International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer最新文献

{"title":"Experimental study on the influence of sub-millimeter copper foams on boiling heat transfer in vertical orientation","authors":"Hyun Jin Yong ,&nbsp;Jaehyeok Yang ,&nbsp;Yun Seok Choi ,&nbsp;Il Woong Park ,&nbsp;Sai Raja Gopal Vadlamudi ,&nbsp;Uwe Hampel ,&nbsp;Hyun Sun Park","doi":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.110346","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.110346","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent years have seen porous metal foams gaining research interest for boosting boiling heat transfer in sustainable energy systems because of their high surface area, nucleation sites, and thermal conductivity. To keep electronic devices compact, surface coatings must be thin to lower thermal resistance and optimize space, with components often placed vertically. Despite extensive research, most studies have focused on millimeter foams in horizontal orientations, leaving the pool boiling behavior of sub-millimeter foams in vertical configurations largely unexplored. In this work, the pool boiling performance of vertically oriented copper foams with thicknesses of 50, 100, and 200 μm and pore densities ranging from 90 to 130 PPI is investigated. The influence of foam thickness and pore size on boiling characteristics such as onset of nucleate boiling (ONB), heat transfer coefficient (HTC), and critical heat flux (CHF) is quantitatively analyzed. All copper foam surfaces exhibit enhanced CHF compared to the bare silicon surface, while HTC trends vary depending on foam thickness and pore density. Two distinct CHF and HTC trends are observed based on foam thickness, indicating two different mechanisms at work. In one case, at 200 μm cooper foam thickness, higher wall superheats and poor HTCs are seen, suggesting vapor sublayer dryout caused by coalescence of vapor channels induced by hydrodynamic instabilities. In the other case, at 50 μm, a non-monotonic CHF trend with lower superheats is observed, similar to micro-pillared surfaces, which results from dryout of the liquid sublayer beneath vapor bubbles. These findings on CHF trends in porous metal foams highlight the unique characteristics of microporous foam structures in a vertical orientation and guide future research aimed at optimizing foam designs for improved boiling heat transfer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":332,"journal":{"name":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 110346"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145797878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parametric design investigation of Vortex-based sweeping jet actuator for film cooling on high-pressure turbine vane","authors":"Arshad Farooq,&nbsp;Shaowen Chen (陈绍文),&nbsp;Pengcheng Yang (杨鹏骋),&nbsp;Yimin Zhang (张谊民)","doi":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.110328","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.110328","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Film cooling is vital for the efficient operation and reliability of modern gas turbine engines. This paper investigates the aerodynamic and thermal performance of a vortex-based sweeping jet actuator (VSJA) implemented on the suction side of a high-pressure turbine stator vane, comparing a conventional sweeping jet actuator (CSJA), a parametrically optimized VSJA, and a baseline design. An unsteady RANS simulations accompanied by the k–ω SST turbulence model is used to evaluate film cooling effectiveness at blowing ratios of M = 0.52, 1.09, and 1.52. Experiments were conducted to analyze flow dynamics of both baseline and optimized VSJA configurations using surface oil flow visualization and dynamic pressure sensors to characterize unsteady jet behavior. Experiments showed that the optimized VSJA produced wider fan angles (∼100° vs. ∼70°), higher oscillation frequencies, and greater lateral jet spreading compared with the baseline configuration. URANS results further demonstrated that these characteristics strengthened coolant dispersion and wall interaction, leading to notable improvements in time-averaged adiabatic film cooling effectiveness (<span><math><mover><mi>η</mi><mo>¯</mo></mover></math></span>) At M = 1.52, the optimized VSJA provided 28.1 % and 60.3 % higher <span><math><mover><mi>η</mi><mo>¯</mo></mover></math></span> than CSJA and baseline, respectively. Time-averaged flow fields revealed more coherent anti-counter-rotating vortex pairs, enhancing coolant coverage. Aerodynamically, the optimized VSJA reduced total pressure loss to 8.00 %, compared with 10.27 % for the CSJA, achieving an improved balance between cooling effectiveness and flow efficiency, despite the baseline case yielding the lowest loss. Overall, the optimized VSJA demonstrates superior performance for advanced gas turbine cooling applications, effectively combining enhanced film cooling with reduced aerodynamic losses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":332,"journal":{"name":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 110328"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145797991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Boiling inversion induced heat transfer enhancement of copper heat-spreaders with electrodeposited dendritic-bush structures","authors":"En-Chia Liu ,&nbsp;Jie-Hau Liao ,&nbsp;Heng-Chieh Chien ,&nbsp;Jui-Cheng Yu ,&nbsp;Chao-Yang Chiang ,&nbsp;Po-Hsun He ,&nbsp;Hsuan-Chi Weng ,&nbsp;Ming-Ji Dai ,&nbsp;Chien-Neng Liao","doi":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.110311","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.110311","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nucleate pool boiling is highly effective for cooling high-power electronic devices and microsystems. In this work, a superhydrophilic dendritic-bush-shaped coating was electrodeposited on Cu substrates as boiling enhancement structures (BES). By varying H₂SO₄ and H₃BO₃ concentrations in the electrolyte, porous Cu films with different thicknesses and morphologies were obtained. Pool boiling experiments measured the critical heat flux (CHF) and heat transfer coefficient (HTC), while a contact angle analyzer and capillary rise tests evaluated the wettability and wicking properties. A distinct boiling inversion phenomenon was observed for porous Cu films with optimized structural parameters. High-speed imaging of bubble nucleation, growth, and departure revealed the link between surface architecture, bubble dynamics, and heat transfer performance. The optimized dendritic Cu structure achieved a CHF of 216 W/cm² and an HTC of 24.6 W/cm²K, corresponding to enhancements of 125 % and 473 % over flat Cu. These findings highlight the promise of electrodeposited dendritic-bush structures for heat dissipation enhancement through nucleate pool boiling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":332,"journal":{"name":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 110311"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145797987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D numerical study of hydrogen storage in nano-enhanced metal hydride reactor with branching type fins","authors":"Fatih Selimefendigil ,&nbsp;Gürel Şenol ,&nbsp;Hakan F. Öztop","doi":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.110301","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.110301","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, 3D numerical study of hydrogen storage in a metal hydride (MH) reactor is examined by installing branching type fins and nano-enhanced MH. Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) is utilized as the nanomaterial to be used as an additive in the MH domain in terms of heat transfer enhancement during the absorption. The metal hydride used for the reactor is MgH₂ due its high volumetric and gravimetric capacity. Comparative studies are performed for the hydrogen storage system by using finite element-based solver. Number of branching fins used during the absorption is taken between 10and 50 while hydrogen supply pressure is considered between 5and 15atm. The coolant temperature is considered between 5<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mo>°</mo></msup><mi>C</mi></math></span> and 20<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mo>°</mo></msup><mi>C</mi></math></span>. Percentage weight (wt%) of absorbed hydrogen, and average MH bed temperatures are evaluated for each case and comparative results are presented. The best case is obtained with 50 branching fins, at supply pressure as 15atm and the coolant temperature as 5<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mo>°</mo></msup><mi>C</mi></math></span>. Using 50 fins results in reduction of sorption time by 22 % and the average bed temperature in the MH bed by 27 %. The coolant temperature at 5 °C reduces the absorption time and the average bed temperature by 34 % and 48 %, respectively, while the highest-pressure case results in a 48 % reduction in the sorption time compared to the lowest pressure case. Results are useful for the design and development of thermal management systems for hydrogen storage in MH reactors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":332,"journal":{"name":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 110301"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145748627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Closed-form solution to radial diffusion via a time-aware series approximation for the reciprocal of the Hankel-function modulus in s-domain","authors":"Zehui Sun,&nbsp;Zhe Qian,&nbsp;Lijian Wu,&nbsp;Qixu Chen,&nbsp;Qunjing Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.110432","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.110432","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The exact solution to radial diffusion in semi-infinite media under Dirichlet boundary conditions is provided as a Jaeger integral, which has long remained unsolved. The primary obstacle is the intractable integrand factor <span><math><mrow><mi>N</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>s</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow><mo>=</mo><msup><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup><mspace></mspace><msup><mrow><mrow><mo>[</mo><mrow><msubsup><mrow><mi>J</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msubsup><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>s</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow><mo>+</mo><msubsup><mrow><mi>Y</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msubsup><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>s</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow><mo>]</mo></mrow></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>. This paper overcome this long-standing challenge by developing a time-aware, asymptotics-preserving series representation of <span><math><mrow><mi>N</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>s</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span>. This representation seamlessly bridges the small- and large-<span><math><mi>s</mi></math></span> asymptotics of <span><math><mrow><mi>N</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>s</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> and maintains the approximation errors in the intermediate <span><math><mi>s</mi></math></span>-regime uniformly small upon transforming into the time domain. The series representation of <span><math><mrow><mi>N</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>s</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> enables the first-ever analytical evaluation of this Jaeger integral, yielding a closed-form approximate solution uniformly valid over the whole time domain for the radial diffusion problem. The solution is compactly presented in terms of hypergeometric functions and precisely replicates the asymptotic behaviors of the original Jaeger integral solution. As direct corollaries, this paper also derives several closed-form formulas for quantities of practical interest, such as the boundary flux, the cumulative transfer across the boundary, and the time evolution of the diffusion front. The solution and its corollaries provide a robust tool for solving inverse problems of radial diffusion under Dirichlet boundary conditions, which are prevalent in fields such as geothermal energy and hydrogeology. Moreover, the proposed time-aware, asymptotics-preserving methodology provides a distinct alternative to traditional numerical inverse Laplace transforms and complements the Laplace method workflow commonly used to reduce partial differential equations of heat and mass transfer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":332,"journal":{"name":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 110432"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145880029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vascularized networks for two-phase flow evaporative cooling. How hierarchical flow distribution reduces friction losses","authors":"Sylvie Lorente","doi":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.110438","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.110438","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Data centers require thermal solutions allowing to dissipate always higher heat loads with minimal pumping power. This work presents a methodology to design vascularized hierarchical flow networks for two-phase evaporative cooling, searching for minimum friction losses in flow distribution and collection networks. Two network configurations are considered: a ladder configuration, in which inlet and outlet channels are located on the same side, and a canopy-to-canopy configuration, with inlet and outlet on opposite sides of the network. The theoretical framework developed allows to determine optimal diameter ratios along hierarchical branches under constant refrigerant volume. The results demonstrate that a hierarchical diameter distribution reduces significantly the total pressure losses compared to single-diameter networks. In addition, we show that the reduction in friction losses depends strongly on the vapor quality, with the maximum improvement obtained between 0.50 and 0.60. Finally, the canopy-to-canopy network achieves the lowest overall friction losses and exhibits less sensitivity to the thermodynamic quality, making it the most efficient architecture for two-phase evaporative cooling applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":332,"journal":{"name":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 110438"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145880034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heat transfer and flow dynamics of power-law fluids in a lid-driven cavity with a flexible flow modulator","authors":"Fahim Tanfeez Mahmood,&nbsp;Mohammad Nasim Hasan","doi":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.110389","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.110389","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research computationally investigates heat transfer characteristics within a lid-driven square cavity containing non-Newtonian Power-law fluids. An adiabatic flexible flow modulator, fastened centrally on the heated bottom wall, deforms dynamically under hydrodynamic forces. The coupled fluid-structure interaction (FSI) is solved using an Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) formulation, while the Galerkin finite element approach resolves the coupled mass, momentum, energy, and structural equations. The system's hydrodynamics is represented by the alteration of the power-law index (0.6 ≤ <em>n</em> ≤ 1.4), Richardson number (0.1 ≤ <em>Ri</em> ≤ 10.0), and Prandtl number (1 ≤ <em>Pr</em> ≤ 50), whereas the structural response is governed by the Cauchy number (10⁻⁷ ≤ <em>Ca</em> ≤ 10⁻⁴). The outcomes are analyzed through the assessment of streamlines and isotherm distribution, spatially and time-averaged Nusselt number variations, modulator tip deflection, and Power Spectrum Analysis. Findings unravel that the system's thermal efficacy is significantly influenced by the fluid rheology (<em>n</em>), convection regime (<em>Ri</em>), and momentum diffusivity (<em>Pr</em>), while the modulator's elasticity (<em>Ca</em>) has minimal effect. At stronger hydrodynamic conditions (<em>Ri</em> = 10 and <em>Pr</em> = 10), the flow modulator exhibits periodic fluttering, which ceases upon its rigidification. Under optimal thermal conditions (<em>n</em> = 0.6, <em>Ri</em> = 10, <em>Pr</em> = 50, and <em>Ca</em> = 10⁻⁴), the heat transfer enhancement reaches 77 %, with a peak time-averaged Nusselt number of <em>Nu</em>_<em>avg</em> = 62.8. Shear-thinning fluids consistently outperform Newtonian and shear-thickening fluids in absolute heat transfer, whereas shear-thickening fluids offer maximum thermal enhancement (up to 12.38 %) when modulation effects are compared. These insights can be instrumental to augment heat removal in systems processing non-Newtonian fluids, including chemical heat exchangers, food-processing equipment, and wastewater treatment plants, employing deformable inserts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":332,"journal":{"name":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 110389"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145880118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrothermal performance and entropy production rate in distilled H2O flowing in a converging corrugated pipe with increasing corrugation parameters","authors":"Olatomide Gbenga Fadodun ,&nbsp;Odunayo Olawuyi Fadodun ,&nbsp;Amr Kaood","doi":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.110457","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.110457","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;This study examined the turbulent hydrothermal performance of distilled H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O flow in converging corrugated pipes (CCPs), whose corrugation parameters (amplitude and width of the corrugation) vary along the direction of flow from the first and second thermodynamic perspectives. The Reynolds average Navier-Stokes turbulence model &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mfenced&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;SST&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mi&gt;k&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;−&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;ω&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mfenced&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; was used to simulate the flow inside the pipe. The influences of the Reynolds number &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mfenced&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;5&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;×&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mn&gt;10&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mn&gt;3&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;mo&gt;≤&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;Re&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;≤&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2.5&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;×&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mn&gt;10&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mn&gt;4&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mfenced&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, diameter ratio &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mfenced&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;≤&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;DR&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;≤&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1.5&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mfenced&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, amplitude ratio &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mfenced&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;≤&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mi&gt;GR&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;e&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;mo&gt;≤&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1.07&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mfenced&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, and width ratio &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mfenced&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;≤&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mi&gt;GR&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;w&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;mo&gt;≤&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1.07&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mfenced&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; on the average Nusselt number &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mfenced&gt;&lt;mi&gt;Nu&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mfenced&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, Poiseuille number (&lt;em&gt;f Re&lt;/em&gt;), performance evaluation criterion (&lt;em&gt;PEC&lt;/em&gt;), and the average volumetry entropy production rate &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mfenced&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;S&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;gen&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/mfenced&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;were thoroughly examined. The findings revealed that &lt;em&gt;Nu&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;f Re&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;PEC&lt;/em&gt;, and &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mfenced&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;S&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;gen&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/mfenced&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; are more sensitive to &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mi&gt;GR&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;e&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; and DR than are &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mi&gt;GR&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;w&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;. For example, at &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mi&gt;Re&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2.0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;×&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mn&gt;10&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mn&gt;4&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mi&gt;GR&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;w&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; and &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mi&gt;DR&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, the values of &lt;em&gt;Nu&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;f Re&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;PEC&lt;/em&gt;, and &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mfenced&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;S&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;gen&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/mfenced&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; across the range of &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mi&gt;GR&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;e&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; are considered to change by a factor of &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mfenced&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1.17&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2.16&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0.91&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;and&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0.82&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mfenced&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;. The corresponding values across the range of &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mi&gt;GR&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;w&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; considered are &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mfenced&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0.911&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0.929&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0.933&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;and&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1.11&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mfenced&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;. For&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mi&gt;Re&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2.0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;×&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mn&gt;10&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mn&gt;4&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mi&gt;GR&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;w&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &amp; &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;","PeriodicalId":332,"journal":{"name":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 110457"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145908679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-objective optimization design and sensitivity analysis of proton exchange membrane fuel cell flow channel under assembly force","authors":"Xiuxiu Sun,&nbsp;Weituo Feng,&nbsp;Qian Zhang,&nbsp;Guoxi Jing,&nbsp;Teng Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2026.110490","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2026.110490","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The optimal design of flow channel can enhance proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) operational efficiency by improving reactant distribution and mass transfer characteristics. This study adopted channel width, height, rib width, and turning angle as optimization variables, targeting enhanced power density, reduced channel pressure drop, and improved PEMFC current density distribution uniformity. The optimum solution set for the flow field structure emerged from integrating Latin hypercube sampling, artificial neural networks, and multi-objective gray wolf algorithm. The flow field's optimal configuration was determined by calculating the PEMFC's composite score via the entropy weight method, with validation through numerical simulation and experimentation. The results demonstrated that optimal PEMFC performance was achieved under the geometric configuration of 1.1 mm channel width, 1.2 mm channel height, 0.6 mm rib width, and 50 % turning angle. The experimental data shows that the optimized performance at 0.95 A cm⁻² revealed a 4.51 % power density increase, with channel pressure drop and PEMFC current density uniformity index declining by 37.91 % and 23.43 % respectively. Furthermore, the optimized flow channel significantly enhances heat and mass transfer, leading to improved temperature uniformity and reactant distribution, which collectively contribute to the overall performance enhancement of the PEMFC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":332,"journal":{"name":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 110490"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145908683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance analysis of a novel inclined baffle heat exchanger with drainage plates for high efficiency and low resistance","authors":"Zilong Wang ,&nbsp;Yongfa Yang ,&nbsp;Yang Fu ,&nbsp;Xiubai Hu ,&nbsp;Cong Dong ,&nbsp;Chenyu Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2026.110636","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2026.110636","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To resolve the thermal-hydraulic trade-off in conventional baffle exchangers, an efficient low-resistance inclined baffle heat exchanger (IBHE) is proposed by integrating a drainage plate and an overflow orifice. Three configurations: an inclined baffle heat exchanger with drainage plates (DPX-IBHE), an inclined baffle heat exchanger without drainage plates (NDP-IBHE), and a reference segmental baffle heat exchanger (SGHE), were simulated using 3D CFD methodology. A structural flow field analysis method was employed to evaluate and compare the thermal-hydraulic performance of the heat exchanger with and without the drainage plates. The drainage influence factor (DIF) and energy economic coefficient (EEC) metrics were introduced to evaluate flow and heat transfer mechanisms through temperature, pressure, and flow field analyses. Results indicate that drainage plates amplify both secondary vortices and tube bundle scouring. With average and peak DIF gains of 97.59% and 138.97%, the 10 mm plate (DP10-IBHE) outperformed other DPX-IBHE designs, reaching a maximum DIF of 2.37. The synergistic interaction among the inclined baffle, drainage plate, and overflow orifice eliminated dead zones and induced secondary vortices, increasing average shell-side velocity by 53.94% and 49.46% versus NDP-IBHE and SGHE. With 36.5% lower pressure drop and 55.35% higher (<em>ρ</em>·<em>h</em>_o·<em>η</em>_N)/(∆<em>P</em>·<em>G</em>_o) versus SGHE, DP10-IBHE demonstrates how drainage plates balance heat transfer and pressure drop. The positive flow design outperformed the reverse in EEC by 6.42% to 9.50% under identical flow conditions. The DP10-IBHE offers an efficient, low-resistance solution for applications like waste heat recovery, outperforming conventional segmental baffle designs in energy and economic metrics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":332,"journal":{"name":"International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 110636"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146170006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}