Xinyun Li , Ali B.M. Ali , Hayder A. Abbood , Narinderjit Singh Sawaran Singh , Mohammed Al-Bahrani , Dilsora Abduvalieva , Soheil Salahshour , Sh. Baghaei
{"title":"The impact of channel edge type on the particle diffusion and permeability of carbon nanotubes as a membrane in reverse electrodialysis process using molecular dynamics simulation","authors":"Xinyun Li , Ali B.M. Ali , Hayder A. Abbood , Narinderjit Singh Sawaran Singh , Mohammed Al-Bahrani , Dilsora Abduvalieva , Soheil Salahshour , Sh. Baghaei","doi":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.108930","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.108930","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thermal energy storage with phase change materials offers effective solutions for energy management by absorbing and releasing thermal energy during phase transitions. Integrating nanoparticles, like gold, enhances thermal conductivity, modifies phase change characteristics, and boosts energy storage capacity. These advancements are valuable in renewable energy, precise thermal management, and high-efficiency energy storage, fostering innovation and sustainability in thermal science. This study investigates the effects of adding gold nanoparticles to paraffin-based phase change material, analyzing thermal property changes through molecular dynamics simulations to assess improvements in heat storage and energy efficiency. The results show that the carbon nanotube structure with the armchair edge was used to achieve the maximum electric current in the sample. Due to the strong interactions among carbon atoms in the armchair-edged carbon nanotube structure, the interaction between the fluid and the AC decreased. Also, the interaction between the base fluid and the channel wall varied with the edge type of carbon nanotubes. Based on the results, maximum electric current was achieved with a carbon nanotube featuring an armchair edge.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":332,"journal":{"name":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"164 ","pages":"Article 108930"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143768047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparative performance study of a novel heat driven absorption cooling system incorporating a turbo-compressor","authors":"Haythem Sahli , Rania Hammemi , Mouna Elakhdar , Bourhan Tashtoush , Ezzedine Nehdi","doi":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.108906","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.108906","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this research, the performance of a novel heat-driven absorption refrigeration system that incorporates a turbo-compressor using <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>NH</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>-<span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>H</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub><mi>O</mi></mrow></math></span> as a working fluid is investigated. The inclusion of a turbo-compressor enhances cooling efficiency by increasing the absorber’s pressure. This is attained through the expansion of vapor produced in the high-pressure generator. A mathematical model of the system was developed using the Python software and was validated by comparing it with previously published experimental data. The simulation findings indicated that higher compression ratios in the system improved the coefficient of performance (COP) by up to 18%. In fact, for compression ratios of 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5, the maximum COP was found to be 0.51, 0.55, 0.58, and 0.6 respectively. Conversely, the system’s exergy efficiency experiences a decline from 17.5% to 17%, 16.2%, and 15.8%, respectively, for equivalent compression ratios. The drop is attributed to increased exergy destruction in the compressor and turbine. A comparison was conducted between the proposed system and similar systems. The novel system shows distinct advantages, such as significantly lower electrical consumption and reduced CO2 emissions. This highlights its environmental benefits with eco-friendly fluids, although it operates at a higher generator temperature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":332,"journal":{"name":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"164 ","pages":"Article 108906"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143759506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Multi-factor impact mechanism of the hydrothermal performance of manifold microchannel heat sinks based on multi-method collaborative optimization","authors":"Shiming Sang, Ping Liu, Yi Jin, Zhiwen Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.108931","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.108931","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Manifold microchannel heat sink(MMCHS) is an effective cooling technology, which can dissipate high heat flux of electronic devices quickly. In this study, the orthogonal experimental design(OED) and grey relational analysis(GRA) methods were used to investigate the effects of five geometric parameters(width of the wall, depth of the channel, height of the manifold, length of the manifold inlet and length of the manifold outlet) on the thermal resistance and pump power of MMCHS. The results of the grey relational analysis show that the width of the wall and the length of the manifold inlet have the most significant influence on the thermal resistance and pump power. Subsequently, decision-making methods such as TOPSIS and LINMAP were used to calculate the optimal solutions from the data set generated by the genetic algorithm. Based on the LINMAP decision-making results, an MMCHS structure with equilateral triangle ribs was proposed, and the performance of this structure at different volume flow rates was numerically simulated. The performances of MMCHS with different numbers of ribs in terms of pressure drop, temperature, performance evaluation criterion(<em>PEC</em>), and performance evaluation criterion based on thermal resistance(<em>PECTR</em><sub><em>Tmax</em></sub>) were extensively investigated. The results show that when the volume flow rate is 0.06 ml/s, the optimal structure MM-TR exhibits excellent performance, with a <em>PEC</em> of 1.28 and a PECTRTmax of 1.21. Compared with other MMCHS, the MM-TR proposed in this study is a more energy-efficient electronic cooling solution. Under a heat flux of 988 W/cm<sup>2</sup>, the coefficient of performance(<em>COP</em>) of MM-TR can reach above 30,240.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":332,"journal":{"name":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"164 ","pages":"Article 108931"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143759544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of dual diameter length on the performance characteristics of a single loop pulsating heat pipe","authors":"Anoop Kumar Shukla, Subrata Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.108898","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.108898","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the combined effects of geometry, filling ratio, inclination angle, and heating power on the heat transfer characteristics of single loop dual diameter pulsating heat pipes (DPHPs). Three DPHPs with varying dual-diameter length ratios were constructed, each featuring a larger internal diameter (ID) of 2.5 mm and a smaller ID of 1.8 mm. The smaller diameter section lengths were 88 mm for DPHP1, 118 mm for DPHP2, and 150 mm for DPHP3. DPHP1 and DPHP2 confined the smaller diameter to the adiabatic section, while DPHP3 extended it 5 mm into the evaporator. Constructed from borosilicate glass, these PHPs were evaluated using visualization techniques and thermal resistance calculations. The study compared these with a uniform diameter PHP (UPHP) with a consistent ID of 2.5 mm. Results showed that heat transfer mechanisms evolve with heat load, with film evaporation becoming significant at higher loads. DPHP1 had the best start-up performance, while DPHP2 exhibited the lowest thermal resistance, indicating superior thermal performance. DPHP2’s optimal performance was at a 60% filling ratio and 90<span><math><mo>°</mo></math></span> inclination, operating effectively at 30<span><math><mo>°</mo></math></span>. Its maximum heat input capacity increased by 20% compared to UPHP and DPHP1, and by 50% compared to DPHP3 in vertical orientation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":332,"journal":{"name":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"164 ","pages":"Article 108898"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143748650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shuai Li , Zhaoda Zhang , Guanghan Yan , Sijia Wang , Mingrui Sun , Yu Liu , Yongchen Song
{"title":"Effect of thermal loading on flow distribution in regenerative cooling parallel channels","authors":"Shuai Li , Zhaoda Zhang , Guanghan Yan , Sijia Wang , Mingrui Sun , Yu Liu , Yongchen Song","doi":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.108904","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.108904","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The thermal management system is crucial for protecting combined engines, ensuring vehicle safety at high power levels. Optimizing the heat sink utilization efficiency of heat-absorbing hydrocarbon fuels within this system is therefore critical. This study investigates flow distribution in parallel channels under varying thermal loads and examines the impact of flow inhomogeneity on thermal stress. The flow distribution inhomogeneity (<em>Φ</em>) increased slightly with rising heat flux under low heat load conditions, and showed a 10 % increase as the heat flux rose from 0 to 0.9 MW/m<sup>2</sup>. This is primarily due to the drastic changes in the thermophysical properties of supercritical fluids with temperature. Higher heat flux intensified density difference between fluids in different channels and reduced wall shear stress, with this effect being most pronounced in the central channel. Pyrolysis reactions further aggravated flow distribution inhomogeneity, resulting in an average increase of 33.3 %. The uneven flow distribution caused insufficient flow in edge channels, where conversion rates were most affected by heat flux due to elevated fluid temperatures. Conversely, the central channel was less affected due to higher mass flow. Excessive flow concentration in system corners, combined with inadequate heat absorption, resulted in inefficient heat sink utilization. As flow distribution inhomogeneity increased from 0.237 to 0.307, the maximum thermal stress rose from 187.7 MPa to 195.8 MPa. Channels with lower flow rates were particularly vulnerable to heightened thermal stress, posing an even greater challenge to thermal protection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":332,"journal":{"name":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"164 ","pages":"Article 108904"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143748649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A computationally efficient approach for immersion cooling of a Li-Ion battery cell","authors":"Piyush Mani Tripathi, Amy Marconnet","doi":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.108856","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.108856","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Immersion-cooled battery thermal management systems (BTMSs) are generally designed and analyzed using numerical simulations. These models must couple the electrochemical and thermal–fluid physics for accurate results. However, such a numerical approach is computationally expensive and may not be feasible, particularly for large systems. Here, we develop a computationally efficient approach to study immersion cooling-based BTMSs with the coupled physics. After validating the simplified immersion-cooled battery model for fixed convection coefficient, we then define two simplified immersion cooling models: one using existing heat transfer correlations and the other employing customized correlations trained from fully-coupled numerical models. The trained models are highly accurate (error <span><math><mo>≤</mo></math></span>3%). Moreover, they are very flexible as they can be formulated to study different combinations of mass flow rates, fluids, and discharge rates using a single heat transfer correlation. Additionally, the trained models are data-frugal, requiring only data from two mass flow rates (for a given fluid and discharge rate) to predict the response for other mass flow rates. The significant reduction in computation cost [from hours or days for the fully-coupled numerical models to seconds for proposed models] makes the proposed approach more suitable for rapid analysis, optimization, and real-time implementation of the immersion-cooled BTMSs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":332,"journal":{"name":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"164 ","pages":"Article 108856"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143748718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An experimental investigation on thermal runaway features of lithium-ion battery modules under tunnel scenarios","authors":"Dongxu Ouyang, Xiaojun Liu, Bo Liu, Zhirong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.108922","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.108922","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work details an experimental study exploring the thermal runaway characteristics of lithium-ion battery modules in tunnel environments, which is particularly relevant given the increasing presence of electric vehicles in such settings. The research involves modules at different states of charge (25 %, 50 %, and 75 % SOC) and considers tunnels with various types of ceilings (arc and flat ceiling). Thermal runaway propagation exhibits three distinct layers, leading to three phases that impact module mass, radiation heat flux, extinction coefficient, flame temperature, and smoke movement within the tunnel. Furthermore, the investigation reveals that thermal runaway in a 75 % SOC module induces a visibility decline leading to the evacuation speed inside the tunnel being lower than that in a blind, and a temperature increase of about 49.8 °C within the tunnel. The dimensionless temperature rise in the arc-ceiling tunnel is observed to exponentially decrease with the increasing dimensionless position. As the module's SOC increases, a more severe thermal runaway hazard inside the tunnel becomes apparent. This results in a higher thermal runaway propagation rate, greater temperature rise, more severe ejection and combustion, and a more pronounced reduction in visibility within the tunnel. The ceiling's maximum temperature rise due to thermal runaway relates to both the tunnel's geometry and the heat release of the thermal runaway.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":332,"journal":{"name":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"164 ","pages":"Article 108922"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143748719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Huanhuan Li , Yujie Shao , Ziyin Yang , Zhengjian Gu , Yaping Wang , Jun Bao , Tao Yang , Lei Pei , Haobin Jiang , Chaochun Yuan
{"title":"Research on the heat dissipation performance of automotive Li-ion battery modules utilizing a combination of composite phase change materials and liquid cooling","authors":"Huanhuan Li , Yujie Shao , Ziyin Yang , Zhengjian Gu , Yaping Wang , Jun Bao , Tao Yang , Lei Pei , Haobin Jiang , Chaochun Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.108892","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.108892","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phase change materials, as a thermal management cooling method for batteries, have the problem of high-temperature heat dissipation failure under high rate operating conditions. This paper proposes a thermal management structure for battery modules that combines composite phase change materials (PCM) with liquid cooling to solve the heat dissipation limitations of passive cooling systems under extreme conditions. The specific structural design is analyzed and determined, and the system control strategy is optimized based on this structure. Firstly, the parameters of the liquid cooling system structure for the battery module are studied, which helps define the thermal management structure of the module. Then, the intervention conditions of the liquid cooling system are optimized to improve the utilization of the PCM. Finally, the heat dissipation performance of the thermal management structure under various configurations is evaluated. The results show that the setup of liquid cooling pipes and coolant can effectively reduce the temperature rise of the battery module. Compared to a system using only PCM, the temperature rise is reduced by 7 K. By adjusting the intervention time of the liquid cooling system, the utilization of PCM in the composite system is improved, with the liquid phase ratio of the PCM increasing by 35 %. In the optimized system, the module temperature can be controlled below 45 °C under 2C conditions, and the maximum liquid phase ratio of the PCM increases to 60 %. Under 3C conditions, the module temperature can be maintained within an appropriate operating range while ensuring the effective use of PCM.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":332,"journal":{"name":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"164 ","pages":"Article 108892"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143748720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fan He , Chenxi Hu , Weijun Gao , Shanshan Li , Xi Meng
{"title":"Effect of inclination angles on heat transfer characteristics of solid and perforated spiral finned heat exchangers","authors":"Fan He , Chenxi Hu , Weijun Gao , Shanshan Li , Xi Meng","doi":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.108920","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.108920","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cylinder models integrated with solid/perforated spiral fins are a major direction for heat transfer enhancement in shell-and-tube latent heat exchangers. In practical engineering applications of this system, there exists an operational requirement for different orientations. To investigate how the orientation affects the melting/solidification performance, this paper conducts contrastive experiments for solid and perforated spiral fin heat exchangers (SSHX and PSHX) at five inclination angles (0°, 45°, 90°, 135°, 180°). Solid-liquid evolution and temperature history of the thermal charge/discharge process were recorded, heat transfer characteristics were compared, and energy storage efficiencies were analyzed. The results show that the inclination angle can significantly influence the phase change process of SSHX and PSHX, with the highest values of the indices for PSHX and SSHX at 0°, and the lowest values at 135° and 90°orientation. After the optimization of the inclination angle, the average heat transfer rate and heat flux can be increased by 15.5 % ∼ 84.4 % in thermal charge and 6.3 % ∼ 22.1 % in thermal discharge. Perforations enhance internal convective flows within the heat exchangers across all inclination angles, especially for the vertical orientation with a significant melting rate increase, but such heat transfer contributions are diminished as the angle towards the horizontal orientation. Top-side injection of heat transfer fluid yields better thermal performance than bottom-side injection. The highest energy storage efficiencies for PSHX and SSHX reach 63.4 % and 62.9 %, respectively. These results can provide valuable guidance for practical engineering applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":332,"journal":{"name":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"164 ","pages":"Article 108920"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143748717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Numerical investigation of thermal energy storage characteristics of dual phase change material in double elliptic pipe","authors":"Nessrine Sayoud , Ahmet Yüksel , Abdelghani Laouer , Mohamed Teggar , Müslüm Arıcı , Noureddine Brihi","doi":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.108921","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.108921","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Latent heat storage offers high thermal energy density. However, the low storage rate is a challenge to address. This study aims to evaluate the effects of cascading dual-phase change material (dual-PCM) within a double elliptic pipe on thermal performance and storage rates. The melting process of dual-PCM in the enclosure is numerically analyzed. The numerical model is validated by comparison with experimental data of the literature. Nine design configurations are examined, focusing on the orientation (vertical and horizontal) and the inclination of the elliptic enclosure in order to find out the most effective storage unit. The thermal and flow fields are analyzed alongside the evolution of the melt fraction, charging times, and stored energy. Results indicate that the cascading dual-PCM inside an outer horizontal elliptic enclosure with an inner vertical heating elliptic pipe reduce thermal energy storage time by up to 49 %, demonstrating the most efficient melting process. Furthermore, the study indicates that vertical elliptical pipes reduce thermal energy storage time by 24.7 % compared to horizontal ones, and that lower inclination angles provided a faster and more uniform melting process. Dual-PCM configurations in horizontal orientations significantly enhance energy storage efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":332,"journal":{"name":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"164 ","pages":"Article 108921"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143738778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}