Infection Prevention in Practice最新文献

{"title":"Impact of supportive supervision visits on the availability of World Health Organization infection prevention and control core components in health facilities in Southwestern Uganda","authors":"Cozie Gwaikolo ,&nbsp;Bongomin Bodo ,&nbsp;Doreen Nabawanuka ,&nbsp;Michael Mukiibi ,&nbsp;Emmanuel Seremba ,&nbsp;Paul Muyinda ,&nbsp;Andrew Bakainaga ,&nbsp;Yonas Tegegn Woldemariam ,&nbsp;Christopher C. Moore ,&nbsp;Richard Ssekitoleko","doi":"10.1016/j.infpip.2024.100355","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infpip.2024.100355","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>In sub-Saharan Africa, the provision of infection prevention and control (IPC) measures are often limited by resource constraints.</p></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><p>To determine the association of supportive supervision activities with the availability of the WHO core components for IPC at health facilities in Southwestern Uganda.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We employed a before and after quality improvement study design. We conducted a baseline assessment of the availability of the WHO IPC core components and provided supportive supervision activities, which was followed by a second IPC assessment. We included health centers II-IV, which have increasing clinical care capacity, and regional hospitals.</p></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><p>Of 244 regional health facilities, baseline assessment occurred at 111 (45%) of which 23 (21%) were reassessed. The number of facilities in the Red (&lt;70%) category for each core component stayed the same or decreased at each facility type, but there was an increase from five to six health center III facilities scoring Red (&lt;70%) for PPE. The number of facilities in the Green (&gt;85%) category for each core component stayed the same or was increased at each facility type, but there was a decrease from four to two health center III facilities scoring Green (&gt;85%) for instrument processing. There was an increase in the median (interquartile range [IQR]) overall score for all facilities (65 [54–72] vs 75 [68–83], <em>P</em>=0.0001).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Supportive supervision activities were associated with improved availability of the core components of IPC at health facilities in Southwestern Uganda. PPE should be prioritized in health care facilities in Southwestern Uganda.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33492,"journal":{"name":"Infection Prevention in Practice","volume":"6 2","pages":"Article 100355"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590088924000192/pdfft?md5=63773e08ec431d08bb68602bdb2518e8&pid=1-s2.0-S2590088924000192-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140275036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stewardship: it's going viral","authors":"Abigail Jenkins ,&nbsp;Jubeyr Ahmed ,&nbsp;Andrew Bosworth ,&nbsp;I Michael Kidd ,&nbsp;Husam Osman ,&nbsp;Sowsan F. Atabani","doi":"10.1016/j.infpip.2024.100356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infpip.2024.100356","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Historically, antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) has considered the judicious use of antibiotics. AMS is widely adopted across Europe and the US; recently antifungal AMS is gaining momentum but antiviral AMS has been little described. Here we describe the introduction of AMS virology reviews at University Hospitals Birmingham (UHBFT); a novel concept and an opportunity to broaden the beneficial aspects of AMS to virology, termed anti-viral stewardship (AVS).</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>In June 2022, a UK supply issue with aciclovir injection (ACV IV) was announced. In order to review and preserve parenteral ACV for those in greatest need, UHBFT pharmacist and virologists implemented a specialist review for patients prescribed more than 48 hours of treatment. This review initially lasted 10 weeks and data was collected on the advice offered, whether it was accepted, and time required completing the review.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>AVS rounds halved IV ACV consumption, compared to pre or post intervention levels, with more than half of patients advised to stop or switch to oral therapy. Diagnostics and sampling guidance was offered in one quarter of reviews, whilst the remaining interventions were more stewardship focused. In almost all cases stewardship advice was readily accepted by clinical teams. Due to positive feedback from clinicians and its effective management of supply, the anti-viral stewardship (AVS) programme was re-introduced in June 2023.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Antiviral AMS rounds provide an opportunity to optimise sampling, diagnosis and improve patient management. Introduction of regular AVS at UHBFT are now well established and plan to be implemented in other hospitals.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33492,"journal":{"name":"Infection Prevention in Practice","volume":"6 2","pages":"Article 100356"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590088924000209/pdfft?md5=67e6537e6f6be35f70cd2e7f6c8de0bd&pid=1-s2.0-S2590088924000209-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140191166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occupational exposure to Hepatitis B virus, disease burden and pathways for postexposure prophylaxis management: recommendations for healthcare workers in highly endemic settings","authors":"Vivian Efua Senoo-Dogbey ,&nbsp;Lillian Akorfa Ohene ,&nbsp;Delali Adwoa Wuaku","doi":"10.1016/j.infpip.2024.100354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infpip.2024.100354","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) was recognized many decades ago as an important occupational hazard for Health Care Workers (HCWs) globally. HCWs who are directly involved in patient care and are in continuous contact with blood or body fluids have an increased risk of occupationally acquiring the virus. The risk of HCWs in highly endemic areas is greater due to the greater prevalence of infection in the general population. Recommendations are available to guide HBV prevention activities or practices among HCWs. These include the use of the hepatitis B vaccine as a preexposure prophylaxis and the use of hepatitis B immunoglobulin alone or hepatitis B immunoglobulin plus the vaccine as postexposure prophylaxis. The uptake of preexposure prophylaxis has been observed to be low in resource-poor settings where the disease is highly endemic. Postexposure prophylaxis has become the remedy for preventing occupational transmission of HBV in these settings.</p><p>This review aimed to summarize the available evidence on the risk of transmission of HBV infection, the burden of infection and recommendations for pre- and postexposure prophylaxis for the prevention of occupational acquisition of HBV among HCWs. We conducted a narrative review to summarize the evidence available on the recommended steps of HBV exposure management and the utilization of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) for HBV. A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Africa Journals Online (AJOL) databases. The keywords used were hepatitis B, hepatitis B virus postexposure prophylaxis, occupational exposures, and recommendations for postexposure to hepatitis B virus. We gleaned evidence from the literature sources and summarized the concepts related to exposure forms, postexposure prophylaxis management pathways and recommendations for the utilization of postexposure prophylaxis among exposed healthcare workers.</p><p>From the synthesis of evidence, we conclude that HBV infection is a life-threatening condition. However, the disease is preventable by using the HBV vaccine as a preexposure prophylaxis measure. An effective postexposure prophylaxis management program is also available, and the last resort to preventing occupational transmission of HBV among HCWs who non-responders are, or who fail to vaccinate completely against HBV. Irrespective of the availability of these lifesaving interventions, the use of pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis among HCWs in highly endemic regions is suboptimal. Many barriers operating at the individual HCW and health facility levels have been identified as impacting the successful use of HBV preventive measures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33492,"journal":{"name":"Infection Prevention in Practice","volume":"6 2","pages":"Article 100354"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590088924000180/pdfft?md5=7888ecc92290368e439aaca01451b9e7&pid=1-s2.0-S2590088924000180-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140195759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infection prevention control in practice: a survey of healthcare professionals' knowledge and experiences","authors":"Isabella Centeleghe ,&nbsp;Philip Norville ,&nbsp;Jean-Yves Maillard ,&nbsp;Louise Hughes","doi":"10.1016/j.infpip.2024.100357","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infpip.2024.100357","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Laboratory experiments are crucial in understanding efficacy of disinfectant products, but without compliance and appropriate application, the effectiveness of products is compromised. This study aims to understand current perceptions and knowledge of healthcare professionals (HCPs) to common cleaning and disinfection routines and microbial contamination, including biofilms, in healthcare environments.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>An online survey, including open and closed questions, was developed. Non-probability convenience and purposive sampling were used: those currently or previously in a healthcare profession were eligible. Survey responses were taken over 24 months, including the COVID-19 pandemic.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>137 participants completed the survey; over 50% were nurses. Surface cleaning frequency increased post COVID-19 from ‘twice a day’ to ‘three/more times a day’. Disinfection frequency reduced from ‘between every patient’ before COVID-19 to ‘twice a day’ afterwards. A multimethod approach to cleaning and disinfection (70.8%) was predominant when considering the best method to deliver infection control. Most areas of clinical settings were identified as high risk (13/19). Most (87.6%) participants had heard the term ‘biofilm’, mainly at conference/study days (60%). 39.1% said they were aware of dry surface biofilms (DSB) in the healthcare environment.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>There remain mixed views on surface cleaning and disinfection within healthcare. Education is important for understanding microbial contamination and tackling problems. More people than expected had heard the term DSB. Infection control practices seemed consistent across responses, however whether this is reality is unknown. This study provides an initial insight into current opinions/knowledge of HCPs and can form basis for further in-depth investigation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33492,"journal":{"name":"Infection Prevention in Practice","volume":"6 2","pages":"Article 100357"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590088924000210/pdfft?md5=fa12b81c6a82d71b76fbf0816451b4d5&pid=1-s2.0-S2590088924000210-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140283074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 for COVID-19 outbreak detection in hospital: a single-centre prospective study","authors":"Prachi Ray ,&nbsp;Bryant Lim ,&nbsp;Katarina Zorcic ,&nbsp;Jennie Johnstone ,&nbsp;Aaron Hinz ,&nbsp;Alexandra M.A. Hicks ,&nbsp;Alex Wong ,&nbsp;Derek R. MacFadden ,&nbsp;Caroline Nott ,&nbsp;Lucas Castellani ,&nbsp;Rees Kassen ,&nbsp;Michael Fralick","doi":"10.1016/j.infpip.2024.100353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infpip.2024.100353","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":33492,"journal":{"name":"Infection Prevention in Practice","volume":"6 2","pages":"Article 100353"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590088924000179/pdfft?md5=98cca928b2d622f2d55c43fa92a8e802&pid=1-s2.0-S2590088924000179-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140134029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of taurolidine on the time-to-positivity of blood cultures","authors":"C.H. van den Bosch ,&nbsp;J.E.P. Moree ,&nbsp;S. Peeters ,&nbsp;M. Lankheet ,&nbsp;A.F.W. van der Steeg ,&nbsp;M.H.W.A. Wijnen ,&nbsp;M.D. van de Wetering ,&nbsp;J.T. van der Bruggen","doi":"10.1016/j.infpip.2024.100352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infpip.2024.100352","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Taurolidine containing lock solutions (TL) are a promising method for the prevention of central line associated bloodstream infections. Per accident, the TL may not always be aspirated from the central venous catheter (CVC) before blood cultures are obtained. The TL could, unintentionally, end up in a blood culture vial, possibly altering the results. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the TLs on the detection of microbial growth in blood culture vials.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Different lock solutions (taurolidine-citrate-heparin (TCHL), taurolidine, heparin, citrate or NaCl) were added to BD BACTEC^TM blood culture vials (Plus Aerobic/F, Lytic/10 Anaerobic/F or Peds Plus/F) before spiking with <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (ATCC 29213 or a clinical strain) or <em>Escherichia coli</em> (ATCC 25922 or a clinical strain) in the presence and absence of blood. Subsequently, blood culture vials were incubated in the BD BACTEC FX instrument with Time-to-positivity (TTP) as primary outcome. In addition, the effect of the TCHL on a variety of other micro-organisms was tested.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>In the presence of taurolidine, the TTP was considerably delayed or vials even remained negative as compared to vials containing heparin, citrate or NaCl. This effect was dose-dependent. The delayed TTP was much less pronounced in the presence of blood, but still notable.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This study stresses the clinical importance of discarding TLs from the CVC before obtaining a blood culture.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33492,"journal":{"name":"Infection Prevention in Practice","volume":"6 2","pages":"Article 100352"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590088924000167/pdfft?md5=25754565e2c56c4b9d5e99e5f9fda658&pid=1-s2.0-S2590088924000167-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140113146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Status of infection prevention and control (IPC) as per the WHO standardised Infection Prevention and Control Assessment Framework (IPCAF) tool: existing evidence and its implication","authors":"Akeza Awealom Asgedom","doi":"10.1016/j.infpip.2024.100351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infpip.2024.100351","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Healthcare settings have a high prevalence of infectious agents. This narrative review examines the existing evidence regarding infection prevention and control (IPC) using the WHO Infection Prevention and Control Assessment Framework (IPCAF) tool in healthcare facilities. A total of 13 full length papers from Africa, Asia and Europe were considered for this review. The findings showed that there are discrepancies in the IPCAF values from insufficient to advanced level. The current review shows an advanced IPCAF level in middle income and high income countries. Low income countries showed a lower IPCAF score. There is a need to enhance the IPC capacity building and to supply infection prevention resources to prevent healthcare associated infection (HAI) with a focus on low income countries.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33492,"journal":{"name":"Infection Prevention in Practice","volume":"6 2","pages":"Article 100351"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590088924000155/pdfft?md5=78c78745f3a70e9d2a5cc64607222b7b&pid=1-s2.0-S2590088924000155-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140031108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prescribing patterns of antimicrobials according to the WHO AWaRe classification at a tertiary referral hospital in the southern highlands of Tanzania","authors":"Anthony Nsojo ,&nbsp;Lutengano George ,&nbsp;Davance Mwasomola ,&nbsp;Joseph Tawete ,&nbsp;Christopher H. Mbotwa ,&nbsp;Clement N. Mweya ,&nbsp;Issakwisa Mwakyula","doi":"10.1016/j.infpip.2024.100347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infpip.2024.100347","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Antimicrobial consumption continues to rise globally and contributes to the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance. This study aimed to evaluate antimicrobial prescribing patterns in a selected tertiary hospital in Tanzania.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This cross-sectional study was conducted for one year (September 2021–September 2022) at Mbeya Zonal Referral Hospital, a public hospital in the southern highlands zone of Tanzania. Data on clinical diagnosis, laboratory tests, prescribed antimicrobials, and prescribers' designations were collected through a custom eMedical system, aligning antimicrobials with the WHO's 2021 AWaRe classification. Descriptive analysis was performed to assess the pattern of antimicrobial prescriptions.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Of 2,293 antimicrobial prescriptions, 62.41% were ACCESS, 37.42% were WATCH, and 0.17% fell in the RESERVE categories. Metronidazole, accounting for 23.8%, was the most commonly prescribed antimicrobial. More than 50% of the ACCESS and WATCH prescriptions were justified by laboratory diagnosis and were predominantly prescribed by clinicians. A very small proportion of prescriptions (&lt;1%) were informed by culture and sensitivity (C/S) testing. The Paediatric department had the majority of WATCH prescriptions (72.2%).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The prescribing patterns at the study hospital generally align with WHO AWaRe guidelines, potentially mitigating antimicrobial resistance. Nevertheless, the scarcity of culture and sensitivity testing is a concern that warrants targeted improvement.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33492,"journal":{"name":"Infection Prevention in Practice","volume":"6 2","pages":"Article 100347"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590088924000118/pdfft?md5=338d9270a948324c5a41ac067967b050&pid=1-s2.0-S2590088924000118-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139749522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of daily octenidine skin washing versus nonwashing on antiseptic tolerance of coagulase-negative staphylococci in two neonatal intensive care units with different skin cleansing practices","authors":"Heather Felgate ,&nbsp;Charlotte Quinn ,&nbsp;Ben Richardson ,&nbsp;Carol Hudson ,&nbsp;Dheeraj Sethi ,&nbsp;Sam Oddie ,&nbsp;Paul Clarke ,&nbsp;Mark A. Webber","doi":"10.1016/j.infpip.2024.100344","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infpip.2024.100344","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>There is wide variation in practices regarding routine bathing/washing of babies in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). Evidence is lacking as to the benefit of routine antiseptic washes for reducing infection. We aimed to compare the antiseptic tolerance of Coagulase Negative Staphylococci (CoNS) within two UK NICUs with very different approaches to skin washing.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We compared antiseptic susceptibility of CoNS isolated from skin swabs of neonates admitted to the Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital (NNUH) NICU in December 2017–March 2018 with those isolated in the Bradford Royal Infirmary (BRI) NICU in January–March 2020. The NNUH does not practise routine whole-body washing whereas BRI practises daily whole-body washing from post-menstrual age 27 weeks using Octenisan wash lotion (0.3% octenidine; 1 minute contact time before washing off with sterile water). A total of 78 CoNS isolates from BRI and 863 from the NNUH were tested for susceptibility against the antiseptics octenidine (OCT) and chlorhexidine (CHX).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Isolates from the BRI with practice of routine washing did not show increased antiseptic tolerance to OCT or CHX. Isolates from the NNUH which does not practise routine whole-body washing and rarely uses octenidine, were comparatively less susceptible to both CHX and OCT antiseptics.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Daily whole-body skin washing with OCT does not appear to select for CoNS isolates that are antiseptic tolerant towards OCT and CHX. There remains considerable uncertainty about the impact of different antiseptic regimes on neonatal skin microbiota, the benefit of routine washing, and the development of antiseptic tolerance in the NICU.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33492,"journal":{"name":"Infection Prevention in Practice","volume":"6 1","pages":"Article 100344"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590088924000088/pdfft?md5=cdbef930b0799ca11bafc61f2c9837c0&pid=1-s2.0-S2590088924000088-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139687312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of brushing efficiency in reducing oral microbiota in mechanically ventilated patients admitted to an intensive care unit","authors":"Thainah Bruna Santos Zambrano ,&nbsp;Ximena Sayonara Guillén Vivas ,&nbsp;Caísa Batista Santos ,&nbsp;Viviane de Fátima Mestre ,&nbsp;Naga Raju Maddela ,&nbsp;Lucia Elena Galarza Santana ,&nbsp;Ricardo Sergio Couto de Almeida","doi":"10.1016/j.infpip.2024.100346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infpip.2024.100346","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) are at greater risk of developing nosocomial infections due to their investigations, treatment and changes in the immune system. One of the most prevalent nosocomial infections is respiratory tract infection, such as hospital acquired pneumonia and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). The bacteria commonly found in the oral cavity in the hospital environment are <em>Streptococcus viridians</em>, <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>, <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em>, <em>Enterococcus</em> spp., and <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em>. There is a need to test and define appropriate standard protocols for oral hygiene in patients undergoing mechanical ventilation in ICUs through the intervention of a dental specialist, preventing the proliferation of microorganisms into the respiratory tract, thus reducing hospitalization time, the use of antibiotics, and increased morbidity/mortality. <strong>Objective</strong>: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of dental brushing in the reduction of the pathogenic buccal microbiota associated with mechanical ventilation in patients admitted to the Evangelical Hospital from Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.</p></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><p>The sample consisted of 90 patients (of both sexes), mean age of 65 years, under mechanical ventilation by orotracheal tube and tracheostomized patients, without suspected or confirmed diagnosis of pneumonia. Patients were randomized ∗∗∗</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Results showed that oral hygiene using a toothbrush by suction, with chlorhexidine gel 0.12% (Group B), was more effective than conventional hygiene using gauze soaked with chlorhexidine 0.12% (Group A) in reducing pathogenic buccal microbiota.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>There was a reduction of the pathogenic buccal microbiota in mechanically ventilated patients receiving oral hygiene using a toothbrush by suction with chlorhexidine gel 0.12% (Group B)</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33492,"journal":{"name":"Infection Prevention in Practice","volume":"6 1","pages":"Article 100346"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590088924000106/pdfft?md5=5fed8c8aa5d8da441aca294872cfdd57&pid=1-s2.0-S2590088924000106-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139733176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}