Alejandro Gómez-Camacho, Coral I. Hunt-Gómez, Francisco Núñez-Román, Adrián Neubauer Esteban
{"title":"“Not all motherfuckers are MENA, but most MENA are motherfuckers”","authors":"Alejandro Gómez-Camacho, Coral I. Hunt-Gómez, Francisco Núñez-Román, Adrián Neubauer Esteban","doi":"10.1075/jlac.00083.gom","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/jlac.00083.gom","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The number of unaccompanied foreign minors (Menor Extranjero No Acompañado, MENA) in Spain has\u0000 risen, which has led to them being the subject of discriminatory language and negative stereotyping on Twitter. This study\u0000 analyses the characteristics of hate speech against MENA on the social platform Twitter and seeks to identify its\u0000 triggers. A quantitative analysis using text mining and text analytics was performed on 10,776 tweets mentioning\u0000 MENA published from January 2018 to March 2021. The study concluded that hate speech was built around the\u0000 terms criminal, rape and steal, and was characterized by use of language that stripped these\u0000 minors of the features usually attributed to children, a process which can be described as adultification.\u0000 Similarly, the analysis revealed that the main trigger of hate speech was the way in which the media reported violent crimes\u0000 attributed to MENA, displaying what was perceived as positive bias towards their integration.","PeriodicalId":324436,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language Aggression and Conflict","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125888668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Conflictual translanguaging in the linguistic landscape of a divided city","authors":"Stavroula Tsiplakou","doi":"10.1075/jlac.00081.tsi","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/jlac.00081.tsi","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Nicosia is a divided European capital; the two major ethnic communities on the island, Greek and Turkish Cypriots, were separated de facto following the war of 1974. The inner-city areas delimited by the UN-controlled buffer zone were long abandoned but recently there have been attempts at gentrification. The landscape is linguistically and textually rich and diverse; walls, fences, doorways, even the walls of the ‘border’ are inscribed with an abundance of texts including political slogans, advertisements for rallies or local festivals, graffiti, posters, stencilled images, etc. In this paper, I focus on the visual and linguistic dialectic of texts that are generated ‘top-down’ and texts generated ‘bottom-up’; the former display normativity and linguistic prescriptivism, as the dominant language is Standard Greek, the ‘H’ variety in the Greek Cypriot diglossic context. In the latter, the linguistic choice de rigueur is translanguaging, involving (i) aspects of the Cypriot Greek dialect, the ‘L’ variety that is still by-and-large banned from the public domain, and code-mixing between Standard and Cypriot Greek, (ii) the use of other languages, mostly English but also French, Turkish, Russian, among others, (iii) ungrammatical structures or ‘nonsensical’ texts and (iv) subversion of orthographic conventions, etc. A micro-level linguistic analysis of individual texts and of particular types of translanguaging and linguistic and orthographic bricolage is proffered and the argument is put forward that the counternormativity of such production is predicated not only upon its content and form but crucially also upon its interdiscursivity and its engagement in an ongoing conflictual dialectic with ‘top-down’ prescriptive production.","PeriodicalId":324436,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language Aggression and Conflict","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115236458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Competing place names","authors":"Yliana V. Rodríguez, A. Elizaincín","doi":"10.1075/jlac.00080.rod","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/jlac.00080.rod","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The ongoing Argentinian claim of sovereignty over the Falklands has impacted its toponymy by assigning the archipelago,\u0000 and places within it, different names than those used on the Islands. Place naming phenomena like this one have not received much attention.\u0000 To our knowledge, there is no prior research either on place naming in the Falklands within the framework of critical toponomatics or on\u0000 ethnography regarding Islanders’ language attitudes. This is a preliminary attempt to do so, by looking into the Spanish place names used in\u0000 Argentinian maps but not in local ones. In our analysis, we further resort to in situ interviews, participant observation, and social media\u0000 data. Our analysis suggests that these Argentinian toponyms receive neither official nor societal approval by Islanders. We conclude that\u0000 Argentinian Spanish names became a point of contention because of the political conflict, leading to a linguistic conflict scenario.","PeriodicalId":324436,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language Aggression and Conflict","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128826417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reinventing identity and resistance ideology in protest narratives","authors":"PraiseGod Aminu, Innocent Chiluwa","doi":"10.1075/jlac.00078.ami","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/jlac.00078.ami","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The Oduduwa secessionist group is a good reminder that Nigeria’s nationhood is still highly contested.\u0000 Unfortunately, there appears to be very little or no linguistic research on the discourses produced by this emerging group of\u0000 activists. This study examines Oduduwa agitators’ Facebook activism as a form of political communication in order to identify\u0000 their prevalent ideology and techniques for constructing their group’s identity and activities.\u0000 Facebook data are studied by\u0000 applying Critical Discourse Analysis, more specifically van Dijk’s ideological framework, to investigate the rhetorical and\u0000 discourse structures of the campaign narratives. Findings indicate that, since the Oduduwa agitators are a group of individuals\u0000 determined to secede from Nigeria, the structures of their campaign discourse contain crucial metaphorical expressions that\u0000 construct the group’s identity. Among those expressions, we find prejudicial generalisations, emphasis on victimisation of ‘Us’,\u0000 the use of number games to stress victimhood and ideological polarisation of individuals and groups.","PeriodicalId":324436,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language Aggression and Conflict","volume":"129 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122063511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Rhetorical questions as reproaching devices","authors":"Marta Albelda Marco","doi":"10.1075/jlac.00077.alb","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/jlac.00077.alb","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper studies rhetorical questions containing cognitive verbs that function as reproaches in Spanish. Its two\u0000 main goals are to determine the degree of specialization of rhetorical questions as reproaches and to examine the characterization\u0000 of reproaching as a speech act, indicating the distinctive features that distinguish it from other similar speech acts.\u0000 Based on a contextual analysis of approximately 500 instances of reproaches in conflict talk drawn from the\u0000 Spanish Royal Academy’s Corpes XXI corpus, I identify and describe the most commonly used cognitive verbs and syntactic structures used\u0000 in rhetorical questions. The results show that reproach is a reactive-provocative speech act in which the speaker reacts to a\u0000 contradiction perceived in their interlocutor’s words, actions or thoughts. The speaker appeals to their interlocutor’s moral\u0000 conscience, making them think about this inconsistency; finally, the speaker creates the expectation of a duty that should have\u0000 been carried out by the interlocutor.","PeriodicalId":324436,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language Aggression and Conflict","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131997648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Journalistic practice in the international press corps","authors":"Lindy Comstock","doi":"10.1075/jlac.00076.com","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/jlac.00076.com","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This paper investigates what form journalistic questioning takes within the international press corps when representatives of different press systems work in close proximity. Within the U.S. context, adversarial questioning is valued as a key resource to ensure an independent press. Yet independent journalism is not universally upheld in media systems worldwide; Russian officials have explicitly criticized adversarial reporting by Western journalists in their coverage of Russian affairs. Questions posed to Russian Presidents Putin and Medvedev in G8/G20 press conferences 2000–2015 were assessed for two indicators: (a) initiative, and (b) critical content, with the aim to determine whether journalistic practice will converge in an international context, and whether the rise in adversarialness documented within U.S. presidential press conferences parallels a more general international phenomenon. Findings show a significant increase in both indicators over time and by presidential term. Questioning practices exhibited by Russian, non-Western, and Western journalists are discussed.","PeriodicalId":324436,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language Aggression and Conflict","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125564618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dualisms in Jihad","authors":"K. Patterson","doi":"10.1075/jlac.00075.pat","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/jlac.00075.pat","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper explores how metaphors are employed in jihadist magazines to promote a dichotomist worldview of ‘us’\u0000 versus ‘them’, ‘good’ versus ‘bad’, ‘east’ versus ‘west’ and ‘right’ versus ‘wrong’. It argues that juxtapositions in both\u0000 language and thought help writers to reaffirm and/or challenge certain paradigms. The approach uses critical metaphor analysis\u0000 (Charteris-Black 2004) to investigate qualitative evidence of conceptual metaphors,\u0000 focusing on the domains life is a seed, conflict is a relationship between predator and prey, and faith is light/lack\u0000 of faith is darkness. Dichotomous language in these domains (e.g., ‘seed’ versus ‘weed’; ‘sheep’ versus ‘wolves’; the\u0000 ‘spark of Jihad’ versus the ‘shadow’ of Western governments) helps to position extremist groups on the right side of a number of\u0000 paradigms. The use of binary metaphors also permits simultaneously conflicting conceptualisations; for instance, jihadists are\u0000 both innocent victims and merciless defenders of their faith, depending on with whom or what they are juxtaposed. The research\u0000 concludes that the use of binary metaphors serves to underscore entrenched paradigms of ‘good’ versus ‘bad’, thus allowing the\u0000 writers to frame their discourse in a way that justifies and promotes their extremist agenda.","PeriodicalId":324436,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language Aggression and Conflict","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129697018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Slang and verbal aggression","authors":"Elisa Mattiello","doi":"10.1075/jlac.00074.mat","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/jlac.00074.mat","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 While lexical and discourse strategies of hate speech have widely been studied hitherto, there is limited research\u0000 devoted to the contribution of grammatical and morphological aspects to verbal aggression. This paper provides a corpus-assisted\u0000 analysis of slang morphological means used in verbal aggression. The focus is on four compound families (X-ass,\u0000 X-brain, X-face, X-head), which are often used in slang to form compound\u0000 words referring to specific groups, such as homosexuals, fools, or ineffectual people. The paper adopts a morphopragmatic approach\u0000 to investigate three pragmatic meanings/functions – namely, derisive, critical, and offensive – of slang words in situations of\u0000 conflict. The combination of quantitative and qualitative analyses of data drawn from the Corpus of Contemporary American\u0000 English (COCA) shows the frequency of the morphological processes, their privileged genres and contexts, as well as\u0000 their negative potential and face-threatening power.","PeriodicalId":324436,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language Aggression and Conflict","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129943419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Love thy ‘populist’","authors":"Barbora Čapinská","doi":"10.1075/jlac.00072.cap","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/jlac.00072.cap","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article aims to deepen our understanding of scandals involving both transgression of accepted speech and\u0000 populist logic by analysing the origins, development, and outcome of a 2018 Czech media controversy. The scandal erupted when a\u0000 public service radio station was accused of airing pornographic content. It escalated when the accuser added a xenophobic,\u0000 homophobic and nativist commentary to his complaint. By analysing each party’s arguments, the contested and silenced ideas, and\u0000 the fantasmatic dimension, I demonstrate how each actor contributed to the escalation of the conflict and facilitated a shift in\u0000 accepted public conduct. I propose to view such scandals as attempts to break hegemonic silence that reveal the lack of acceptance\u0000 of a new norm, in this case homosexuality. I conclude that such scandals can support dialogue and reduce the polarization of\u0000 society if dissenting views are taken into consideration and divisive language avoided by all sides.","PeriodicalId":324436,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language Aggression and Conflict","volume":"122 46","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120825489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Countering linguistic violence by place-making in the public space","authors":"Malika Sabri, Robert Blackwood","doi":"10.1075/jlac.00071.sab","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/jlac.00071.sab","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Much is discussed in the literature about the Arabization of Algeria’s public space since its independence from France in\u0000 1962. This privileging of the contest between Arabic and French eclipses the stake claimed by speakers of Tamazight, the Afro-Asiatic\u0000 language spoken by the majority in the historic province of Kabylia, to the east of the capital Algiers. Taking the wilaya\u0000 of Tizi-Ouzou, in the heart of Kabylia, as the focus for this article, we adopt a performative approach to exploring the making of place,\u0000 and in particular a Tamazightophone space, by triangulating traditional Linguistic Landscape data, interviews with residents, and 200 years\u0000 of competing language management strategies. In response to the linguistic violence perpetrated by French colonial powers and aggressive\u0000 Arabisation policies, we investigate how the discourses of place, particularly Amazigh cultural and linguistic identity, challenge the\u0000 double erasure of Tamazight.","PeriodicalId":324436,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language Aggression and Conflict","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125138075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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