{"title":"Machine learning-guided Orbitrap-HRAMS-based metabolomic fingerprinting for geographical origin, variety and tissue specific authentication, and adulteration detection of turmeric and ashwagandha","authors":"Ch. Ratnasekhar, Abhishek Kumar Rai, Poonam Raqwal, Samreen Khan, Anoop Kumar Verma, Pradipto Mukhopadhyay, Priya Rathor, Lal Hinghrani, Nick Birse, Ritu Trivedi, Prabodh Kumar Trivedi","doi":"10.1016/j.foodchem.2025.144078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2025.144078","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing global demand for herbs and spices in food and nutraceutical industries highlights their key functional benefits, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Ensuring authenticity and traceability is essential to counteract challenges such as geographical origin (GO) mislabelling and tissue- or variety-specific adulteration, which can undermine product quality and safety. This study employs LC-Orbitrap-MS-based untargeted metabolomics coupled with machine learning to authenticate the GO, variety, and tissue specificity of turmeric (<em>Curcuma longa</em>) and ashwagandha (<em>Withania somnifera</em>), two widely used food ingredients. Four GO-specific turmeric samples, three tissue- and variety- specific ashwagandha samples, and adulterated market samples were analysed using data-dependent acquisition mode. Machine learning algorithms identified key biomarkers and constructed robust classification models, achieving 98 % specificity and accuracy in authenticating GO, variety, and tissue specificity, even in adulterated samples. These results demonstrate the value of integrating advanced metabolomics and machine learning for quality assurance and food safety in the global market.","PeriodicalId":318,"journal":{"name":"Food Chemistry","volume":"183 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143734341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Food ChemistryPub Date : 2025-03-28DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2025.144011
Mariana C. Leal-Alcazar, Frida Bautista-Palestina, María del R. Rocha-Pizaña, Luis Mojica, Alan Javier Hernández-Álvarez, Diego A. Luna-Vital
{"title":"Extraction, stabilization, and health application of betalains: An update","authors":"Mariana C. Leal-Alcazar, Frida Bautista-Palestina, María del R. Rocha-Pizaña, Luis Mojica, Alan Javier Hernández-Álvarez, Diego A. Luna-Vital","doi":"10.1016/j.foodchem.2025.144011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2025.144011","url":null,"abstract":"Betalains are nitrogenous compounds principally produced by a select group of plants of the <em>Caryophyllale</em>s order, characterized by the vibrant coloration on bracts, flowers, leaves, seeds, and fruits. Betalains are produced by tyrosine metabolism and derived from a common precursor: betalamic acid. They are categorized into two principal groups: betacyanins and betaxanthins. Their technological importance is of great interest to the food industry due to their role as a natural pigment. Still, in recent years, it also relied on its high biological potential such as free-radical scavenging, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and anti-diabetic, among other applications. However, challenges related to their bioavailability and low stability have to be addressed. The review summarizes and analyses the most current advances in extraction methods to preserve their structure, the novel trends that guarantee their stability, and the most explored health applications of betalain extracts from various plant sources.","PeriodicalId":318,"journal":{"name":"Food Chemistry","volume":"95 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143734348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Food ChemistryPub Date : 2025-03-28DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2025.144073
Anna V. Shik, Irina A. Stepanova, Marina V. Koksharova, Irina A. Doroshenko, Tatyana A. Podrugina, Ulyana A. Bliznyuk, Polina Yu. Borshchegovskaya, Alexander P. Chernyaev, Irina A. Ananieva, Igor A. Rodin, Mikhail K. Beklemishev
{"title":"Estimation of irradiation doses in chicken samples using a reaction-based fingerprinting method","authors":"Anna V. Shik, Irina A. Stepanova, Marina V. Koksharova, Irina A. Doroshenko, Tatyana A. Podrugina, Ulyana A. Bliznyuk, Polina Yu. Borshchegovskaya, Alexander P. Chernyaev, Irina A. Ananieva, Igor A. Rodin, Mikhail K. Beklemishev","doi":"10.1016/j.foodchem.2025.144073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2025.144073","url":null,"abstract":"Food irradiation on an industrial scale calls for the development of rapid and inexpensive methods for the dose estimation after irradiation. An emerging solution to this problem is a reaction-based optical sensing strategy that is based on monitoring dose-dependent indicator reactions. In this study, raw chicken breast samples from three producers were irradiated with 1 MeV accelerated electrons, extracted with water for 24 h, and introduced into reactions of carbocyanine dyes with H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> or hypochlorite. The absorbance and fluorescence of the reaction mixtures in different spectral ranges were measured photographically as a function of time. Supervised machine learning methods allowed to confidently discriminate between the samples irradiated with 250, 1000, and 5000 Gy and non-irradiated samples provided that the samples irradiated with known doses were from the same producers as the unknown ones. Dose estimation for samples from an unknown producer could be implemented by constructing a database using samples from a larger number of producers.","PeriodicalId":318,"journal":{"name":"Food Chemistry","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143734345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Food ChemistryPub Date : 2025-03-28DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2025.144016
Lili Gai, Kai Li, Debao Niu
{"title":"The scent of time: Analyzing the differences in volatile organic compounds of camellia oleifera oil with different oil-tea tree ages using GC–IMS and GC–MS","authors":"Lili Gai, Kai Li, Debao Niu","doi":"10.1016/j.foodchem.2025.144016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2025.144016","url":null,"abstract":"<em>Camellia oleifera</em> oil (CO) is renowned in China for its exceptional nutritional benefits and distinctive aroma. The aroma of old CO from oil-tea tree ages over 30 years differs markedly from that of young CO aged below 8 years. However, the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and aroma characteristics of CO from oil-tea tree at different ages remain unclear. This study identified 82 VOCs using GC-IMS and 112 VOCs using GC–MS. PCA, PLS-DA, correlation analysis, and VIP values revealed distinct VOC profiles between CO obtained from young and old oil-tea tree. The principal characteristic VOCs of CO from young oil-tea tree (4 and 8 years) were 3-methyl-3-buten-1-ol (sweet fruit) and 3-methylbutyl propanoate (apple, apricot, and pineapple). Moreover, the predominant characteristic VOCs of CO from old oil-tea tree (30, 40, and 50 years) were 4-methyl-2-pentanol (pungent), butyl acetate (apple and banana), limonene (lemon and orange), and 2-ethyl-6-methylpyrazine (green, nuts, and roasted).","PeriodicalId":318,"journal":{"name":"Food Chemistry","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143734335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dual-function activity prediction of fingered citron: Integrating hypotensive and Hypolipidaemic effects via molecular docking and QSAR methods","authors":"Yuming Zhong, Ningjing Zhou, Huifan Liu, Bingting Lu, Huang Peng, Jialin Chen, Canhuan Liang, Lin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.foodchem.2025.143929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2025.143929","url":null,"abstract":"For the further research of peptides with hypotensive and hypolipidaemic capacities. This study highlighted the both capacities of Fingered Citron Hydrolysates (FCH). <em>In vitro</em> results shown FCH inhibited ACE activity (slope: −0.11), exhibited pancreatic lipase inhibitory capacity (slope: 22.53), and cholesterol esterase inhibitory capacity (63.25 % at 30 mg/mL). The peptides APPDPIL, DAPIFH, NIPVIGF, and QIPGLN exhibited both these capacities. Active screening and <em>in silico</em> simulations were used for discovery and validation. Notably, <em>in silico</em> simulations validated our hypotheses, with Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) models used to predict the values of hypotensive and hypolipidaemic peptides; molecular docking confirmed the interaction modes. Additionally, this study discusses the active sites and characteristics of hypotensive and hypolipidaemic peptides. The workflow in this study may also provide a viable approach for research on dual-and multifunctional peptides.","PeriodicalId":318,"journal":{"name":"Food Chemistry","volume":"183 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143723454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Food ChemistryPub Date : 2025-03-28DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2025.144067
Xiaoping Yuan, Xian Chen, Chunrong Chai, Min Feng, Yongdan Hu, Zhibiao Yi, Ying Gu, Linguang Ruan, Lunzhao Yi
{"title":"Identifying key contributors to the sweet aftertaste of raw Pu-erh tea through analytical and sensory methods","authors":"Xiaoping Yuan, Xian Chen, Chunrong Chai, Min Feng, Yongdan Hu, Zhibiao Yi, Ying Gu, Linguang Ruan, Lunzhao Yi","doi":"10.1016/j.foodchem.2025.144067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2025.144067","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the key components contributing to raw Pu-erh tea (RAPT) sweet aftertaste were identified. Six RAPTs were investigated through sensory evaluation, mass spectrometry, and taste addition experiments, and 96 taste components of tea infusion were annotated and analyzed. Saliva analysis after drinking tea revealed that 27 components present in tea remained in the mouth. On the basis of the results of the multivariate statistical analyses, we hypothesized that alkaloids and flavonoids might influence the sweet aftertaste strength of RAPT. Finally, the results of the taste addition experiments revealed that theophylline and rutin are key components that significantly influence the intensity of the RAPT. This strategy can be used as a methodology for analyzing the taste of tea, and the results can provide an evaluation index for evaluating the quality of RAPT.","PeriodicalId":318,"journal":{"name":"Food Chemistry","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143734342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Food ChemistryPub Date : 2025-03-28DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2025.144068
Dilawar Hassan, Ayesha Sani
{"title":"Chitosan films developed using all-natural resource for fruit preservation and the impact of lemon Peel extract mediated nickel ferrite nanoparticles on films' physical and barrier properties","authors":"Dilawar Hassan, Ayesha Sani","doi":"10.1016/j.foodchem.2025.144068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2025.144068","url":null,"abstract":"Herein, we report the synthesis of chitosan (CH)-based polymeric films using lemon juice for CH's dissolution. Furthermore, 1 and 2 % of Nickel Ferrite nanoparticles (NPs) were introduced to improve film properties. The mechanical strength of the films jumped from 0.24 MPa to 0.51 MPa. The nanoparticles improved the barrier properties by reducing vapor permeability from 1.201 ± 0.106 to 0.733 ± 0.063 × 10<sup>−10</sup> g.mm/m<sup>2</sup>.d.kPa after introduction of 2 % NPs. Films were also studied for apple cuts preservation for 9 days and the results revealed that the apple cuts stored under the 2 % NiFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> NPs showed a pH of 3.86 ± 0.008 compared to the control's pH of 3.97 ± 0.025. While the ascorbic acid value of apples stored under the 2 % NiFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> NPs CH films was 5 mg/100 mg. Furthermore, the %infection value for samples under 2 % NiFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> NPs CH films was 18.91 ± 2.957 % compared to controls 51.26 ± 3.221 %.","PeriodicalId":318,"journal":{"name":"Food Chemistry","volume":"88 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143734337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Food ChemistryPub Date : 2025-03-28DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2025.144019
Li Tian, Shuning Yang, Guangping Ma, Pengfei Han, Hanyue Jiang, Wenzhuo Wang, Juan Lu
{"title":"A resonance energy transfer electrochemiluminescence sensor based on the synergistic effect of luminol@β-cyclodextrin and Ni-MOF@Pt NPs for the oxytetracycline detection","authors":"Li Tian, Shuning Yang, Guangping Ma, Pengfei Han, Hanyue Jiang, Wenzhuo Wang, Juan Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.foodchem.2025.144019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2025.144019","url":null,"abstract":"The electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensor for detecting oxytetracycline (OTC) was constructed by sequentially modifying luminol@β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and Ni-MOF@Pt NPs on the electrode surface. In this platform, luminol serves as a luminescent reagent, and Pt NPs serve as co-reaction accelerators of the system. β-CD and Ni-MOF are used as carriers to carry luminol and Pt NPs respectively, and the luminescence intensity was further improved by increasing the carrying capacit. In addition, the OTC quenching strategy is adopted, and the constructed sensor is based on the energy transfer of luminol. Under optimal conditions, this sensor exhibited the linear detection range of OTC was found to be between 2.0 × 10<sup>−12</sup> M to 2.0 × 10<sup>−7</sup> M, with a detection limit of 6.7 × 10<sup>−13</sup> M (S/N = 3). The sensor showed good high selectivity and ultra-sensitivity, and obtained satisfactory results when detecting honey and milk samples.","PeriodicalId":318,"journal":{"name":"Food Chemistry","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143734347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Metabolomics analysis of osmotic tolerance enhancement mechanism of wheat gluten peptides on industrial yeast","authors":"Xiaofan Jin, Mingwei Shao, Jun Ding, Lingyun Li, Yun Chen, Haifeng Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.foodchem.2025.144092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2025.144092","url":null,"abstract":"Plant-derived wheat gluten peptides have an effective protective ability on industrial yeast against osmotic stress, the enhancement mechanism of osmotic tolerance in yeast by wheat gluten peptides addition was clarified in this study. Results showed that wheat gluten peptides addition increased the intracellular pH and trehalose levels of yeast under osmotic stress, compared to the control. Furthermore, peptides supplementation could regulate the antioxidant defense system and reduce the reactive oxygen species accumulation in yeast, including the increase of intracellular glutathione levels and the activities of antioxidant enzymes catalase and glutathione peroxidase. Metabolomic results indicated that the enhancement mechanism of wheat gluten peptides on yeast osmotic tolerance was related to the promotion of arginine and proline metabolism, pantothenate and coenzyme A biosynthesis, pyrimidine metabolism, and cysteine and methionine metabolism pathways. These results provide new insight into the enhancement mechanism of yeast stress tolerance by plant-derived peptides from a metabolic perspective.","PeriodicalId":318,"journal":{"name":"Food Chemistry","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143734338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Food ChemistryPub Date : 2025-03-28DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2025.144088
Xiaoli Liu , Jiaxuan Ma , Keshan Wang , Xuan Yao , Yumeng Shan , Xiaohui Lv , Yongguo Jin , Yuanyuan Liu
{"title":"Design strategies and mechanistic insights into stirred egg yolk microgels as dual-functional stabilizers and carriers in emulsion systems","authors":"Xiaoli Liu , Jiaxuan Ma , Keshan Wang , Xuan Yao , Yumeng Shan , Xiaohui Lv , Yongguo Jin , Yuanyuan Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.foodchem.2025.144088","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foodchem.2025.144088","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stirred egg yolk microgels (SYMGs) feature uniform protein-lipid dispersion, possessing potential for encapsulating active ingredients and notable natural emulsifying properties. SYMGs were developed as interfacial emulsifiers, and their physicochemical properties and emulsifying performance were analyzed to reveal the emulsification mechanism. SYMGs processed at 90 MPa exhibited optimal emulsification properties (emulsification activity of 10.11m<sup>2</sup>/g and emulsion stability of 193.45 min). The resulting emulsions maintained stability for 30 days during storage. Cryo-SEM analysis revealed that SYMGs formed a uniform protein cross-linked network with evenly dispersed small lipid droplets, which improved emulsifying efficiency. Finally, it was concluded that the mechanism of SYMGs emulsification is the dual mechanism of stabilization of emulsions by SYMGs through interfacial adsorption and formation of three-dimensional networks in the continuous phase. This study advances understanding of the interfacial mechanisms of natural emulsifiers with potential carrier properties, highlighting the potential of SYMGs as dual-functional stabilizers and carriers in emulsion systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":318,"journal":{"name":"Food Chemistry","volume":"481 ","pages":"Article 144088"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143734344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}