Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology最新文献

{"title":"N-alpha-acetyltransferase 40 modulates ecdysteroid action through chromatin accessibility changes near the promoters of 20-hydroxyecdysone response genes in Tribolium Castaneum TcA cells","authors":"Surjeet Kumar Arya,&nbsp;Subba Reddy Palli","doi":"10.1016/j.ibmb.2025.104285","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibmb.2025.104285","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Changes in chromatin accessibility leading to altered gene expression play critical roles in cellular response to environmental signals. The function of N-alpha-acetyltransferase 40 (NAA40) in modulating chromatin accessibility and transcriptional regulation of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) response in <em>Tribolium castaneum</em> (TcA) cells was investigated. RNA interference (RNAi) was used to knockdown NAA40, and ATAC and RNA sequencing were used to examine changes in chromatin accessibility and gene expression in TcA cells exposed to 20E. ATAC-seq data revealed chromatin accessibility patterns between NAA40 knockdown and control cells exposed to 20E. Significant differences were detected in chromatin accessibility at transcription start sites (TSS) and promoter regions between dsNAA40 or dsGFP-treated cells exposed to 20E. Differential peak analysis identified many regions in the genome with altered chromatin accessibility upon NAA40 knockdown or 20E treatment, suggesting that NAA40 plays a critical role in 20E regulation of gene expression by modifying chromatin accessibility near the promoters of genes involved in 20E action. RNA sequence data analysis revealed changes in the expression of 20E response genes after NAA40 knockdown or 20E treatment. Comparison of ATAC-seq and RNA-seq data showed a correlation between chromatin accessibility and transcriptional changes of 20E response genes such as E74 and E75. Our results demonstrate that NAA40 affects chromatin dynamics and transcriptional regulation in modulating 20E response, increasing our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the hormonal regulation of gene expression.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":330,"journal":{"name":"Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 104285"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143476096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A key amino acid substitution of vacuolar-type H+-ATPases A subunit (VATP-A) confers selective toxicity of a potential botanical insecticide, periplocoside P (PSP), in Mythimna separata and Spodoptera exigua","authors":"Xianxia Zhang ,&nbsp;Yayun Zuo ,&nbsp;Rui Liu ,&nbsp;Shuang Wen ,&nbsp;Yakun Pei ,&nbsp;Qin Zhao ,&nbsp;Baojun Shi ,&nbsp;Wenjun Wu ,&nbsp;Ding Li ,&nbsp;Zhaonong Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.ibmb.2025.104277","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibmb.2025.104277","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Periplocosides, extracted from the root bark of <em>Periploca sepium</em>, are plant secondary compounds known to inhibit the V-ATPase enzyme in susceptible insect species, such as <em>Mythimna separata</em>. However, many species, including <em>Spodoptera exigua</em>, show resistance to these compounds. Previous studies identified the V-ATPase subunit A (VATP-A) in the midgut epithelium of <em>M. separata</em> as the putative target of periplocoside P (PSP), but the specific amino acids involved in this interaction remained unclear. In this study, we demonstrate the selective toxicity of PSP and its inhibition effect on V-ATPase. Molecular docking identified potential interactions between PSP and three amino acids (K85, R171, E199) in MsVATP-A, with <em>in vitro</em> binding assays revealing that K85 and R171 serve as the primary binding sites. Notably, sequence alignment revealed that R171 in sensitive species is substituted with K in resistant species. To investigate the functional implications of this substitution, we performed <em>in vitro</em> site-directed mutagenesis to exchange the corresponding amino acids between the VATP-A orthologs of <em>M. separata</em> and <em>S. exigua</em>. The R171K mutation in MsVATP-A reduced binding to PSP, while the K170R mutation in SeVATP-A enhanced it. Furthermore, <em>in vivo</em> genome editing in <em>Drosophila melanogaster</em>, a PSP-sensitive species, revealed that the R168K mutation conferred 15.78-fold resistance to PSP compared to the wild-type strain (<em>w</em>¹¹¹⁸). Our findings confirm the role of VATP-A as the target of PSP and elucidate the key amino acids influencing its insecticidal selectivity. This research enhances the understanding of the molecular interactions between natural compounds and insect targets, offering insights for the development of targeted pest control strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":330,"journal":{"name":"Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 104277"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143439591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modulation of peptidoglycan recognition protein expression alters begomovirus vectoring efficiency and fitness of Bemisia tabaci","authors":"Anupma Singh ,&nbsp;Rakesh V ,&nbsp;Yuvaraj Iyyappan ,&nbsp;Amalendu Ghosh","doi":"10.1016/j.ibmb.2025.104276","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibmb.2025.104276","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs) are evolutionarily conserved molecules. Their role in the immune response to invading pathogens makes them a natural target for viral defence study in a wide range of organisms. Silverleaf whitefly, <em>Bemisia tabaci</em> (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is one of the invasive insect pests and transmits begomoviruses in a circulative and persistent manner to vegetables, legumes, fibres and ornamentals. The virus entry, retention, circulation, and release process involve interactions with several proteins in <em>B. tabaci</em> and evade innate immunity to avoid the antiviral mechanisms. The present study investigated the role of <em>BtPGRP</em> in chilli leaf curl virus (ChiLCV, <em>Begomovirus capsica</em>) transmission by <em>B. tabaci</em>. Silencing of <em>BtPGRP</em> using double-stranded (ds) RNA led to the loss of innate immunity to ChiLCV resulting in increased virus titre in <em>B. tabaci</em>. Ds<em>BtPGRP</em> was orally administered to adults of <em>B. tabaci</em> at a concentration of 1, 3, and 5 μg/mL. The expression of <em>BtPGRP</em> was downregulated up to 4.67-fold. The virus titre in <em>B. tabaci</em> increased 90.05 times post-exposure to ds<em>BtPGRP</em> at 5 μg/mL. The test plants inoculated with ChiLCV by <em>dsBtPGRP</em>-exposed <em>B. tabaci</em> expressed severe curling symptoms with a higher virus load and transmission ratio than the control. Besides, the silencing of <em>BtPGRP</em> also induced up to 56.67% mortality in treated <em>B. tabaci</em>. The active site pocket of <em>BtPGRP</em> was found to interact directly with the ChiLCV-CP in computational analyses. Key residues of <em>BtPGRP</em>, including Tyr45, Asp84, His86, Trp87, and Asn119 exhibited critical interactions with the ChiLCV-CP. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the effect of <em>PGRP</em> silencing on ChiLCV acquisition and transmission efficiency and fitness of <em>B. tabaci</em> Asia II I.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":330,"journal":{"name":"Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 104276"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143439594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What Drosophila can tell us about state-dependent peptidergic signaling in insects","authors":"Dick R. Nässel","doi":"10.1016/j.ibmb.2025.104275","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibmb.2025.104275","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plasticity in animal behavior and physiology is largely due to modulatory and regulatory signaling with neuropeptides and peptide hormones (collectively abbreviated NPHs). The NPHs constitute a very large and versatile group of signaling substances that partake at different regulatory levels in most daily activities of an organism. This review summarizes key principles in NPH actions in the brain and in interorgan signaling, with focus on <em>Drosophila</em>. NPHs are produced by neurons, neurosecretory cells (NSCs) and other endocrine cells in NPH-specific and stereotypic patterns. Most of the NPHs have multiple (pleiotropic) functions and target several different neuronal circuits and/or peripheral tissues. Such divergent NPH signaling ensures orchestration of behavior and physiology in state-dependent manners. Conversely, many neurons, circuits, NSCs, or other cells, are targeted by multiple NPHs. This convergent signaling commonly conveys various signals reporting changes in the external and internal environment to central neurons/circuits. As an example of wider functional convergence, 26 different <em>Drosophila</em> NPHs act at many different levels to regulate food search and feeding. Convergence is also seen in hormonal regulation of peripheral functions. For instance, multiple NPHs target renal tubules to ensure osmotic homeostasis. Interestingly, several of the same osmoregulatory NPHs also regulate feeding, metabolism and stress. However, for some NPHs the cellular distribution and functions suggests multiple unrelated functions that are restricted to specific circuits. Thus, NPH signaling follows distinct patterns for each specific NPH, but taken together they form overlapping networks that modulate behavior and physiology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":330,"journal":{"name":"Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 104275"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143432064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Myoglianin is a crucial factor for the transition to the juvenile hormone-dependent phase during hemimetabolous nymphal development","authors":"Kohei Kawamoto ,&nbsp;Yoshiyasu Ishimaru ,&nbsp;Sayuri Tomonari ,&nbsp;Takahito Watanabe ,&nbsp;Sumihare Noji ,&nbsp;Taro Mito","doi":"10.1016/j.ibmb.2025.104274","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibmb.2025.104274","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In hemimetabolous insects, the developmental process of nymphs is divided into three growth phases, i.e., juvenile hormone (JH)-independent, JH-dependent, and JH-free phases. The wing primordium in hemimetabolous insects is formed latently in the JH-independent phase and manifests and grows in the JH-dependent phase. Myoglianin (Myo) is known to be a key factor of metamorphosis in the JH-free phase of nymphs, regulating negatively JH synthesis. Here we find the role of Myo in earlier phases in the cricket <em>Gryllus bimaculatus</em> via gene knockout analysis using CRISPR/Cas9. In the <em>myo</em> knockout (KO) mutants, developmental delay during embryogenesis was observed, and nymphal body size and the timing of molting were affected. The KO nymphs underwent multiple molts, typically around seven, but remained significantly smaller in body size compared to wild-type individuals. The KO nymphs also did not exhibit the expected growth of wing primordia, implying that transition to JH-dependent phase was failed. This failure in phase transition could have been caused by excessive JH because titers of JH I and JH II were remarkably increased in the KO mutants. Our results suggest that Myo plays a crucial role not only in regulating timing of molting but also in the transition to the nymphal growth phases associated with growth of wing primordia and nymphal body size.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":330,"journal":{"name":"Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology","volume":"178 ","pages":"Article 104274"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143412671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulation of Feeding and Defecation in Drosophila by Trpγ, Piezo, and DH44R2.","authors":"Sonali Puri, Dharmendra Kumar Nath, Youngseok Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.ibmb.2025.104267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibmb.2025.104267","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Normal gastrointestinal (GI) motility, including defecation, is crucial for nutrient absorption, energy balance, and overall health in species ranging from insects to humans. Disruptions in GI motility can lead to conditions like constipation or severe diseases. Mechanosensors, including TRP channels and Piezo, are known to play key roles in regulating gut physiology in Drosophila melanogaster, but their precise involvement in defecation is not fully understood. Additionally, neuropeptides like DH44 have been implicated in gut regulation. This study explores the roles of Trpγ, Diuretic hormone 44 Receptor 2 (DH44R2), and Piezo in controlling feeding amount, gut motility, and defecation using genetic mutants and RNAi techniques. Mutants for these genes exhibited increased excreta production and size, whereas Dh44 and Dh44R1 mutants had a reduced number of excreta, but with increased size. Co-expression and rescue experiments further confirmed the critical roles of these genes in the same gut cells. The findings reveal that local gut-specific mechanisms are the primary drivers of defecation. The results highlight the collaboration between Trpγ, Piezo, and DH44R2 in regulating gut motility and defecation. By uncovering how these mechanosensory proteins and cells work together, this research may offer insights into human GI disorders like Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) and Hirschsprung's disease, shedding light on the complex regulatory network underlying defecation.</p>","PeriodicalId":330,"journal":{"name":"Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology","volume":" ","pages":"104267"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143254263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and functional analysis of sex-determining genes in the spongy moth, Lymantria dispar (lepidoptera: Erebidae)","authors":"Yuto Moronuki ,&nbsp;Ryota Kasahara ,&nbsp;Hideshi Naka ,&nbsp;Masataka G. Suzuki","doi":"10.1016/j.ibmb.2024.104219","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibmb.2024.104219","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The spongy moth (<em>Lymantria dispar</em>) employs a female heterogametic sex-determination system, where the female sex-determining factor (F factor) is located on the W chromosome, and the male sex-determining factor (M factor) is located on the Z chromosome. The sex-determining capabilities of the F factor and M factor vary among subspecies. Consequently, <em>L</em>. <em>dispar</em> serves as an excellent model for studying the mechanisms underlying the evolution and diversity of sex-determining genes. However, the genes encoding the F and M factors, as well as the molecular functions of their translation products, remain unidentified.</div><div>In this study, we identified a <em>L</em>. <em>dispar Masculinizer</em> ortholog (<em>LdMasc</em>) and found that this gene is highly expressed in male embryos during the sex-determination stage. When <em>LdMasc</em> expression was silenced using embryonic RNA interference (RNAi), the expression pattern of <em>L</em>. <em>dispar doublesex</em> (<em>Lddsx</em>), the master regulatory gene for sex differentiation, shifted from the male-specific form to the female-specific form in male embryos. To identify potential F factors, we screened for genes that were exclusively expressed in females across multiple tissues and located only within the female genome. This screening yielded four unigenes with sequences displaying high homology to each other. These unigenes formed a tandem repeat, comprising approximately 100 copies within a 200 kbp region of the W chromosome-derived contig. We designated these unigenes as <em>Fet-W</em> (female-specifically expressed transcript from the W chromosome). RT-PCR analysis revealed that <em>Fet-W</em> was expressed in a female-specific manner during the sex-determination stage. Suppression of <em>Fet-W</em> expression by embryonic RNAi led to an increase in <em>LdMasc</em> expression in females and a corresponding shift in <em>dsx</em> expression patterns from the female-specific to the male-specific form. These findings strongly suggest that the F factor in <em>L</em>. <em>dispar</em> is <em>Fet-W</em>, whereas the M factor is <em>LdMasc</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":330,"journal":{"name":"Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology","volume":"177 ","pages":"Article 104219"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142694937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the adaptation mechanism of Spodoptera litura to xanthotoxin: Insights from transcriptional responses and CncC signaling pathway-mediated UGT detoxification","authors":"Zhiming Yang ,&nbsp;Mengqing Deng ,&nbsp;Wenxiu Wang ,&nbsp;Tianxiang Xiao ,&nbsp;Xiaodan Huang ,&nbsp;Xinyu Zhao ,&nbsp;Xiyue Xu ,&nbsp;Jun Li ,&nbsp;Zhongxiang Sun ,&nbsp;Kai Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.ibmb.2025.104259","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibmb.2025.104259","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During the long-term interaction between plants and phytophagous insects, plants generate diverse plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) to defend against insects, whereas insects persistently cause harm to plants by detoxifying PSMs. Xanthotoxin is an insect-resistant PSM that is widely found in plants. However, the understanding of detoxification mechanism of xanthotoxin in insects is still limited at present. In this study, RNA-seq analysis showed that uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) and cap ‘n’ collar isoform C (CncC) signaling pathway were specifically retrieved from the midgut and fat body of xanthotoxin-administrated <em>Spodoptera litura</em> larvae. The larvae were sensitive to xanthotoxin when the transcriptional expression and enzyme activity of UGTs were inhibited. Bacteria co-expressing UGT had a high survival rate after exposure to xanthotoxin and displayed high metabolic activity to xanthotoxin, which indicated that UGTs were involved in xanthotoxin detoxification. As the pivotal transcription factors, RNA interference against <em>CncC</em> and its partner, muscle aponeurosis fibromatosis isoform K (<em>MafK</em>), reduced larval tolerance to xanthotoxin as well as <em>UGT</em> expressional levels. Dual-luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that <em>UGT</em> promoter activity was activated by CncC and MafK, and was suppressed once CncC/MafK binding site was mutated. This study revealed that CncC signaling pathway regulated <em>UGT</em> transcriptional expression to mediate xanthotoxin detoxification in <em>S. litura</em>, which will facilitate a better understanding of the adaptive mechanism of phytophagous insects to host plants and provide more valuable insecticide targets for pest control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":330,"journal":{"name":"Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology","volume":"177 ","pages":"Article 104259"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142997497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular basis of E93-dependent tissue morphogenesis and histolysis during insect metamorphosis","authors":"Mei Zeng ,&nbsp;Zi-Yu Yan ,&nbsp;Ya-Nan Lv ,&nbsp;Jia-Ming Zeng ,&nbsp;Ning Ban ,&nbsp;Dong-Wei Yuan ,&nbsp;Sheng Li ,&nbsp;Yun-Xia Luan ,&nbsp;Yu Bai","doi":"10.1016/j.ibmb.2024.104249","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibmb.2024.104249","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The evolution of insect metamorphosis has profoundly influenced their successful adaptation and diversification. Two key physiological processes during insect metamorphosis are notable: wing maturation and prothoracic gland (PG) histolysis. The ecdysone-induced protein 93 (E93) is a transcription factor indispensable for metamorphosis. While it has been established that both wing maturation and PG histolysis are dependent on E93, the molecular mechanisms through which E93 regulates these seemingly ‘opposing’ events remain poorly understood. In this study, time-course transcriptome profiles were generated for wing pads and PGs during metamorphosis in <em>Blattella germanica</em>, a hemimetabolous model insect. Comparative transcriptomic analyses demonstrated that E93 exerts predominant control over extensive gene transcription during wing morphogenesis and PG histolysis. During wing morphogenesis, E93 selectively enhances the expression of genes associated with cell proliferation, energy supply, signal transduction, actin cytoskeleton organization, and cell adhesion, etc. Additionally, E93 activates the transcription of the majority of genes within the wing gene network that are crucial for wing development in <em>B. germanica</em>. During PG histolysis, E93 preferentially promotes the expression of genes related to endocytosis, focal adhesion, the AMPK signaling pathway, adipocytokine signaling pathway, Toll and Imd signaling pathways, and autophagy, etc. The key genes involved in the aforementioned pathways were subsequently confirmed to contribute to the E93-dependent degeneration of the PG in <em>B. germanica</em>. In summary, our results reveal that E93 functions as a master transcriptional regulator orchestrating both tissue morphogenesis and histolysis during insect metamorphosis. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the genetic underpinnings of insect metamorphosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":330,"journal":{"name":"Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology","volume":"177 ","pages":"Article 104249"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142823504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The parasitoid Exorista sorbillans exploits host silkworm encapsulation to build respiratory funnel for survival","authors":"Qian Xu ,&nbsp;Jialei Lu ,&nbsp;Xinran Gu ,&nbsp;Fupeng Chi ,&nbsp;Yue Zhao ,&nbsp;Fanchi Li ,&nbsp;Xuejian Jiang ,&nbsp;Bing Li ,&nbsp;Jing Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.ibmb.2024.104255","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibmb.2024.104255","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Insect parasitoids have evolved sophisticated strategies to evade or modulate host immunity for parasitic infections. The precise mechanisms by which parasitoids counteract host anti-parasitic responses are poorly defined. Here we report a novel immune evasion strategy employed by the parasitoid <em>Exorista sorbillans</em> (Diptera: Tachinidae) to establish infection. We find that <em>E. sorbillans</em> larva construct a respiratory funnel that gradually increases in size as development progresses. This respiratory funnel, which connect to the parasitoid invasion aperture on the host silkworm epidermis, proves essential for <em>E. sorbillans</em> development, as sealing the invasion aperture results in complete mortality of larval parasitoids. Our investigation reveals that <em>E. sorbillans</em> infection reduces both host silkworms' hemocyte counts and the expression of hemocyte-specific genes, while simultaneously inducing varying degrees of host silkworm encapsulation at different parasitic stages. Nevertheless, more complete inhibition of host silkworm encapsulation through RNAi leads to parasitoid's defective respiratory funnel formation and increased mortality rates of the parasitoid. Further observations demonstrate that this suppressed encapsulation response triggers an enhanced activation of Toll/IMD pathways in the host silkworm. Take together, we show that <em>E. sorbillans</em> may utilize host silkworm encapsulation to construct a respiratory funnel for both respiration and immune evasion. Our findings provide new insights into the evasion tactics employed by parasitoids win out in the ongoing parasite-host evolutionary arms race.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":330,"journal":{"name":"Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology","volume":"177 ","pages":"Article 104255"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142913359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}