (primary cases) and hospitalizations of patients with incidental positive SARS-CoV-2 test results (incidental cases) must be differentiated. The aim of this study was to synthesize the existing evidence on differentiation criteria between hospitalizations of primary cases and incidental cases.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>An online survey of the members of the German Network University Medicine (NUM) was conducted. Additionally, senior clinicians with expertise in COVID-19 care were invited for qualitative, semi-structured interviews. Furthermore, a rapid literature review was undertaken on publications between 03/2020 and 12/2022.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>In the online survey (n=30, response rate 56%), pneumonia and acute upper respiratory tract infections were the most indicative diagnoses for a primary case. In contrast, malignant neoplasms and acute myocardial infarctions were most likely to be associated with incidental cases. According to the experts (n=6), the diagnosis, ward, and type of admission (emergency or elective), low oxygen saturation, need for supplemental oxygen, and initiation of COVID-19 therapy point to a primary case. The literature review found that respiratory syndromes and symptoms, oxygen support, and elevated levels of inflammatory markers were associated with primary cases.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>There are parameters for the differentiation of primary from incidental cases to improve the objective of the HR. Ultimately, an updated HR has the potential to serve as a more accurate indicator of the COVID-19 associated healthcare burden.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33492,"journal":{"name":"Infection Prevention in Practice","volume":"6 3","pages":"Article 100371"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590088924000350/pdfft?md5=d05b8ce62a69d3ddf2824c3d118a7cec&pid=1-s2.0-S2590088924000350-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141048005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adherence to Personal Protective Equipment practices during the COVID-19 pandemic: A pilot study","authors":"Taryn B. Amos ,&nbsp;Cameron Griffin ,&nbsp;Joshua K. Schaffzin ,&nbsp;Andrea Ankrum ,&nbsp;Felicia Scaggs Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.infpip.2024.100369","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infpip.2024.100369","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A direct observational pilot project of healthcare personnel (HCP) was conducted to validate a tool that measures personal protective equipment (PPE) adherence at a large pediatric institution. Overall unit PPE adherence for all moments ranged from 50–61%. Masking was the most adhered to PPE moment (100%); hand hygiene prior to donning PPE had the lowest adherence (13%). Using data from this standardized tool, researchers can evolve PPE standards to maximize their adherence, effectiveness, and ease of utilization.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33492,"journal":{"name":"Infection Prevention in Practice","volume":"6 2","pages":"Article 100369"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590088924000337/pdfft?md5=47a983ac4595bd9f3b177071acb21fe9&pid=1-s2.0-S2590088924000337-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141030637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of low-dose, high-frequency in situ simulation for preventing healthcare-associated infections – the STOP-HCAI pilot project","authors":"Akaninyene Otu ,&nbsp;Zoe Wellbelove ,&nbsp;Anda Samson ,&nbsp;Andrew Blackmore","doi":"10.1016/j.infpip.2024.100368","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infpip.2024.100368","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":33492,"journal":{"name":"Infection Prevention in Practice","volume":"6 2","pages":"Article 100368"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590088924000325/pdfft?md5=ca4f5d084c85450d2fbb86de6d2f8da4&pid=1-s2.0-S2590088924000325-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141048865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hand hygiene perceptions, preferences, and practices among hospital staff in the Dominican Republic in the context of COVID-19: a qualitative study","authors":"Christina E. Craig ,&nbsp;Charles D. Schnorr ,&nbsp;Cecilia J. Then Paulino ,&nbsp;Eulogia Cristina Payano ,&nbsp;Paloma Martínez Guzmán ,&nbsp;Carrie Ripkey ,&nbsp;Michael de St Aubin ,&nbsp;Devan Dumas ,&nbsp;Kathryn W. Roberts ,&nbsp;William Duke ,&nbsp;Ronald Skewes-Ramm ,&nbsp;Matthew J. Lozier ,&nbsp;Eric J. Nilles","doi":"10.1016/j.infpip.2024.100367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infpip.2024.100367","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Proper hand hygiene (HH), which includes sanitizing with alcohol-based hand rub (ABHR) (or handwashing with soap and water if ABHR is unavailable), is key for preventing healthcare-associated infections (HCAI), including COVID-19. Understanding drivers of HH is key to improving adherence.</p></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><p>This study aims to explore drivers and barriers to HH practice at two hospitals in the Dominican Republic in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic to inform development of HH behaviour change interventions.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We conducted in-depth interviews with 20 hospital staff during September 2021. We used the COM-B (capability, opportunity, motivation, behaviour) model to explore HH experiences and preferences. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, coded, and analysed using a thematic approach.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 11 parent codes and 27 sub-codes were identified, and 1145 coded segments were analysed. Use of handwashing with soap and water and/or sanitizing with ABHR was reported by all participants; handwashing was generally preferred. Participants expressed knowledge of proper HH methods (capability), but inconsistent supplies and lack of time presented HH challenges (opportunity). Interviewees described practicing HH to protect themselves and their families from COVID-19 and other infections (reflective motivation) or out of habit (automatic motivation).</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>By understanding and addressing underlying factors affecting HH, hospitals can decrease the risk of HCAIs. Our findings suggest that interventions implemented to improve HH in these hospitals should target motivation and opportunity. These findings informed a multimodal intervention to increase ABHR access and implement message-tested communications campaigns; end-point assessments will provide insights into the intervention's impact.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33492,"journal":{"name":"Infection Prevention in Practice","volume":"6 2","pages":"Article 100367"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590088924000313/pdfft?md5=7462c06c6d12f5d7885f3aacfee84fad&pid=1-s2.0-S2590088924000313-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140905788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbapenemase producing Enterobacterales at a large teaching hospital in Ohio: comparison to state surveillance and retrospective analysis of patient characteristics","authors":"Amanda Carroll ,&nbsp;Rebekah Carman ,&nbsp;Tammy Bannerman ,&nbsp;Preeti Pancholi","doi":"10.1016/j.infpip.2024.100366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infpip.2024.100366","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The presence of carbapenemase-producing carbapenem-resistant <em>Enterobacterales</em> (CP-CRE) around the world is increasing, particularly in healthcare settings. Surveillance testing for plasmid-mediated carbapenemase genes is necessary to tracking CP-CRE infections.</p></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><p>In the state of Ohio, surveillance of carbapenem-resistant <em>Enterobacterales</em> (CRE) began in 2018, and to the authors' knowledge data on these cases has not been published to date. This study analyzed data on CRE from a large teaching hospital in Ohio, and by the Ohio Department of Health Laboratory (ODHL).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Carbapenemase production was detected using mCIM, and plasmid-mediated carbapenemase genes were detected using rtPCR. Data was collected on 344 standard-of-care isolates from a large teaching hospital in Ohio, including data collected from chart review. Deidentified surveillance data on 4,391 CRE isolates was provided by the ODHL. Statistical analysis was performed using binary logistic regression.</p></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><p>While KPC was the most common carbapenemase gene (n=1590), NDM (n=98), VIM (n=10), IMP (n=39) and OXA-48 (n=35) were also detected in the isolates studied. <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em> and <em>Enterobacter cloacae</em> were the most common CRE, and carbapenemase genes were most commonly detected in <em>K. pneumoniae</em>. Inpatient hospital stays and long-term care were associated with CP-CRE and were more common in women.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Surveillance data shows that CP-CRE are present in Ohio, most commonly in <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em>. A better understanding of the prevalence of CRE, plasmid-mediated carbapenemase genes present, and the populations affected are important when tracking the spread of disease. Further study and surveillance of carbapenem-resistant organisms can provide a better understanding of their prevalence in the state.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33492,"journal":{"name":"Infection Prevention in Practice","volume":"6 2","pages":"Article 100366"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590088924000301/pdfft?md5=d0c24b68a06f947884147711cd29447a&pid=1-s2.0-S2590088924000301-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140905821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of postoperative skin disinfection with chlorhexidine on bacterial colonisation following shoulder arthroplasty surgery: a controlled randomised study","authors":"Ida Markström ,&nbsp;Karin Falk-Brynhildsen ,&nbsp;Margareta Bachrack-Lindström ,&nbsp;Gunilla Hollman Frisman ,&nbsp;Sara Mernelius ,&nbsp;Kristofer Bjerså","doi":"10.1016/j.infpip.2024.100365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infpip.2024.100365","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Surgical site infections are a significant threat to patient safety. Shoulder arthroplasty carries an increased risk due to foreign implants. Skin preparation in general is a key preoperative preventive intervention, and the use of chlorhexidine can have a prolonged effect on bacterial colonisation. There is a lack of evidence regarding whether postoperative disinfection has an impact on bacterial colonisation during the first 48 hours after surgery. Our hypothesis was that applying postoperative antiseptic with 5 mg/ml chlorhexidine in 70% ethanol would lead to reduced bacterial colonisation with <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>, coagulase-negative staphylococcus and <em>Cutibacterium acnes</em> around the surgical wound within the initial 48 hours after elective shoulder surgery, compared with the use of sodium chloride.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A single-blinded, controlled study was conducted at a county hospital in Sweden. Swabs from the skin were collected four times: at baseline, preoperatively, after the intervention and after 48 hours.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Our hypothesis was not confirmed. Although not statistically significant, the chlorhexidine group had a higher prevalence of bacterial colonisation of clinically relevant bacteria.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Our study could not confirm that postoperative disinfection with chlorhexidine reduces bacterial colonisation compared with sodium chloride. The results highlight the complexity of SSIs and the importance of evidence-based preventive skin preparation to ensure patient safety. Further research is needed, considering the study's limitations, to explore and evaluate the effectiveness of different skin cleansing solutions and preventive strategies in diverse surgical contexts.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33492,"journal":{"name":"Infection Prevention in Practice","volume":"6 2","pages":"Article 100365"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590088924000295/pdfft?md5=97fed633dd40f220e6b6359ba2e8decb&pid=1-s2.0-S2590088924000295-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140842675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hand hygiene compliance and improvement interventions in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: a systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Rbab M. Bajunaid ,&nbsp;Abduallah Saeed ,&nbsp;Muataz Bostaji ,&nbsp;Nada J. Farsi","doi":"10.1016/j.infpip.2024.100363","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infpip.2024.100363","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hand hygiene compliance among healthcare workers is crucial for preventing infections in healthcare settings. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the compliance of healthcare workers in the Eastern Mediterranean region with hand hygiene guidelines and synthesize evidence on the success rate of strategies to improve hand hygiene. Five electronic databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Scopus) were searched up to August 2020. Articles were included if they were conducted in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. A manual search was conducted for reference lists of included papers, and relevant additional references were reviewed. Two reviewers independently screened articles for inclusion, performed data extraction, and assessed quality. A meta-analysis was conducted to synthesize findings and determine the prevalence of hand hygiene compliance interventions. The search yielded 6678 articles. After removing duplicates and applying inclusion/exclusion criteria, 42 articles were included, of which 24 were meta-analyzed. The meta-analysis showed a compliance prevalence of 32% with significant heterogeneity (<em>I²</em>= 99.7% p &lt;0.001). Interventions using the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines were over two times more likely to improve compliance rates (OR= 2.26, [95% CI:(2.09 - 2.44)], <em>I²</em>= 95%, p&lt;0.001) compared to no intervention. Other interventions were close to two times more likely to improve compliance rates (OR= 1.84, [95% CI:(1.66 - 2.04)], <em>I²</em>= 98% p= 0.001). Approximately two-thirds of healthcare providers in the Eastern Mediterranean region were non-compliant with standard hand hygiene practices, highlighting the need for increased efforts, awareness, observation, and control policies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33492,"journal":{"name":"Infection Prevention in Practice","volume":"6 2","pages":"Article 100363"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590088924000271/pdfft?md5=9c87e9f732728fec18c03882419a1b05&pid=1-s2.0-S2590088924000271-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140402278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Workflows and locations matter – insights from electronic hand hygiene monitoring into the use of hand rub dispensers across diverse hospital wards","authors":"Christoph Senges ,&nbsp;Christiane Herzer ,&nbsp;Erlandas Norkus ,&nbsp;Marco Krewing ,&nbsp;Clara Mattner ,&nbsp;Leonard Rose ,&nbsp;Tobias Gebhardt ,&nbsp;Frauke Mattner ,&nbsp;Heide Niesalla","doi":"10.1016/j.infpip.2024.100364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infpip.2024.100364","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>While healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) affect approximately 3.2–6.5% of hospitalised patients in the US and Europe, improving hand hygiene (HH) could reduce HAI rates. Investigating HH is time-consuming and not always objective, and comprehensive, unbiased data is needed to develop effective strategies. Using electronic tools can provide new and detailed insights on the determinants of HH.</p></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><p>To evaluate location-dependent usage of wall-mounted dispensers (WMDs) and point-of-care dispensers (POCs) using an electronic HH recording system.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>In this retrospective study, hand rub volumes were anonymously recorded for 931,446 disinfections from 17 wards in nine German hospitals using the electronic monitoring system NosoEx®. Number of disinfections and rub volumes of WMDs/POCs by ward and room type were analysed.</p></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><p>Generally, WMDs were most prevalent. With &gt;3 dispensers per bed and &gt;20 disinfections per patient day, availability and use were highest in intensive care (ICU) and intermediate care (IMC), but here rub volumes from WMDs were lowest (∼2.0 mL). Although most dispensers are located in patient rooms (∼42%), they are more frequently used in hallways. In surgical ICUs, dispensers are often used in patient rooms, where contact with open wounds is common. About 3.6 mL of hand rub is used per disinfection in treatment rooms, the highest volume of all room types.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Dispenser use was dependent on location, room type, ward specialisation and workflow. Optimising the location of hand rub dispensers (HRDs)s is not the only solution to improve HH, but can help reduce inconvenience, achieve more ergonomic workflows and better meet user needs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33492,"journal":{"name":"Infection Prevention in Practice","volume":"6 2","pages":"Article 100364"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590088924000283/pdfft?md5=960105cca9dba38af1fd33a81f3a1a5d&pid=1-s2.0-S2590088924000283-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140350941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}