Infection Prevention in Practice最新文献

{"title":"Using the interquartile range in infection prevention and control research","authors":"Cynthia P. Haanappel, Anne F. Voor in ‘t holt","doi":"10.1016/j.infpip.2024.100337","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infpip.2024.100337","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":33492,"journal":{"name":"Infection Prevention in Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590088924000015/pdfft?md5=617a354114a5edbaf838fcfbaf531afb&pid=1-s2.0-S2590088924000015-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139457248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two versus three doses of COVID-19 vaccine and post-vaccination COVID-19 infection in hemodialysis patients","authors":"Laila A. Ahmed ,&nbsp;Hayam H. Mansour ,&nbsp;Salwa I. Elshennawy ,&nbsp;Marwa A.A. Ramadan ,&nbsp;Mohamed A.M. Kamal ,&nbsp;Soso S. Mohamed ,&nbsp;Omaima Mohamed Ali ,&nbsp;Amal H. Ibrhim","doi":"10.1016/j.infpip.2024.100338","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infpip.2024.100338","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and aim</h3><p>Patients with chronic kidney disease including those undergoing hemodialysis (HD) constitute a particularly challenging group regarding COVID-19 vaccination. The present study aimed to compare the rate of reinfection after two and three doses of Sinopharm COVID-19 vaccine in HD patients.</p></div><div><h3>Patients and methods</h3><p>The study included 80 HD patients who received three doses of Sinopharm COVID-19 vaccine. In addition, there were another 80 patients who received only two doses of the vaccine. Patients in the latter group were selected based on propensity matching score with 1:1 ratio. Patients were monitored for post-vaccination COVID-19 infection using PCR examination of nasopharyngeal swabs. Patients were also monitored for post-vaccination complications including general complaints (headache, fever, fatigue), injection site complaints (arm pain, swelling, itching, rash), musculoskeletal complaints (muscle spasm or pain, joint pain) and others. All patients were followed for six months.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The present study included 80 patients submitted to COVID-19 vaccination with two doses of Sinopharm vaccine (GI) and other 80 patients who received three doses of the same vaccine (GII). At the end of follow up, 11 patients (13.8 %) in GI caught COVID-19 infection. In contrast, no patient in GII had infection (<em>P</em>&lt;0.001). Comparison between patients who had COVID-19 infection and those without infection revealed that the former subgroup had significantly lower BMI (23.3 ± 2.3 versus 27.5 ± 8.1 Kg/m²), higher frequency of associated Hepatitis C (HCV) infection (54.6 % versus 2.9 %, <em>P</em>&lt;0.001) and higher serum ferritin levels [median (IQR): 1101.0 (836.0–1564.0) versus 675.0 (467.0–767.7) ng/mL, <em>P</em>=0.01]. Binary logistic regression analysis identified high serum ferritin levels [OR (95% CI): 0.014 (0.001–0.15), <em>P</em>&lt;0.001] and associated HCV infection [OR (95% CI): 0.99 (0.98–1.01), <em>P</em>=0.02] as significant predictors of post-vaccination COVID-19 infection in multivariate analysis.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>A three dose regime of Sinopharm COVID-19 vaccine associated with significantly lower rate of reinfection COVID-19 infection in HD patients. Infected patients had significantly lower BMI, higher frequency of HCV and higher ferritin levels.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33492,"journal":{"name":"Infection Prevention in Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590088924000027/pdfft?md5=96ab4ad641406aa02c1464b7728e9189&pid=1-s2.0-S2590088924000027-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139456276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of two sequential SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks on a haematology-oncology ward and the role of infection prevention","authors":"W.C. van der Zwet ,&nbsp;E.A. Klomp-Berens ,&nbsp;A.M.P. Demandt ,&nbsp;J. Dingemans ,&nbsp;B.M.J.W. van der Veer ,&nbsp;L.B. van Alphen ,&nbsp;J.A.M.C. Dirks ,&nbsp;P.H.M. Savelkoul","doi":"10.1016/j.infpip.2023.100335","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infpip.2023.100335","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Two SARS-CoV-2 nosocomial outbreaks occurred on the haematology ward of our hospital. Patients on the ward were at high risk for severe infection because of their immunocompromised status. Whole Genome Sequencing proved transmission of a particular SARS-CoV-2 variant in each outbreak. The first outbreak (20 patients/31 healthcare workers (HCW)) occurred in November 2020 and was caused by a variant belonging to lineage B.1.221. At that time, there were still uncertainties on mode of transmission of SARS-CoV-2, and vaccines nor therapy were available. Despite HCW wearing II-R masks in all patient contacts and FFP-2 masks during aerosol generating procedures (AGP), the outbreak continued. Therefore, extra measures were introduced. Firstly, regular PCR-screening of asymptomatic patients and HCW; positive patients were isolated and positive HCW were excluded from work as a rule and they were only allowed to resume their work if a follow-up PCR CT-value was ≥30 and were asymptomatic or having only mild symptoms. Secondly, the use of FFP-2 masks was expanded to some long-lasting, close-contact, non-AGPs. After implementing these measures, the incidence of new cases declined gradually. Thirty-seven percent of patients died due to COVID-19.</p><p>The second outbreak (10 patients/2 HCW) was caused by the highly transmissible omicron BA.1 variant and occurred in February 2022, where transmission occurred on shared rooms despite the extra infection control measures. It was controlled much faster, and the clinical impact was low as the majority of patients was vaccinated; no patients died and symptoms were relatively mild in both patients and HCW.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33492,"journal":{"name":"Infection Prevention in Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590088923000689/pdfft?md5=7466038e7cf7e8b5c8784978f19b7496&pid=1-s2.0-S2590088923000689-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139395497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating ethanol concentrations against Staphylococcus spp: a proposal for improving nosocomial bacteria control","authors":"Ferda Soyer ,&nbsp;Ozgun Oyku Ozdemir ,&nbsp;Bengi Polat ,&nbsp;Nil Hazal Ekenel","doi":"10.1016/j.infpip.2023.100336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infpip.2023.100336","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":33492,"journal":{"name":"Infection Prevention in Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590088923000690/pdfft?md5=0fb0f10b6d375400ca5f44f3187d30f8&pid=1-s2.0-S2590088923000690-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139100598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of COVID-19 vaccination on 30-day mortality after cardiac surgery – Insights from the Israel national registries","authors":"Orit Blumenfeld ,&nbsp;Alina Rosenberg ,&nbsp;Michal Reuven ,&nbsp;Inbar Caspi ,&nbsp;Erez Sharoni ,&nbsp;Dror B. Leviner","doi":"10.1016/j.infpip.2023.100334","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infpip.2023.100334","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>We compared the effect of perioperative COVID-19, before and after vaccination, on 30-day mortality after cardiac surgery.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Data was extracted from several national registries. The study period was March 1^st, 2020–March 31^st, 2022.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>2594 adult patients underwent cardiac surgery before the availability of a universal COVID-19 vaccine. 33 patients were diagnosed with COVID-19 prior to surgery (mean age 58.3±10.0, mean length of time 73.6±60.1 days) and 7 patients were diagnosed with COVID-19 0–14 days after surgery (age 66.4±7.6). These were compared to 4426 patients who underwent cardiac surgery after the availability of a universal vaccine: 469 patients were diagnosed with COVID-19 prior to surgery (age 62.1±10.1, length of time 175.8±158.2) and 32 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 0–14 days after surgery (age 60.8±14.5). In patients diagnosed with COVID-19 prior to surgery, there was no excess 30-day mortality either before or after vaccination (1 (3.0%) vs. 57 (2.2%), respectively, <em>P</em>&lt;0.8, and 8 (1.7%) vs. 87 (2.2%), respectively, <em>P</em>&lt;0.5). Patients diagnosed with COVID-19 after surgery, but before vaccination, had significantly higher 30-day mortality compared to COVID-19 negative patients (2 (28.6%) vs. 56 (2.2%) respectively, <em>P</em>&lt;0.0001). This excess mortality disappeared after universal vaccination (1 (3.1%) vs. 94 (2.1%) respectively, <em>P</em>&lt;0.7).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>COVID-19, when diagnosed in the early post-operative period, was a risk factor for mortality before available vaccinations, but not after vaccination was widely available. Pre-surgery screening and post-surgical isolation is essential until vaccines are available. This data may be useful for patient management in future respiratory pandemics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33492,"journal":{"name":"Infection Prevention in Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590088923000677/pdfft?md5=c10ed0d7499dbc9b783d9425729fb635&pid=1-s2.0-S2590088923000677-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138992715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surgical site infections post cesarean section and associated risk factors: a retrospective case-control study at a tertiary hospital in Kenya","authors":"David Odada ,&nbsp;Jasmit Shah ,&nbsp;Annastacia Mbithi ,&nbsp;Reena Shah","doi":"10.1016/j.infpip.2023.100333","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infpip.2023.100333","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Surgical site infection is a common healthcare-associated infection that affects maternal health, yet it can be prevented or controlled. Caesarian sections are most likely to develop surgical site infections. The rates of delivery by caesarian section in reported to be higher that the acceptable rates in some healthcare facilities. Risk factors for surgical site infections can be identified and modified to reduce the occurrence of surgical site infections. This study aims to determine the risk factors that contribute to surgical site infections post caesarian section in a tertiary teaching hospital in Kenya.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This was a retrospective case-control (1:2 matched) study conducted between 1^st November 2021 to 31^st October 2022 at a tertiary hospital in Nairobi. Data was extracted on surgical site risk factors as per World Health Organization's recommended preoperative measures, for both cases and controls. Descriptive statistics was used to summarize the variables and the Chi-squared test and Fisher's Exact test were used for group comparisons.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 1,262 caesarian deliveries were performed, 2.1% (27/1262) of which developed surgical site infections post caesarian section. The risk factors identified were not significantly associated with surgical site infection development (gestational age <em>P</em>=0.152, body mass index <em>P</em>=0.615, premature rupture of membranes <em>P</em>=0.253, and antibiotic prophylaxis <em>P</em>=0.108).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>There was no significant association of exposure to surgical site infection risk factors with surgical site infection despite a positive trend. Other prospective methods should also be used in addition to chart reviews to determine the level of effect each risk factor has on surgical site infection.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33492,"journal":{"name":"Infection Prevention in Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590088923000665/pdfft?md5=c6fdc6b1e2af1422c7026eacc28e7fdf&pid=1-s2.0-S2590088923000665-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139014023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute tenosynovitis following an accidental injection of Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) in a health care worker: A case report","authors":"Mieko Tokano ,&nbsp;Norihito Tarumoto ,&nbsp;Kazuo Imai ,&nbsp;Takuya Sekine ,&nbsp;Yasuto Omura ,&nbsp;Kosuke Uehara ,&nbsp;Shigefumi Maesaki","doi":"10.1016/j.infpip.2023.100332","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infpip.2023.100332","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Case</h3><p>A 36-year-old female healthcare worker with no past medical history, accidentally injected her flexed right middle finger with live attenuated <em>Mycobacterium bovis</em> bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). Swelling and erythema around the injured area appeared two days after the needlestick injury. She was referred to the hospital and presented approximately nine days after self-inoculation. Surgical debridement was immediately performed. After 38 days, colonies were observed on cultures of the removed tissue on Ogawa's medium. This isolate was identified as <em>M. bovis</em> BCG by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based on RD1 gene deletion. She had a history of BCG vaccination and her skin lesion appeared immediately after the accidental injection of <em>M. bovis</em> BCG. Therefore, in the differential diagnosis, the possibility that the lesion was an allergic reaction to BCG was considered. The subsequent culture results came back positive for <em>M. bovis</em> BCG and acute tenosynovitis caused by <em>M. bovis</em> BCG was diagnosed. The skin lesion was treated with anti-mycobacterial drugs and resolved.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>The allergic reactions to BCG should be considered in the differential diagnosis of skin lesions following BCG vaccination. It is important to promptly submit a specimen for culture as delayed initiation of appropriate treatment can lead to a poor prognosis. In patients with accidental injection of <em>M. bovis</em> BCG, it is important to consider timely surgical excision and appropriate antimycobacterial therapy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33492,"journal":{"name":"Infection Prevention in Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590088923000653/pdfft?md5=4c352417e491452ab180933e4513b1a1&pid=1-s2.0-S2590088923000653-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139015213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endogenous origin of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infecting hospitalized patients in Ecuador","authors":"Gabriela Vasco ,&nbsp;Mishell Achig ,&nbsp;Belén Prado-Vivar ,&nbsp;Maritza Páez ,&nbsp;Franklin Espinosa ,&nbsp;Evelyn Espinoza ,&nbsp;Danny Quinancela ,&nbsp;Paul Cardenas ,&nbsp;Gabriel Trueba","doi":"10.1016/j.infpip.2023.100331","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infpip.2023.100331","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Recent evidence suggests that <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em>, a bacterium that has the ability to cause deadly infections in hospitalized patients, could originate in the patient's own flora. We employed the Oxford Nanopore platform to obtain whole genome sequences (WGS) from clinical and rectal screen <em>P. aeruginosa</em> strains belonging to 15 patients from two hospitals. Our study found evidence that clinical and rectal isolates were clonal, with some evidence suggesting that the infecting strain was present in the patient's intestine at the time of admission, ruling out hospital acquisition. The use of WGS analysis is crucial to detect alternative sources of <em>P</em>. <em>aeruginosa</em> to develop new preventive measures against these serious infections.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33492,"journal":{"name":"Infection Prevention in Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590088923000641/pdfft?md5=e3ddb442a995c270cba15ce77ab833c6&pid=1-s2.0-S2590088923000641-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139023316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The PATH to PPE Mastery - Programme for Assessment and Training in HCID (High Consequence Infectious Diseases) PPE (Personal Protective Equipment), Mastery","authors":"Callum P. Mutch ,&nbsp;James Tiernan ,&nbsp;Oliver Koch ,&nbsp;Bozena Poller","doi":"10.1016/j.infpip.2023.100308","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infpip.2023.100308","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>High Consequence Infectious Diseases (HCIDs), have the potential to cause pandemics and require particular focus for preparedness due to their high mortality rates. The application of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) for HCIDs is complex and carries significant risk of Health Care Worker (HCW) contamination if done incorrectly. Previous reviews have reported a lack of information on the nature of training provided and the ideal timing of repeat training to best retain skills. Simulation Based Mastery Learning (SBML) is a methodology for skill acquisition which encompasses deliberate practice and repeated assessment until the learner achieves a pre-set Mastery standard. SBML has been demonstrated to improve competence, skill retention and patient outcomes in other clinical procedures. SBML has not been previously studied or utilised in HCID PPE training.</p></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><p>We aimed to increase the likelihood of safe clinical practice by evidencing that Lothian modified SBML for PPE effectively prepares our priority learners.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A quasi-experimental within group post-test design was used. Learners undertook a modified SBML programme which included two-hour asynchronous and two-hour synchronous components.</p></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><p>11 learners (10 infectious diseases registrars and 1 infectious diseases consultant) were enrolled in the programme with 8 completing all stages, all of whom achieved the Mastery passing standard. The resources were highly rated by learners with the exemplar videos of skills highlighted as particularly useful. Self-assessed preparedness for each skill increased following pre-learning and synchronous sessions.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Modified SBML can be used as an effective methodology for the training and assessment of HCWs in the donning and doffing of HCID PPE.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":33492,"journal":{"name":"Infection Prevention in Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590088923000410/pdfft?md5=cc70a810705f7e6e5b5632aea5561383&pid=1-s2.0-S2590088923000410-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135298319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"World Antimicrobial Resistance Awareness Week 2023: the overlooked challenges of antimicrobial stewardship","authors":"Gemma Winzor","doi":"10.1016/j.infpip.2023.100317","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.infpip.2023.100317","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":33492,"journal":{"name":"Infection Prevention in Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590088923000501/pdfft?md5=cfaec959c908d79093e51ca83ad76f71&pid=1-s2.0-S2590088923000501-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135765398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}