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State of emergency and Human Rights – the situation of Hungary 紧急状态与人权————匈牙利的情况
Torunskie Studia PolskoWloskie Pub Date : 2021-11-23 DOI: 10.12775/tsp-w.2020.002
L. Csink
{"title":"State of emergency and Human Rights – the situation of Hungary","authors":"L. Csink","doi":"10.12775/tsp-w.2020.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/tsp-w.2020.002","url":null,"abstract":"In the first days of 2020, the nations of Europe could hardly imagine that their lives were going to change so drastically in a couple of months. SARS – Covid 19, aka coronavirus resulted in a great change in all societies on the globe. Most countries introduced a state of emergency and made restrictions on many aspects of people’s lives. The present paper intends to give an overview of the measures that the Hungarian government has taken so far. For this purpose, it first analyses the legal background of state of emergency that would help understand the present situation. Secondly, it describes the measures taken, and finally it evaluates how the measures affect human rights, especially free movement, freedom of enterprise and free speech.","PeriodicalId":32741,"journal":{"name":"Torunskie Studia PolskoWloskie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66713981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Expression of opinion through Acts. A brief analysis of the Hungarian Constitutional Courts practice 通过行为表达意见。对匈牙利宪法法院实践的简要分析
Torunskie Studia PolskoWloskie Pub Date : 2021-09-28 DOI: 10.12775/tsp-w.2020.021
Szabolcs Stock
{"title":"Expression of opinion through Acts. A brief analysis of the Hungarian Constitutional Courts practice","authors":"Szabolcs Stock","doi":"10.12775/tsp-w.2020.021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/tsp-w.2020.021","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the article is to present how one can excercise their freedom of expression through acts. I focus ont the decisions of the Hungarian Constitutional Court, the European Court of Human Rights and the U. S. Supreme court. I analyze these decisions, and compare the fundamental rights that can collide, such as freedom of expression versus the right to property, which one should prevail when they come into collision. I also study how one can decide, whether the act should fall within the protected circle of the freedom of expression, or it should be penalized as a crime, or misdemeanor.","PeriodicalId":32741,"journal":{"name":"Torunskie Studia PolskoWloskie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66714702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Sul «fantastico» italiano: tra la lessicografia e la storia di letteratura 关于意大利的“奇妙”:在词典和文学之间
Torunskie Studia PolskoWloskie Pub Date : 2020-12-17 DOI: 10.12775/tsp-w.2020.015
Patrycja Przełucka
{"title":"Sul «fantastico» italiano: tra la lessicografia e la storia di letteratura","authors":"Patrycja Przełucka","doi":"10.12775/tsp-w.2020.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/tsp-w.2020.015","url":null,"abstract":"La riflessione sul fantastico nella letteratura è nata nella cultura europea durante il Romanticismo. La nascita del termine, il processo della formazione delle varie accezioni del suo significato e gli inizi del dibattito attorno al tema del fantastico prendono forma proprio in quell’epoca.L’argomento del fantastico nella letteratura è stato discusso in modo approfondito sia dagli scrittori stessi che dai critici letterari in quasi tutti i paesi occidentali. Per questo motivo, qualsiasi nuovo studio sul tema può suscitare il sospetto di rielaborare le idee già esistenti. Però, il semplice fatto che dai primi commenti su Hoffmann fino ad oggi siano state scritte tante opere contrassegnate con il marchio del fantastico così diverse tra di loro rende legittima la necessità di una definizione dettagliata e minuziosa fornita con somma diligenza e scrupolosità. Pertanto, lo scopo di quest’articolo è di affrontare una questione a cui non è stata data una risposta adeguata nelle ricerche precedenti in questo campo di studio, cioè l’analisi profonda degli inizi del fantastico. Però si intendono qui non gli inizi letterari, poiché quelli sono già stati descritti in modo dettagliato nella letteratura critica, ma le origini linguistiche ed il principio cognitivo da cui deriva il lemma fantastico. Pertanto, per colmare questo gap di ricerca, prenderò libertà di occuparmi al primo posto della definizione lessicografica fornita dai dizionari moderni, poi traccerò le trasformazioni storiche del significato di fantastico nella lingua italiana fin dalle origini dell’italiano come lingua nazionale.","PeriodicalId":32741,"journal":{"name":"Torunskie Studia PolskoWloskie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66714458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Domestic Mechanism of Statement’s Control During the Election Campaign – Guideline in the light of the ECtHR’s Jurisprudence 竞选过程中言论控制的国内机制——基于欧洲人权委员会判例的指引
Torunskie Studia PolskoWloskie Pub Date : 2020-12-17 DOI: 10.12775/tsp-w.2020.020
Kamil Kapica
{"title":"Domestic Mechanism of Statement’s Control During the Election Campaign – Guideline in the light of the ECtHR’s Jurisprudence","authors":"Kamil Kapica","doi":"10.12775/tsp-w.2020.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/tsp-w.2020.020","url":null,"abstract":"Preventing the progressive phenomena of negative campaign, demagogy and dissemination of false information is one the most important challenges for a qualitative election campaign. One of the solutions may be establishing accelerated electoral proceedings, for which a pattern can be sought inter alia, in polish legislation (article 111 of Polish Electoral Code). Although the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg has never comprehensively commented on accelerated control mechanism in the election campaign, the case-law analysis allows to identify the minimum standards. The article indicates a cross-sectional understanding of freedom of expression in regard to electoral campaign, as well as minimum requirements to be met by those mechanism.","PeriodicalId":32741,"journal":{"name":"Torunskie Studia PolskoWloskie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66714628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Wojewoda jako organ nadzoru nad działalnością jednostek samorządu terytorialnego 作为地方政府单位活动的监督机构
Torunskie Studia PolskoWloskie Pub Date : 2020-12-17 DOI: 10.12775/33978
Stanisław Bułajewski
{"title":"Wojewoda jako organ nadzoru nad działalnością jednostek samorządu terytorialnego","authors":"Stanisław Bułajewski","doi":"10.12775/33978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/33978","url":null,"abstract":"W ramach artykułu została przeprowadzona analiza wybranych kwestii, związanych z problematyką nadzoru nad działalnością samorządu terytorialnego. Problematyka ta została scharakteryzowana w konfrontacji z najważniejszym konstytucyjnym podmiotem do tego powołanym, tj. z wojewodą. Swoje rozważania rozpocząłem od analizy nadzoru w kontekście konstytucyjnym. Następnie przeszedłem do próby przedstawienia poglądów na temat dwóch ściśle powiązanych ze sobą pojęć, a mianowicie do pojęcia kontroli i pojęcia nadzoru. Kolejnym elementem artykułu było przedstawienie wojewody – jego umiejscowienia w strukturze władzy, z jednoczesnym zaprezentowaniem wybranych uprawnień i obowiązków, głównie w kontekście nadzoru, jaki ten organ pełni w stosunku do jednostek samorządu terytorialnego. Niezwykle istotnym elementem pracy była również krótka charakterystyka przedmiotu nadzoru, kryterium nadzoru oraz środków nadzorczych, jakie w stosunku do jednostek samorządu terytorialnego wojewodzie przysługują. Niemal każda część artykułu odnosiła się do licznych poglądów doktryny, aktualnego prawodawstwa i orzecznictwa. Bez prezentacji owego orzecznictwa nie byłoby możliwe prawidłowe zinterpretowanie spornych kwestii. Całość zwieńczyło krótkie podsumowanie.","PeriodicalId":32741,"journal":{"name":"Torunskie Studia PolskoWloskie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66539197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Scrivere la paura: depressione, afasia, terapia nell’opera di Simona Vinci 写恐惧:抑郁，失语，治疗在西莫纳·芬奇的戏剧
Torunskie Studia PolskoWloskie Pub Date : 2020-12-17 DOI: 10.12775/tsp-w.2020.013
Stefano Redaelli
{"title":"Scrivere la paura: depressione, afasia, terapia nell’opera di Simona Vinci","authors":"Stefano Redaelli","doi":"10.12775/tsp-w.2020.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/tsp-w.2020.013","url":null,"abstract":"Simona Vinci, classe 1970, è una delle voci letterarie italiane più significative dell’ultimo trentennio. Il suo esordio, nel 1997, con Dei bambini non si sa niente, vincitore nel 2000 del Premio Elsa Morante, viene accolto molto positivamente dal pubblico e dalla critica. La sua raccolta di racconti In tutti i sensi come l’amore (1999) ed il romanzo Come prima delle madri (2003) entrano nella cinquina finalista del Premio Campiello, che l’autrice si aggiudica nel 2016 con il romanzo, La prima verità.","PeriodicalId":32741,"journal":{"name":"Torunskie Studia PolskoWloskie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66714353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The reshaping of the administrative procedure through technology as an opportunity to reinforce subjects’ rights 以技术为契机重塑行政程序，强化主体权利
Torunskie Studia PolskoWloskie Pub Date : 2020-12-17 DOI: 10.12775/tsp-w.2020.001
Ana Neves
{"title":"The reshaping of the administrative procedure through technology as an opportunity to reinforce subjects’ rights","authors":"Ana Neves","doi":"10.12775/tsp-w.2020.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/tsp-w.2020.001","url":null,"abstract":"The digital transformation of public administrations is visible in the way several services are being delivered, in the communication tools that are being used and on access to administrative information. Technology intervenes more deeply in decision-making procedures. The administrative decisions are increasingly based on automated processing, either partially or fully. Automated decision-making can facilitate the correctness of decisions, insofar as computing and algorithms potentially make the application of law less conducive to errors of fact and errors of law, and to motivations beyond the protected legal interests. It, however, poses interesting challenges: it redefines the very concept of executive application of the law (e.g., creating or making use of an administrative intermediate rationality), of procedural information gathering, of the duty to give reasons for decisions and of the way of reviewing them. Regardless of the automatization of decision-making, the administrative information systems interoperability conciliated with the data portability right redefine the gathering of information and evidence, reinforcing the principle of investigation, which can mean a higher accuracy of fact-finding with less burden on individuals. In both cases, the use of technology in the administrative procedure demands rethinking the meaning of central values of the exercise of administrative powers.","PeriodicalId":32741,"journal":{"name":"Torunskie Studia PolskoWloskie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66714384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
E-administration in Poland in an audit perspective 从审计的角度看波兰的电子行政
Torunskie Studia PolskoWloskie Pub Date : 2020-12-17 DOI: 10.12775/tsp-w.2020.004
K. Witkowska-Chrzczonowicz, Maciej Serowaniec
{"title":"E-administration in Poland in an audit perspective","authors":"K. Witkowska-Chrzczonowicz, Maciej Serowaniec","doi":"10.12775/tsp-w.2020.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/tsp-w.2020.004","url":null,"abstract":"E-administration is a relatively new concept related to the broader technological progress and development of modern technologies, as well as a key condition for the development of an effective information society. E-administration means that the state provides as much of its own public services as possible via the Internet in order to facilitate numerous entities, including its own citizens, enterprises, the academia, etc., as well as to guarantee access to various public services and make the access more affordable. Thanks to such measures, citizens’ satisfaction with the administration increases, and the competitiveness of countries and enterprises increases as well.","PeriodicalId":32741,"journal":{"name":"Torunskie Studia PolskoWloskie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66714009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Alessandro Manzoni: il «reale» e il «possibile» nel dialogo Dell’invenzione Alessandro Manzoni:发明对话中的“真实”和“可能”
Torunskie Studia PolskoWloskie Pub Date : 2020-12-17 DOI: 10.12775/tsp-w.2020.009
V. Fiore
{"title":"Alessandro Manzoni: il «reale» e il «possibile» nel dialogo Dell’invenzione","authors":"V. Fiore","doi":"10.12775/tsp-w.2020.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/tsp-w.2020.009","url":null,"abstract":"Il dialogo Dell’invenzione, pubblicato nel 1850, sembra a prima vista del tutto estraneo all’arco della quasi quarantennale riflessione teorica manzoniana, che sul tema del rapporto fra storia e invenzione, dai cosiddetti Materiali estetici al Discorso del romanzo storico, sfugge sia all’ambito del formularismo pragmatico classicista sia all’opposta opzione romantica. Tale visione critica può intervenire a relegare il dialogo manzoniano al puro settore dei suoi scritti filosofici, e dunque a considerarlo di interesse minore, proprio per il suo oggetto, che è l’ontologia e la gnoseologia rosminiana, discussa dai tre personaggi fittizi di Primo, Secondo e Terzo.","PeriodicalId":32741,"journal":{"name":"Torunskie Studia PolskoWloskie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66714105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
<>. La nominazione in Viaggio terrestre e celeste di Simone Martini >。西蒙·马丁尼的天地之旅
Torunskie Studia PolskoWloskie Pub Date : 2020-12-17 DOI: 10.12775/tsp-w.2020.012
A. Luzi
{"title":"<<Dentro la lingua avita>>. La nominazione in Viaggio terrestre e celeste di Simone Martini","authors":"A. Luzi","doi":"10.12775/tsp-w.2020.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/tsp-w.2020.012","url":null,"abstract":"La poetica della parola è l’asse portante della scrittura di Mario Luzi, a partire dalle prime prove ermetiche impostate sull’idea neoplatonica della parola come rivelazione dell’essere fino agli assillanti interrogativi che intessono gli ultimi componimenti e che sono la traccia di un profondo dubbio epistemologico, non risolto dall’adesione del poeta alla fede cristiana.I saggi critici, che accompagnano come una sorta di autocommento la produzione in versi, sono disseminati da una serie di riflessioni sulla potenzialità dell’atto poetico che si configurano come complesso “itinerario del dicibile”.Nell’arco di più di mezzo secolo Luzi  progressivamente innesta il concetto ebraico di davar  a quello greco di logos, perno  filosofico e teologico della poetica ermetica.","PeriodicalId":32741,"journal":{"name":"Torunskie Studia PolskoWloskie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66714280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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