Jingkui Zhang , Yihang Liu , Jiapeng Chang , Miao Cui , Yi Fan , Yawei Wang
{"title":"Study on the steady-oscillatory transition of MHD natural convection in a three-dimensional cavity","authors":"Jingkui Zhang , Yihang Liu , Jiapeng Chang , Miao Cui , Yi Fan , Yawei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2024.108333","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2024.108333","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effects of external magnetic field on the steady-oscillatory transition of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) natural convection in a three-dimensional cavity are investigated. The flow and heat transfer equations under subcritical condition are solved directly by the self-developed SCM-ACM with high accuracy, which has characteristics of exponential convergence, global approximation, numerical stability, and simplicity derived from the spectral collocation method (SCM) as well as the artificial compressibility method (ACM). The critical Grashof number (<em>Gr</em><sub><em>cr</em></sub>) under the magnetic fields of <em>Ha</em> = 0, 5, 10 and 20 are predicted by analyzing both the temporal velocity and amplitude signals in the subcritical condition, in conjunction with the Richardson extrapolation method. Then, the critical parameters for the steady-oscillatory transition of the magnetic field parallel to the <em>X</em>-, <em>Y</em>-, and <em>Z</em>-axes are considered. By analyzing the distribution of temperature amplitude and velocity amplitude, and comparing the Lorentz force and buoyancy force in different magnetic field directions, the effects of magnetic field directions on the stability for MHD natural convection are explained. The amplitude in the subcritical condition is exponentially decayed with time, and the decay rate of the amplitude exhibits a strict linear relationship with the Grashof number. The critical Grashof number of the first bifurcation of for <em>Ha</em> = 0, 5, 10, and 20 are (3.423, 3.431, 3.466, 3.733) × 10<sup>6</sup> accordingly. The periodic circulation is characterized by self-sustained oscillations around the main circulation surface (<em>Z</em> = 0.5). The amplitude is larger near the isothermal walls and the four corners. Since the Lorentz force generated by the magnetic field <em>B</em><sub><em>Z</em></sub> is able to have an optimal stabilizing effect on the flow field in the main circulation surface, the steady state-oscillatory transition occurs at the higher Grashof number. At <em>Ha</em> = 5, the critical Grashof number of the magnetic fields <em>B</em><sub><em>x</em></sub>, <em>B</em><sub><em>y</em></sub> and <em>B</em><sub><em>Z</em></sub> are (3.512, 3.431, 3.557) × 10<sup>6</sup>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":332,"journal":{"name":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"159 ","pages":"Article 108333"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142653841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alireza Shadloo-Jahromi , Masoud Kharati-Koopaee , Omid Bavi
{"title":"Friction factor calculation by molecular-continuum hybrid approach for flow through superhydrophobic nanochannels","authors":"Alireza Shadloo-Jahromi , Masoud Kharati-Koopaee , Omid Bavi","doi":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2024.108359","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2024.108359","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Molecular-continuum hybrid method has been employed to reduce the computational cost and present the Darcy-Weisbach friction factor correlation of water flow through the nanochannels. In this study, the surface of nanochannel walls was modified with different patterns of nanocavity to achieve the superhydrophobic surfaces. Two patterns of longitudinal and transversal nanoridge with low relative module width were considered and the results are reported for various pillar surface fractions, Reynolds numbers, and relative module width. Using all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, the correlation for the Darcy-Weisbach friction factor of water flow through the nanochannels including superhydrophobic surfaces with low relative module widths was developed. The computational time required to employ full MD simulation was compared with that of employing the hybrid method, indicating that the proposed hybrid approach is an order of magnitude more efficient than the common MD approach. Due to the combined nature of the atomistic scale and the macroscale of the continuous section, the presented approach provides the possibility of investigating the fluid behavior in large-scale nanostructured channels in various applications including nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":332,"journal":{"name":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"159 ","pages":"Article 108359"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142653666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On the calculation of line-by-line absorption coefficients for gas mixtures using machine learning method","authors":"Yujia Sun, Chao Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2024.108337","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2024.108337","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High resolution spectral gas radiative properties are essential for atmospheric radiation research and applications. This study aims to evaluate the applicability of using a single neural network structure to train models to calculate high resolution spectral absorption coefficient for various gases within the same wavenumber range. The developed model is trained separately for ozone, carbon dioxide, and water vapor in the 2550–2650 cm<sup>−1</sup> range. The results show that the trained model is highly accurate for each gas, with root mean square errors smaller than 10<sup>−6</sup>. The mixture absorption coefficients, obtained by adding the contributions of the three gases, also agree very well with the reference method. This preliminary work demonstrates the applicability of a neural network-based line-by-line model for gas mixtures and suggests the possibility of developing a surrogate model that includes more gases and larger wavenumber ranges for atmospheric radiation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":332,"journal":{"name":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"159 ","pages":"Article 108337"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142653669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Probing the hydrothermal performance of corrugated channels: A numerical scrutiny","authors":"Anindya Nath, Hrishav Dey, Sukumar Pati","doi":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2024.108303","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2024.108303","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work delves into probing the hydrothermal performance of corrugated channels of trapezoidal, sinusoidal and triangular geometries for the flow of a non-Newtonian viscoplastic fluid. The study systematically examines the effects of Bingham number (<em>Bn</em>), power-law index (<em>n</em>) and Reynolds number (<em>Re</em>) on the hydrothermal performance quantified by average Nusselt number (<span><math><mover><mi>Nu</mi><mo>¯</mo></mover></math></span>), enhancement ratio (<em>ER</em>) and performance factor (<em>PF</em>). The recirculation zone size diminishes with increasing <em>Bn</em> and ceases to exist at higher <em>Bn</em> values. The value of <span><math><mover><mi>Nu</mi><mo>¯</mo></mover></math></span> decreases with an increase in <em>n</em> with the highest decrement of 14 % for the trapezoidal geometry as <em>n</em> increases from 0.5 to 1 at <em>Re</em> = 500. Over the entire range of <em>Bn</em>, trapezoidal geometry shows the best performance in terms of <span><math><mover><mi>Nu</mi><mo>¯</mo></mover></math></span> with 20 % increase over triangular geometry at <em>n</em> = 0.8 and <em>Re</em> = 500. The <em>ER</em> is evident predominantly within the lower range of <em>Bn</em> reaching a critical threshold (<em>Bn</em><sub><em>cr</em></sub>), which increases by almost 3.6 times with respect to the triangular geometry when trapezoidal geometry is used indicating better performance of trapezoidal geometry over that of a plain channel over a larger bandwidth of <em>Bn.</em> The variation in <em>PF</em> is intricately tied to the combined influence of geometrical and rheological parameters and the trapezoidal channel demonstrated superior performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":332,"journal":{"name":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"159 ","pages":"Article 108303"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142653659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Metallic hydrophobic surfaces: Fabrication methods and applications in water vapor condensation","authors":"Smile Kataria , Basant Singh Sikarwar , Pushpendra Kumar Singh Rathore , Sumant Upadhyay , K. Muralidhar","doi":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2024.108306","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2024.108306","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This review provides a comprehensive analysis of materials and methods for creating metallic hydrophobic surfaces and their application in water vapor condensation. It covers various techniques, such as low-energy material coatings, chemical etching, and physical texturing, for developing hydrophobic and superhydrophobic surfaces. The review evaluates physical, chemical, and hybrid approaches, focusing on replicating naturally hydrophobic surfaces and assessing key parameters like equilibrium contact angle, contact angle hysteresis, durability, and scalability. The ideal surface for condensation combines high thermal conductivity, a large equilibrium contact angle, and minimal hysteresis to promote efficient dropwise condensation. Despite significant advancements, challenges remain in the durability and scalability of chemical coatings and in achieving hierarchical roughness similar to lotus leaves. Continued innovation is necessary to improve fabrication methods for broader applications in water vapor condensation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":332,"journal":{"name":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"159 ","pages":"Article 108306"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142653840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Huu Linh Nguyen , Jongbin Woo , Younghyeon Kim , Sangseok Yu
{"title":"Analysis of control strategy of cooling system for dual-stack proton exchange membrane fuel cell system in heavy-duty truck","authors":"Huu Linh Nguyen , Jongbin Woo , Younghyeon Kim , Sangseok Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2024.108350","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2024.108350","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The heavy-duty trucking sector shifts towards hydrogen fuel cell vehicles to address CO<sub>2</sub> regulations. Effective temperature management is crucial for optimal performance and longevity of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). This study focuses on temperature control strategies for cooling systems in dual-stack PEMFC systems used in heavy-duty trucks. Three control strategies based on radiator bypass valve operation are introduced, each aimed at improving dynamic temperature regulation and minimizing parasitic power consumption under interval-steady and World Harmonized Vehicle Cycle (WHVC) conditions.</div><div>The results revealed that Strategy No.2, which controls the pump and bypass valve based on fuel cell temperature, deliveries the best temperature control with up to 46 % and 56 % lower Integral of Time-Weighted Absolute Error (ITAE) values under interval-steady and dynamic conditions, respectively, compared to Strategy No.1 (which controls the bypass valve using coolant inlet temperature) and Strategy No.3 (which keeps the bypass valve fully open). However, it also consumes 35 % more parasitic energy compared to the other strategies, highlighting the trade-off between temperature accuracy and energy efficiency. This study provides insights into selecting control strategies that balance these competing factors for improved system performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":332,"journal":{"name":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"159 ","pages":"Article 108350"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142653668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Numerical investigation of enhanced PCM melting performance using a thermally conductive fin in a pneumatic-based extrusion system","authors":"Chuan-Chieh Liao , Wen-Ken Li , Ming-Fa Hsieh","doi":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2024.108311","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2024.108311","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study conducts a comprehensive numerical investigation into enhancing phase change material (PCM) melting performance by incorporating a thermally conductive fin within a pneumatic-based extrusion system. The PCM is used in the liquefier chamber of additive manufacturing, where efficient heat transfer is essential for improving melting performance. The study evaluates the effects of fin addition, inclination angles, and varying heat flux inputs on the melting process. Key performance indicators, including the melting fraction and enhancement ratio, are used to quantify the influence of different configurations. Results indicate that adding a fin significantly accelerates the melting process by enhancing conduction and natural convection within the chamber. Higher input heat flux further enhances heat distribution and decreases melting time, indicating a proportional relationship with melting performance while affecting only the maximum temperature, not the final melting area in the enclosure. An optimal fin inclination angle of <em>θ</em> = 10° achieves a marked reduction in melting time compared to the finless configuration. An empirical correlation is derived to predict the time saved based on the fin inclination angle, optimizing the system. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing heat transfer, particularly in biomedical engineering, and offer a foundation for practical implementations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":332,"journal":{"name":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"159 ","pages":"Article 108311"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142653670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Influences of submerged V-broken rib geometry on the hydrothermal performance of vortex and engulfment flow regimes within a T-channel","authors":"Ebtihal A. Mukhlif, Waleed M. Abed","doi":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2024.108325","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2024.108325","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The current research presents a three-dimensional numerical study of detailed hydrothermal performance in a T-channel fitted with staggered V-broken ribs under laminar vortex and engulfment flow regimes (<em>Re</em> = 50 to 250) using CFD software tool FLUENT. Comprehensive parametrical investigations are executed to probe the influences arising from the geometrical parameters alterations of the V-broken ribs on the flow field and convective heat transfer characteristics in T-channel. A set of geometrical parameters involving, the orientation rib angles (<em>θ</em> = 30°, 45°, 60°), the pitch-to-outlet-channel width ratio (<em>p/W</em><sub><em>o</em></sub> = 1, 1.5, 2), the length-to-outlet-channel width ratio (<em>l/W</em><sub><em>o</em></sub> = 0.5, 0.75, 1), the height-to-outlet-channel height ratio (<em>h/H</em><sub><em>o</em></sub> = 0.2, 0.3, 0.4), and the staggered inclined rib arrangements (forward, backward, and mixed), are considered. With regard to all examined geometrical parameters, the presence of staggered V-broken ribs consistently enhances fluid mixing and convective heat transfer performance as compared with that without ribs. In addition, the findings illustrate that the V-broken ribs mounted on the bottom wall of the T-channel have approximately the same <em>PEC</em> at 45° and 60° orientation angles with a <em>PEC</em> of 2.23 at <em>Re</em> = 250. At <em>Re</em> = 250, the <em>PEC</em> improves by 40 % and 53 % in comparison to the standard T-channel for the 2 cm and the 4 cm of longitudinal pitch, respectively. Regarding, V-broken rib lengths of 1.5 cm and 1 cm, <em>PEC</em> shows similar trend and eventually reaches double, while the <em>PEC</em> for a 2 cm rib length is smaller than that of 1 and 1.5 cm. The results also exhibit that the smaller rib height of 2 mm gives higher <em>PEC</em>, approximately 2.15, in comparison to 3 mm and 4 mm. Finally, the backward V-broken rib arrangement provides the best <em>PEC</em> of the T-channel, around 2.42.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":332,"journal":{"name":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"159 ","pages":"Article 108325"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142653672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Investigating the effect of external magnetic field on preventing deposition process in wax/asphaltene nanostructure using molecular dynamics simulation","authors":"Jianguo Shao , Nawfel M.H. Al-Aragi , Dheyaa J. Jasim , Munthar Kadhim Abosaoda , Shirin Shomurotova , Soheil Salahshour , As'ad Alizadeh , M. Hekmatifar","doi":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2024.108340","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2024.108340","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background:</h3><div>A critical challenge in extraction and exploitation in the oil industry is the buildup of crude oil in surface tanks and transmission lines. This leads to the development of heavy organic compounds like wax and asphaltene, which can further result in sediment formation. This issue is particularly prevalent in oil facilities and transmission systems.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>To address this concern, a recent study focused investigating the effect of varying the frequency and amplitude of an external magnetic force on preventing precipitation in a Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@SiO<sub>2</sub>/wax/asphaltene nanostructure. This investigation was carried out using molecular dynamics simulation techniques. The results of this study indicate that after completing the molecular dynamics simulation, the kinetic energy of the analyzed structure reached the convergence point of 0.89 kcal/mol. Also, during the structural equilibrium phase, the total energy of the studied structure was stabilized at 32.34 kcal/mol, which indicated the stability obtained in the simulated system. This study showed that by increasing the frequency of external magnetic force from 0.01 to 0.05 fs<sup>−1</sup>, the viscosity value of the structure increased from 1092 to 1106 mPa.s. This occurred as the frequency of external magnetic force increased, reducing the agglomeration time in the structure from 8.61 to 8.43 ns. On the other hand, increasing the amplitude of external magnetic force from 0.1 to 0.5 T caused a significant decrease in the viscosity of the structure. It reduced it from 1092 to 1028 mPa·s.</div></div><div><h3>Significant findings</h3><div>Finally, this increase in the amplitude of external magnetic force produced a corresponding trend in the structure's agglomeration time, which increased from 8.61 to 9.03 ns. By optimizing oil flow in pipelines, the results of this study could have significant applications in the oil industry. The precise control of external magnetic forces can minimize the buildup of wax and asphaltene, which leads to a smoother and more efficient oil transportation process. Furthermore, by reducing the frequency of blockages and sediment formation, the need for maintenance and cleaning operations would decrease, ultimately lowering operational costs and enhancing the overall efficiency of extraction and transportation systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":332,"journal":{"name":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"159 ","pages":"Article 108340"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142653606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Performance analysis on a novel microchannel heat sink with secondary flow channels and staggered inlet and outlet","authors":"Lin Li , Yu-Peng Hu , You-Rong Li","doi":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2024.108347","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2024.108347","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For the sake of the decreasing temperature distribution nonuniform on the base of the microchannel heat sink, this paper proposes a novel microchannel heat sink with the secondary flow channels and staggered inlet and outlet unit to reduce the highest temperature on the base. The influences of the spacings between the inlet and outlet and between two secondary flow channels, and Reynolds number on the base temperature uniformity are studied numerically. It is found that the secondary flow can interrupt and rebuild the boundary layer of the main stream, and strengthens the mixing of the fluid to improve the local heat transfer. Therefore, setting the secondary flow channels near the highest temperature can effectively increase the base temperature uniformity. Within the scope of calculation parameter, the temperature difference ratio of the staggered inlet and outlet unit on the base between with and without the secondary flow channel is (57.2–69.8) %. However, the influence of the secondary flow channels on the pumping power is slight.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":332,"journal":{"name":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"159 ","pages":"Article 108347"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142653946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}