{"title":"Polarisation in Venezuelan presidential tweets","authors":"Silvia Peterssen","doi":"10.1075/jlac.00093.pet","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/jlac.00093.pet","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The Venezuelan Presidential Crisis emerged as a unique polarising political scenario in January 2019, when Juan\u0000 Guaidó, president of the National Assembly, proclaimed himself interim president of the country, despite the victory obtained by\u0000 Nicolás Maduro in the May 2018 presidential elections. Considering this context and the role of social media in the spread of\u0000 polarisation, the present manuscript examines how metaphors and social actor representations act as divisive discursive tools in\u0000 the tweets of Maduro and Guaidó. To do so, a corpus of tweets posted by these politicians during the first year of the conflict\u0000 (2019–2020) is analysed, adopting a target-based approach (Stefanowitsch and Gries\u0000 2006) to identify the polarising metaphors and a socio-cognitive framework (Darics and\u0000 Koller 2019; van Leeuwen 2008) to study the social actor representations.\u0000 The results reveal that these discursive devices help both leaders to construct their social identities, legitimise themselves,\u0000 delegitimise the other and reproduce their polarising ideological schemas.","PeriodicalId":324436,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language Aggression and Conflict","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140698530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Is this War?","authors":"Ruth Breeze, María Fernanda Novoa-Jaso","doi":"10.1075/jlac.00092.bre","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/jlac.00092.bre","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Media discourse around particular subjects comes to shape people’s understanding of that topic. In particular, the\u0000 words used to describe situations of violence and conflict may colour public perceptions. This paper identifies the main words\u0000 used to describe the Russia-Ukraine conflict by three international media outlets, Al Jazeera, Euronews and\u0000 CGTN, from February to May 2022. Following the methodology of corpus-assisted discourse studies, it analyses\u0000 the nouns used and their most frequent collocates, showing how these reveal the different ways the war was represented in these\u0000 three media. The results are discussed in the light of differing theories concerning Chinese and Western stances to the conflict,\u0000 illustrating media roles in the shaping and reproduction of dominant discourses.","PeriodicalId":324436,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language Aggression and Conflict","volume":"5 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140263187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seyed Mohammadreza Mortazavi, H. Zandi, Mohammad Makki
{"title":"“A history lesson, perhaps, for my novice counterpart”","authors":"Seyed Mohammadreza Mortazavi, H. Zandi, Mohammad Makki","doi":"10.1075/jlac.00091.mor","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/jlac.00091.mor","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In this paper, we explore how (im)politeness and face are managed by two top diplomats of the US and Iran amidst\u0000 an ongoing conflict where both claim to occupy moral high grounds. To that end, 360 relevant tweets posted on the Iranian Foreign\u0000 Minister and US Secretary of State’s official accounts over one year were selected and analyzed qualitatively through the\u0000 theoretical lens of Culpeper’s (2011) impoliteness formulae and implicational\u0000 impoliteness framework. Three overarching pragmatic functions were identified: criticizing the adversary, giving directives, and\u0000 showing solidarity with allies while projecting a significant amount of face-threat to the adversary. We also identified three\u0000 main strategies that they used to justify their impoliteness, namely, appeal to the moral order, appeal to common sense, and\u0000 appeal to international conventions and regulations. These findings can contribute to impoliteness literature by providing\u0000 insights into the pragmatic functions and justifications in political communication, where the speakers have to balance their face\u0000 needs and their communicative goals.","PeriodicalId":324436,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language Aggression and Conflict","volume":"5 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138944575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"“You look like my 14-year-old daughter”","authors":"Wanwen Wang, Jonathan Ngai","doi":"10.1075/jlac.00090.wan","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/jlac.00090.wan","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The main purpose of this corpus-based study is to examine the different types of sexist language women are\u0000 subjected to in their daily interactions with men, together with their hidden ideologies. To this end, we analysed a total of\u0000 1,118 English tweets posted on the hashtag #everydaysexism on Twitter over a year. Results indicate that women experience both\u0000 overt and indirect verbal aggression in different domains of life, expressed through a range of sexist linguistic markers, and\u0000 that such aggression often reflect the users’ beliefs and values about men and women. By using a category-based model to examine a\u0000 feminist narrative hashtag where women’s experiences of sexism are shared, our study offers a robust and principled approach to\u0000 conducting a corpus-based, cross-domain discourse analysis of sexism in daily communication.","PeriodicalId":324436,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language Aggression and Conflict","volume":"3 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138944284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sahar Rasoulikolamaki, Surinderpal Kaur, N. Salahshour
{"title":"A multimodal analysis of (de)legitimation through argumentation in extremist discourse: The case of Dabiq","authors":"Sahar Rasoulikolamaki, Surinderpal Kaur, N. Salahshour","doi":"10.1075/jlac.00089.ras","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/jlac.00089.ras","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Even after the demise of its territorial caliphate in 2019, ISIS persists as a potent threat, adapting to new technologies and maintaining its status as an active insurgency. Amidst the backdrop of the terror group’s demonstrated resilience, this paper examines its practice of (de)legitimation and language of persuasion through a multimodal argumentation analysis. It combines the argumentation strategies (topoi) proposed by Discourse-Historical Approach (DHA) and tools from Social Semiotics with argumentation theories, achieved through a comprehensive enthymematic deconstruction of arguments in ISIS’s e-magazine, Dabiq. The findings reveal four interrelated sets of plausibly inferable premises, namely, advantage and disadvantage; threat and obligation; negative consequence and history; and authority and Shariah law. These premises fall within broad social, political, historical, and religious categories and are deliberately crafted to lend support to ISIS’s desired conclusions, aimed at systematically altering the addressees’ state of knowledge and eventually eliciting acceptance from the intended public.","PeriodicalId":324436,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language Aggression and Conflict","volume":"85 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138981572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review of Serafis (2023): Authoritarianism on the Front Page: Multimodal discourse and argumentation in times of multiple crises in Greece","authors":"J. Eckstein","doi":"10.1075/jlac.00087.eck","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/jlac.00087.eck","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":324436,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language Aggression and Conflict","volume":"67 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138594683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"“The denigration of Korean men’s genitals”","authors":"Lucien Brown","doi":"10.1075/jlac.00088.bro","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/jlac.00088.bro","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper presents a critical discourse analysis of metapragmatic commentary in online news surrounding the\u0000 emergence of a new offensive gesture in South Korea. This new offensive hand shape is a “precision grip” gesture whereby the thumb\u0000 and index finger are pursed together to represent small size. In May 2021, male-dominated online communities started to take\u0000 offence at the prevalence of this gesture in advertising campaigns, viewing it as a misandrist emblem mocking them for the size of\u0000 their genitals. Conservative media sources ratified their stance of “taking offence”, which they treated as part of an ongoing\u0000 “gender conflict”. Although this view drew opposition from progressive sources, I argue that male communities backed by the\u0000 conservative media were able to utilise the stance of taking offence to redirect gender politics and further their misogynistic\u0000 agendas. The results advance our understanding of “taking offence” as a social action in populist, multimodal and post-digital\u0000 discourses.","PeriodicalId":324436,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language Aggression and Conflict","volume":"52 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138602177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Paula Carvalho, Danielle Caled, Cláudia Silva, F. Batista, R. Ribeiro
{"title":"The expression of hate speech against Afro-descendant, Roma, and LGBTQ+ communities in YouTube comments","authors":"Paula Carvalho, Danielle Caled, Cláudia Silva, F. Batista, R. Ribeiro","doi":"10.1075/jlac.00085.car","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/jlac.00085.car","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper addresses the specificities of online hate speech against the Afro-descendant, Roma, and LGBTQ+\u0000 communities in Portugal. The research is based on the analysis of CO-HATE, a corpus composed of 20,590 YouTube comments, which\u0000 were manually annotated following detailed guidelines created for that purpose. We applied methods from corpus\u0000 linguistics to assess the prevalence of overt and covert hate speech, counter-speech, and offensive speech, considering different\u0000 grounds of discrimination, and to investigate the main linguistic and rhetorical strategies underlying hatred messages. The\u0000 research results highlight the importance of tackling covert hate speech, a recurring phenomenon often anchored in irony and\u0000 fallacious argumentation, including the emotional appeal to fear and the implicit call to action. We believe this study will aid\u0000 in advancing the analysis of online hate speech, while promoting the development of efficient automated detection models,\u0000 specifically regarding the Portuguese language.","PeriodicalId":324436,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language Aggression and Conflict","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116034048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Miguel-Ángel Benítez-Castro, E. Hidalgo-Tenorio, K. Patterson, Manuel Moyano, I. González
{"title":"They were not radical, even when they committed that","authors":"Miguel-Ángel Benítez-Castro, E. Hidalgo-Tenorio, K. Patterson, Manuel Moyano, I. González","doi":"10.1075/jlac.00084.ben","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/jlac.00084.ben","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Identity conflict and the loss of meaning experienced by some Muslim young people in Western countries are key\u0000 factors behind fanaticism, leading some of them to find purpose in life within extremist groups (Adam-Troian et al. 2021; Moyano and González 2021). The\u0000 narrative that emerges from the radicalisation process provides a rich source for psychologists and discourse analysts, exploring\u0000 not only the ‘why’ and the ‘how’, but also issues stemming from self-perception and other-representation. Such conflict-based\u0000 narratives materialise in individuals’ evaluative language patterns (Etaywe and Zappavigna\u0000 2022). In this paper, we conduct a close analysis of the discursive construction of emotion and opinion in a collection\u0000 of semi-structured interviews with social workers or neighbours who knew the perpetrators of the 2017 terrorist attacks in\u0000 Barcelona and Cambrils. To do so, we use corpus-driven methodologies and a refined version of Martin and White’s (2005) Appraisal framework (see Benítez-Castro and\u0000 Hidalgo-Tenorio 2019). Our analysis aims to cast light on the social frictions that may have contributed to their\u0000 endorsement of violence (Moyano et al. 2021).","PeriodicalId":324436,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language Aggression and Conflict","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115416073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Understanding and appraising ‘hate speech’","authors":"Sara Vilar-Lluch","doi":"10.1075/jlac.00082.vil","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/jlac.00082.vil","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Hate speech has become a matter of international concern, permeating institutional and lay discussions alike. Yet,\u0000 exactly what it means to refer to a linguistic act as ‘hate speech’ remains unclear. This paper examines the lay understanding of\u0000 hate speech, focusing on (1) the relationship between hate speech and hate, and (2) the relationship between hate speech and\u0000 offensive speech. As part of the second question, the paper considers how hate speech is defined as a legal matter in the UK\u0000 Public Order Act 1986. The study adopts a corpus-based discourse analysis approach and examines 255 hate speech-related news\u0000 articles and the general English Web 2020 corpus. Hate speech is a complex multifaceted phenomenon; while ‘hate’\u0000 is one of its core characteristics, it is not sufficient to assess a certain behaviour as hate speech. Threats, denigration of the\u0000 targets based on a protected characteristic (age, race, religion, sex, sexual orientation, disability), the potential to cause\u0000 harm and the intent to stir up hatred are also essential in distinguishing hate speech and offense.","PeriodicalId":324436,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Language Aggression and Conflict","volume":"8 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126633661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}