Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology最新文献

{"title":"Lineage-specific duplication and functional diversification of DOPA-decarboxylase genes in the Gryllidae family, as revealed in Gryllus bimaculatus","authors":"Shintaro Inoue ,&nbsp;Kai Fujie ,&nbsp;Taiki Hamaguchi ,&nbsp;Yoshiyasu Ishimaru ,&nbsp;Katsuyuki Miyawaki ,&nbsp;Akira Takahashi ,&nbsp;Takeshi Nikawa ,&nbsp;Sumihare Noji ,&nbsp;Takahito Watanabe ,&nbsp;Taro Mito","doi":"10.1016/j.ibmb.2024.104246","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibmb.2024.104246","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The DOPA-decarboxylase (DDC) gene is crucial for dopamine synthesis and influences various biological functions in insects, including body coloration, behavior, learning, and sleep. However, its evolutionary impact remains largely unexplored. This study reports on the tandem duplication of two <em>bona fide ddc</em> genes (<em>ddc1</em> and <em>ddc2</em>) in the <em>Gryllidae</em> cricket family. We herein investigated the function of <em>ddc1</em> and <em>ddc2</em> using <em>Gryllus bimaculatus</em> (<em>Gb</em>) as a model. Our results revealed that <em>Gb'ddc1</em> was expressed systemically, with its expression being higher immediately after molting compared to the stage following melanin pigmentation. In homozygous knockout mutants of <em>Gb'ddc1</em>, generated via CRISPR/Cas9, reduced body color pigmentation and had translucent cuticles, decreased dopamine levels, and over-accumulated DOPA. These mutants died shortly after hatching, likely due to cuticle defects, underscoring the essential role of dopamine, produced by <em>Gb'ddc1,</em> in melanin synthesis. Conversely, <em>Gb'ddc2</em> expression was confined to the ovary and was not up-regulated after molting. Homozygous knockout mutants of <em>Gb'ddc2</em> exhibited no body color defects, whereas hatchability and embryonic development rates were significantly reduced. Interestingly, dopamine levels in the ovaries were significantly elevated in <em>Gb'ddc2</em> mutants. This suggests that normal ovarian dopamine levels, modulated by <em>Gb'ddc2,</em> are vital for fertility maintenance. The function of <em>Gb'ddc2</em> differs from that of typical <em>ddc</em>, indicating neofunctionalization through evolutionary duplication. Overall, <em>Gb'ddc1</em> and <em>Gb'ddc2</em> have distinct functions, and precise regulation of ovarian dopamine levels using these two <em>ddc</em> genes may have enhanced cricket fertility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":330,"journal":{"name":"Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology","volume":"177 ","pages":"Article 104246"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142798968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histone deacetylases synergistically regulate juvenile hormone signaling in the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti","authors":"Sharath Chandra Gaddelapati ,&nbsp;Subba Reddy Palli","doi":"10.1016/j.ibmb.2024.104256","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibmb.2024.104256","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Controlling <em>Aedes aegypti</em> mosquitoes is crucial for managing mosquito-transmitted diseases like dengue, zika, chikungunya, and yellow fever. One of the efficient methods to control mosquitoes is to block their progression from the larval to the adult stage. Juvenile hormones (JH) maintain the larval stage and ensure proper developmental timing for transitioning from larval-pupal-adult stages. Our previous studies showed that histone deacetylases (HDACs) regulate JH signaling and metamorphosis in the red flour beetle <em>Tribolium castaneum</em>. However, the role of HDACs in regulating JH signaling in <em>Ae. aegypti</em> mosquito is unknown. To investigate the role of HDACs in JH signaling, we knockdown each <em>HDAC</em> coding gene in Aag-2 cells derived from <em>Ae. aegypti</em>. Knockdown of <em>HDAC1, HDAC4</em>, and <em>HDAC11</em> increased the expression of the JH primary response gene, <em>Krüppel homolog 1 (Kr-h1)</em>, which represses the larval-pupal metamorphosis. Moreover, the simultaneous knockdown of these three <em>HDACs</em> synergistically increased the <em>Kr-h1</em> promoter activity and its expression, mimicking JH action in inducing <em>Kr-h1</em>. Nevertheless, each HDAC regulates the transcription of different sets of genes, except for a few common genes involved in JH signaling. Furthermore, the knockdown of these <em>HDACs</em> in <em>Ae. aegypti</em> larvae caused different phenotypes apart from delayed pupation: <em>HDAC1</em> knockdown caused larval growth retardation, body shrinkage, and eventual death; <em>HDAC4</em> knockdown led to incomplete head capsule shedding after metamorphosis; and <em>HDAC11</em> knockdown caused higher pupal mortality. Our data demonstrates functional overlap and distinct functions for HDAC1, HDAC4, and HDAC11 in modulating JH signaling, with each HDAC having a unique role in mosquito development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":330,"journal":{"name":"Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology","volume":"177 ","pages":"Article 104256"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142913338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Annotation of transcription factors, chromatin-associated factors, and basal transcription machinery in the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum, and development of the ATFdb database, a resource for studies of transcriptional regulation","authors":"Nicolas Parisot ,&nbsp;Mélanie Ribeiro Lopes ,&nbsp;Sergio Peignier ,&nbsp;Patrice Baa-Puyoulet ,&nbsp;Hubert Charles ,&nbsp;Federica Calevro ,&nbsp;Patrick Callaerts","doi":"10.1016/j.ibmb.2024.104217","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibmb.2024.104217","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The pea aphid, <em>Acyrthosiphon pisum,</em> is an emerging model system in functional and comparative genomics, in part due to the availability of new genomic approaches and the different sequencing and annotation efforts that the community has dedicated to this important crop pest insect. The pea aphid is also used as a model to study fascinating biological traits of aphids, such as their extensive polyphenisms, their bacteriocyte-confined nutritional symbiosis, or their adaptation to the highly unbalanced diet represented by phloem sap. To get insights into the molecular basis of all these processes, it is important to have an appropriate annotation of transcription factors (TFs), which would enable the reconstruction/inference of gene regulatory networks in aphids. Using the latest version of the <em>A. pisum</em> genome assembly and annotation, which represents the first chromosome-level pea aphid genome, we annotated the complete repertoire of <em>A. pisum</em> TFs and complemented this information by annotating genes encoding chromatin-associated and basal transcription machinery proteins. These annotations were done combining information from the model <em>Drosophila melanogaster</em>, for which we also provide a revisited list of these proteins, and <em>de novo</em> prediction. The comparison between the two model systems allowed the identification of major losses or expansions in each genome, while a deeper analysis was made of ZNF TFs (with certain families expanded in the pea aphid), and the Hox gene cluster (showing reorganization in gene position in the pea aphid compared to <em>D. melanogaster</em>). All annotations are available to the community through the Aphid Transcription Factors database (ATFdb), consolidating the various annotations we generated. ATFdb serves as a valuable resource for gene regulation studies in aphids.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":330,"journal":{"name":"Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology","volume":"177 ","pages":"Article 104217"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142694935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diet influence on male sexual maturation through interplay between insulin signaling and juvenile hormone in insects","authors":"Evan Force ,&nbsp;Claudia Alvarez ,&nbsp;Annabelle Fuentes ,&nbsp;Annick Maria ,&nbsp;Françoise Bozzolan ,&nbsp;Stéphane Debernard","doi":"10.1016/j.ibmb.2024.104252","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibmb.2024.104252","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In animals, sexual maturation coincides with the development of sexual behaviors and reproductive system. These developmental events are influenced by diet and governed by endocrine signals. Here, for the first time in insects, we explored functional links between nutrition and juvenile hormone (JH) in the male reproductive physiology through the insulin signaling pathway (ISP) acting as a transducer of nutritional signals. We turned to the male moth <em>Agrotis ipsilon</em> for which sexual maturation, including accessory sex glands (ASGs) development concomitantly with antennal lobes (ALs) maturation for female sex pheromone processing and display of sexual behavior, is known to be JH- and diet-dependent. Indeed, a diet rich in sugars with sodium was previously shown to accelerate sexual maturation, which was achieved from the third day of adult life. In this study, we demonstrated that such a diet raised i) the expression of JH signaling actors (Methoprene-tolerant, Taiman, and Krüppel homolog 1) in ALs and ASGs, ii) the biosynthesis and circulating levels of JH, and iii) the expression of both <em>insulin receptor</em> (<em>InR</em>) and <em>insulin-like peptides</em> (<em>ILPs</em>) in <em>corpora allata</em> (CAs) and brain respectively. Insulin injection raised JH biosynthesis following increased <em>HMG-CoA reductase</em> expression in CAs; opposite effects were induced in InR-deficient males. Thus, we highlighted that promoting effects of a diet composed of sugars with sodium on male sexual maturation results from an early induction of ISP causing an increase in JH biosynthesis followed by a potentiation of JH actions on the development of ASGs and ALs in <em>A. ipsilon</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":330,"journal":{"name":"Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology","volume":"177 ","pages":"Article 104252"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142862822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seminal fluid proteins in the Queensland fruit fly: Tissue origins, effects of mating and comparative genomics","authors":"Khandaker Asif Ahmed ,&nbsp;Heng Lin Yeap ,&nbsp;Chris W. Coppin ,&nbsp;Jian-Wei Liu ,&nbsp;Gunjan Pandey ,&nbsp;Phillip W. Taylor ,&nbsp;Siu Fai Lee ,&nbsp;John G. Oakeshott","doi":"10.1016/j.ibmb.2024.104247","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibmb.2024.104247","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In many insect species, the ability of males to inhibit their mates from remating is an important component of fitness. This ability is also essential for the effective management of insect pests, including tephritid fruit flies, using the Sterile Insect Technique. Here we apply transcriptomics and proteomics to male reproductive tissues before and after mating to characterize components of semen that might mediate remating inhibition in Queensland fruit fly. We found 144 genes whose transcripts were enriched, or proteins expressed, in reproductive tissue and which also varied in amount after mating. Some were associated with testes, accessory glands and ejaculatory apodeme, but those from the ejaculatory apodeme were over-represented compared to those not enriched in reproductive tissue or mating responsive. These included 13 related genes clustered within one Mb on chromosome 5. Functional annotations implicated a broad range of biochemical processes in the genes/proteins enriched in reproductive tissue and mating responsive, with cuticle structure most commonly implicated among the subset of these that were apodeme-enriched and a kinase involved in vitellogenesis implicated for one of the 13 clustered genes. We did not find a homolog of the much studied <em>Drosophila melanogaster</em> Sex Peptide but comparative genomics indicated that some of the tissue-enriched, mating responsive genes/proteins were rapidly evolving in tephritids (including in the Queensland fruit fly lineage), suggesting recent adaptation to new functional niches. Our results provide a set of candidate mediators of remating inhibition for further functional testing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":330,"journal":{"name":"Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology","volume":"177 ","pages":"Article 104247"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142816849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"β2-tubulin and its promoter in the brown planthopper: A versatile tool for genetic control strategies","authors":"Jing-Xiang Chen ,&nbsp;Chuan-Chuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Jia-Wei Sun ,&nbsp;Yi-Bing Zhang,&nbsp;Min-Shi Luo,&nbsp;Wen-Qing Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ibmb.2024.104244","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibmb.2024.104244","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>At present, the application of CRISPR/Cas9 technology for genetic manipulation in insects is predominantly concentrated on Diptera model species, including <em>Drosophila</em> and mosquitoes. In contrast, non-model insects such as the brown planthoppers (BPH, <em>Nilaparvata lugens</em>), a major insect pest of rice, have received less attention in genetic manipulation due to insufficient tools. Here, the analysis of spatiotemporal expression patterns revealed that <em>β2-tubulin</em> in BPH (<em>NlB2t</em>) was predominantly concentrated in male adults and male testis, exhibiting high expression levels. Knockdown of <em>NlB2t</em> expression by using RNAi resulted in the obstruction of male testis development. Mating between the RNAi-treated males and wild-type females led to a notable reduction in the number of eggs laid and the hatching rate of those eggs by 58.2% and 50.6%, respectively. The longevity of RNAi males significantly increased, and females that had previously mated with RNAi males exhibited a diminished inclination for re-mating with wild-type males. The dual-luciferase reporter assay demonstrated robust promoter activity in the upstream 943 bp of <em>NlB2t</em>, capable of driving Cas9 protein expression <em>in vivo</em> and effectively inducing target gene knockout. These findings elucidated that <em>NlB2t</em> may be a key gene in BPH male testis development and reproduction, as a promising target for sterilization. Its upstream promoter serves as a germline promoter, significantly facilitating the development of genetic control tools based on CRISPR/Cas9 technology in BPH.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":330,"journal":{"name":"Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology","volume":"177 ","pages":"Article 104244"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142823513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of the clock gene period in regulating circadian rhythm of courtship vibrations in Nilaparvata lugens","authors":"Qi Wei,&nbsp;Jia-Chun He,&nbsp;Wei-Xia Wang,&nbsp;Feng-Xiang Lai,&nbsp;Pin-Jun Wan,&nbsp;Qiang Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.ibmb.2024.104250","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibmb.2024.104250","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Nilaparvata lugens</em>, the brown planthopper (BPH), is a notorious pest threatening rice production across Asia. The heavy reliance on synthetic insecticides for control has led to resistance and raised ecological concerns. Substrate-borne vibrational communication, integral to species-specific mate recognition systems in insects, presents a potential avenue for pest management through mating disruption. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating vibrational signals in BPH remain poorly understood. In this study, we cloned and analyzed the clock gene <em>period</em> from BPH. The open reading frame of <em>Nlper</em> is 3708 bp, encoding a 1235-amino acid protein with two conserved domains: the Per-ARNT-Sim domain and the Period protein 2/3C-terminal region. It shares a closer evolutionary relationship with <em>Laodelphax striatellus</em> and <em>Frankliniella occidentalis</em>. Spatiotemporal expression analysis showed that <em>Nlper</em> was consistently expressed across all life stages and adult tissues, with the highest levels in macropterous males and male head, respectively. Rhythmic expression exhibited significant circadian oscillations under both light-dark and constant darkness conditions, peaking at 00:00 and reaching a trough at 12:00, with fold changes ranging from 2.47 to 3.39. Moreover, after dsRNA injection, <em>Nlper</em> expression decreased by 77.21%–84.26% from day 2 to day 5, disrupting the circadian oscillation of female vibrational signals (FVS) and causing a significant peak shift, along with a 30.56% reduction in FVS frequency on day 5. These findings underscore the essential role of <em>Nlper</em> in regulating the circadian rhythm of courtship vibrational signals, deepening our understanding of the genetic basis of insect communication and opening new possibilities for innovative pest management approaches.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":330,"journal":{"name":"Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology","volume":"177 ","pages":"Article 104250"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142826956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Juvenile hormone regulates reproductive diapause through both canonical and noncanonical pathways in the bean bug Riptortus pedestris","authors":"Abdul Hafeez ,&nbsp;Kou Wang ,&nbsp;Wen Liu ,&nbsp;Xiao-Ping Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ibmb.2024.104233","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibmb.2024.104233","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Diapause is an adaptive developmental arrest commonly utilized by animals to cope with seasonal changes. Central to this process are hormonal events that bridge photoperiodic cues and physiological changes. In insect reproductive diapause, the absence of juvenile hormone (JH) serves as the primary endocrine event that governs key diapause traits, including ovarian developmental arrest and lipid accumulation. Conventionally, it is believed that the effects of JH are conveyed through the receptor Methoprene-tolerant (Met) and its transcriptional factor Krüppel homolog 1 (Kr-h1). However, our study with the bean bug <em>Riptortus pedestris</em> reveals that JH independently regulates lipid accumulation, bypassing <em>Met</em> and <em>Kr-h1</em> pathways. <em>R. pedestris</em> enters reproduction under long-day (LD) conditions, while diapause occurs under short-day (SD) conditions. Treatment of SD females with the JH mimic methoprene stimulated reproductive activities, enhancing ovary development and reducing lipid accumulation. In contrast, silencing genes essential for JH biosynthesis in LD females led to pronounced diapause characteristics, including ovarian developmental arrest and substantial lipid accumulation. Interestingly, disruptions in the JH action genes, either <em>Met</em> or <em>Kr-h1</em>, solely affected ovary development, leaving lipid accumulation unchanged, indicating an independent pathway for regulating JH in lipid accumulation. This was further confirmed by RNA interference experiments in SD females, where knockdown of <em>Met</em> or <em>Kr-h1</em> did not alter the effects of methoprene on lipid reduction. Collectively, these results suggest that JH controls ovary development through the established Met-Kr-h1 pathway, while it modulates lipid accumulation through an alternative, yet to be identified noncanonical pathway during reproductive diapause in <em>R. pedestris.</em></div></div>","PeriodicalId":330,"journal":{"name":"Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology","volume":"177 ","pages":"Article 104233"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142765080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nap1 is essential for eupyrene spermatogenesis and migration in Plutella xylostella","authors":"Chenxu Zhu ,&nbsp;Lijun Zhou ,&nbsp;Dongbin Chen ,&nbsp;Xu Yang ,&nbsp;Lu Zhu ,&nbsp;Lansa Qian ,&nbsp;Xiaomiao Xu ,&nbsp;Gangqi Fang ,&nbsp;Awawing A. Andongma ,&nbsp;Yongcheng Dong ,&nbsp;Lin He ,&nbsp;Yongping Huang ,&nbsp;Yaohui Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ibmb.2024.104245","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibmb.2024.104245","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Spermatogenesis is a key process for the sexual reproduction species. In lepidopteran insects, spermatogenesis produces two different types of sperms, in which eupyrene sperm carry genomic DNA and fertilize eggs, whereas apyrene sperm are necessary for eupyrene sperm to enter eggs. However, functional genetic studies of spermatogenesis in <em>Plutella xylostella</em> remain a longstanding puzzle even though the phenomenon in lepidoptera has been widely documented more than a century. In this study, we particularly focus on the gene <em>Nap1</em> which belongs to the Nucleosome assembly protein family. Our findings revealed that <em>Nap1</em> was highly expressed in the testes, and the disruption of <em>PxNap1</em> induced male sterility in <em>P. xylostella</em>, while the fertility of mutant females was comparable to wild-type females. Additionally, through immunofluorescence staining analysis, we found that the eupyrene sperm bundles presented diffusedly scattered nuclei in <em>PxNap1</em> mutant males, while the nuclei in the wild-type were clustered together presented as needle shape. We also found that <em>PxNap1</em> deficiency hinders the transfer of eupyrene sperm to the bursa copulatrix and spermatheca of females. However, the apyrene spermatogenesis was not affected in the <em>PxNap1</em> mutant. RNA-seq analyses indicated that the defects of eupyrene sperm in <em>PxNap1</em> mutants were related to energy metabolic such as pentose and glucuronate interconversions, biosynthesis of amino acids, and pentose phosphate pathway. Our study demonstrates that <em>PxNap1</em> plays crucial function in eupyrene spermatogenesis and eupyrene sperm migration. Our research provides valuable insights for the genetic factors underlying reproductive processes in Lepidopteran insects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":330,"journal":{"name":"Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology","volume":"177 ","pages":"Article 104245"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142790716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differentially spliced mitochondrial CYP419A1 contributes to ethiprole resistance in Nilaparvata lugens","authors":"B. Zeng ,&nbsp;A.J. Hayward ,&nbsp;A. Pym ,&nbsp;A. Duarte ,&nbsp;W.T. Garrood ,&nbsp;S-F Wu ,&nbsp;C-F Gao ,&nbsp;C. Zimmer ,&nbsp;M. Mallott ,&nbsp;T.G.E. Davies ,&nbsp;R. Nauen ,&nbsp;C. Bass ,&nbsp;B.J. Troczka","doi":"10.1016/j.ibmb.2025.104260","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibmb.2025.104260","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The brown planthopper <em>Nilaparvata lugens</em> is one of the most economically important pests of cultivated rice in Southeast Asia. Extensive use of insecticide treatments, such as imidacloprid, fipronil and ethiprole, has resulted in the emergence of multiple resistant strains of <em>N. lugens</em>. Previous investigation of the mechanisms of resistance to imidacloprid and ethiprole demonstrated that overexpression and qualitative changes in the cytochrome P450 gene <em>CYP6ER1</em> lead to enhanced metabolic detoxification of these compounds. Here, we present the identification of a secondary mechanism enhancing ethiprole resistance mediated by differential splicing and overexpression of CYP419A1, a planthopper-specific, mitochondrial P450 gene. Although metabolic resistance to insecticides is usually mediated by overexpression of P450 genes belonging to either CYP 3 or 4 clades, we validate the protective effect of over-expression of CYP419A1, <em>in vivo,</em> using transgenic <em>Drosophila melanogaster.</em> Additionally, we report some unusual features of both the CYP419A1 gene locus and protein, which include, altered splicing associated with resistance, a non-canonical heme-binding motif and an extreme 5’ end extension of the open reading frame. These results provide insight into the molecular mechanisms underpinning resistance to insecticides and have applied implications for the control of a highly damaging crop pest.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":330,"journal":{"name":"Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology","volume":"177 ","pages":"Article 104260"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143021532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}