{"title":"Measurement of surface profile of microstructure","authors":"M. Zhou, Linbo Bai, Zhanzhan Li, Hanmin Yao","doi":"10.1117/12.341284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.341284","url":null,"abstract":"The paper describes the non-contact ultra-high accurate 3D surface profile measuring system for the microstructure, whose surface structure is probably deep and discontinuous. The system is based on the dual-path two-wavelength phase- shifting interferometry and data processing/analysis. To measure the deep microstructure,the generalized two- wavelength measuring method is adopted to expand the depth measuring range. To measure the microstructure whose surface is discontinuous, a new data analysis/processing method is presented, by which the discontinuous surface can be measured without the change of the measuring system. This system has already been applied to measure the surface profile of the various actual microstructures. The results show that the depth resolution of the system is 0.5nm, the depth measuring accuracy is better than 1.3nm. When 20X microscopic lenses is used, the transversal resolution of the system is about 0.5 micrometers , the field is about (phi) 1.325 mm.","PeriodicalId":318748,"journal":{"name":"Design, Test, Integration, and Packaging of MEMS/MOEMS","volume":"129 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114691841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W. Jang, C. Choi, C. S. Lee, Yoonshik Hong, Jong-Hyun Lee
{"title":"Characteristics of residual products in HF gas-phase etching of sacrificial oxides for silicon micromachining","authors":"W. Jang, C. Choi, C. S. Lee, Yoonshik Hong, Jong-Hyun Lee","doi":"10.1117/12.341163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.341163","url":null,"abstract":"We employed a newly developed HF gas-phase etching (GPE) process for the removal of sacrificial oxides. The structural layers are P-doped multi-stacked polysilicon and silicon epi-layer of SOI substrates and sacrificial layers are TEOS, LTO, PSG, and thermal oxides on silicon nitride or polysilicon substrates. The characteristics of residual products on polysilicon or silicon nitride were scrutinized by using SEM and AES. After GPE of TEOS, LTO, and PSG on the silicon nitride substrate, the polysilicon microstructures are stuck to the underlying substrate because neither the SiOxNy layers nor the H3PO4(H2O) layer vaporize. We found that the etching of TEOS, LTO, and thermal oxide on a polysilicon substrate shows no residual product and no stiction.","PeriodicalId":318748,"journal":{"name":"Design, Test, Integration, and Packaging of MEMS/MOEMS","volume":"116 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125972229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Liateni, D. Moulinier, B. Affour, H. Boutamine, J. Karam, D. Veychard, B. Courtois, A. Cao
{"title":"Advanced integrated solution for MEMS design","authors":"K. Liateni, D. Moulinier, B. Affour, H. Boutamine, J. Karam, D. Veychard, B. Courtois, A. Cao","doi":"10.1117/12.341194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.341194","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a fully integrated solution for the development of Micro Electro Mechanical Systems which covers component libraries, design tools and designs methodologies which are used in conjunction with conventional design automation tools. This solutio enables system houses in wireless and optical communications and consumers electronics markets to reduce their internal development costs and significantly accelerate their product development cycles.","PeriodicalId":318748,"journal":{"name":"Design, Test, Integration, and Packaging of MEMS/MOEMS","volume":"1996 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128208593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Di Chen, Dacheng Zhang, G. Ding, Xiaolin Zhao, Jilin Zhang, Cunsheng Yang, B. Cai
{"title":"DEM technique: a new three-dimensional microfabrication technique for nonsilicon materials","authors":"Di Chen, Dacheng Zhang, G. Ding, Xiaolin Zhao, Jilin Zhang, Cunsheng Yang, B. Cai","doi":"10.1117/12.341181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.341181","url":null,"abstract":"DEM technique developed by present authors is a new 3D micro fabrication technique for non-silicon materials such as metals, plastics and ceramics. In comparison with LIGA technique, it does not need expensive synchrotron radiation source and x-ray masks. DEM technique has both advantages of bulk silicon micro fabrication technique and LIGA technique. In the present research, we obtained metallic mold insert with structure depth of 180 micrometers and aspect ratio more than 20. A successful development of DEm technique opens a new way for 3D micro fabrication of non-silicon materials.","PeriodicalId":318748,"journal":{"name":"Design, Test, Integration, and Packaging of MEMS/MOEMS","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128633208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design of spatial light modulator microdevices: microslit arrays","authors":"R. Riesenberg, T. Seifert","doi":"10.1117/12.341227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.341227","url":null,"abstract":"Spatial light modulators are the well known digital mirror devices (DMD), micromechanical switching arrays and arrays of micro Fabry-Perots. As a new design micro slit arrays are presented. A micromachining technology was developed for microfabrication. Slits with dimensions of 3 micrometers ...1 mm were prepared on a membrane with a thickness of 1 micrometers . The aspect ratio is excellent. Dimensions down to optical aberration corrected limitation of microdevices and nearly down to light wavelength can be realized. Designs are addressable micro slit arrays in two membrane technology and coded micro slit arrays in one and two membrane architecture with more than 100 elements. Their principles, the design and their optical performance are discussed. The future application of these spatial light modulator microdevices is the digital light processing. The performance for example of a microspectrometer with the micro slit array is the increase of spectral resolution up to the factor of 2.6 based on generation of additional subpixels and simultaneously the increase of signal to noise ratio up to the factor of 10 and the parallelization by more than 100 modulator elements or light sources and its multiplexing. The application of micro slit arrays for realization of the HADAMARD principle is presented.","PeriodicalId":318748,"journal":{"name":"Design, Test, Integration, and Packaging of MEMS/MOEMS","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126633466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"MEMS for space applications","authors":"L. Miller","doi":"10.1117/12.341193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.341193","url":null,"abstract":"Phenomenal advances in MicroElectroMechanical Systems (MEMS) performance has made this technology attractive for the development of micro- and nano-spacecraft. However, much work remains to be done. The space environment is harsh: extreme heat and cold, thermal cycling, radiation effects, and corrosive environments put conventional device designs at risk. Reliably, packaging and flight qualification methodologies need to be developed for MEMS to produce robust devices for a successful future in space micromissions. These issues are discussed in this paper, along with examples of micromissions, MEMS devices in development for space applications, and the ultimate in device integration: a system-on-a-chip.","PeriodicalId":318748,"journal":{"name":"Design, Test, Integration, and Packaging of MEMS/MOEMS","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116628877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Z. Mrcarica, V. Risojevic, M. Lenczner, M. Jakovljević, V. Litovski
{"title":"Integrated simulator for MEMS using FEM implementation in AHDL and frontal solver for large sparse systems of equations","authors":"Z. Mrcarica, V. Risojevic, M. Lenczner, M. Jakovljević, V. Litovski","doi":"10.1117/12.341214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.341214","url":null,"abstract":"MEMS that exhibit strong coupling between electronics and mechanics need to be described and simulated in a united simulation environment, in order to achieve more flexibility from the description point of view, and to avoid convergence problems. Behavioral simulators and analogue hardware description languages enable modeling of MEMS. Even space- continuous mechanical problems can be described in the hardware description language. That description should and can be automated. Space-discretization commonly leads to very large system of equations. For solving such systems, mechanical FEM simulators usually exploit iterative algorithms that have very low memory demands. However, if the problem at hand contains electronics, as in the case of intelligent materials, iterative methods might be not applicable, since the convergence is not guaranteed anymore. In our behavioral simulator we have implemented a frontal solver, enabling solution of very large sparse matrices with modest main memory resources by storing only part of the matrix at the time. Thermal problems with more than 20000 nodes have been simulated.","PeriodicalId":318748,"journal":{"name":"Design, Test, Integration, and Packaging of MEMS/MOEMS","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124906246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Megtert, Franz J. Pantenburg, S. Achenbach, R. Kupka, J. Mohr, M. Roulliay
{"title":"Preliminary results on the use of mirrors for LIGA process","authors":"S. Megtert, Franz J. Pantenburg, S. Achenbach, R. Kupka, J. Mohr, M. Roulliay","doi":"10.1117/12.341158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.341158","url":null,"abstract":"A double mirror system has been studied and realized for purposes of Deep x-ray Lithography/LIGA. Because structuring high aspect ratio resist ask for high photon flux to maintain exposure time compatible with industrial process, hard x-ray synchrotron radiation is necessary and its broadband spectrum is normally used. However one would need to shape this spectrum on both low and high-energy parts. The former may lead to resist surface overdoes and is treated by means of appropriate filters. The later is prejudicial at resist-metallic substrate interface where high-energy photons are preferentially absorbed giving rise to extra-dose even behind absorber patterns. This may result in microstructures adhesion break down for positive resist and incomplete dissolution for negative tone ones. A mirror set up in the upstream beam-line is a correct answer to prevent these effects. The association of filters and mirror gives an adjustable band-pass filter to fit almost exposure requirements in deep x-ray lithography. Preliminary result of such a system are presented concerning its band-pass filter character, flux performances and first comparative effects on resist microstructures.","PeriodicalId":318748,"journal":{"name":"Design, Test, Integration, and Packaging of MEMS/MOEMS","volume":"297 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122482762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design of MEMS and microsystems","authors":"D. Nagel","doi":"10.1117/12.341196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.341196","url":null,"abstract":"Facile, integrated and comprehensive software is needed for the design of processes, models and simulation, which are required for effective production of MEMS and microsystems. The characteristics of computer-aided design software now available from seven companies are reviewed. Three of the firms have roots in microelectronics, and three were formed specifically for MEMS design. Electronic, mechanical, thermal and fluidic mechanisms are commonly included. One company is especially strong in microfluidics. Two of the design suites permit computational coupling between a MEMS device and its package. High spatial- and temporal- resolution optical diagnostics are now producing detailed data that will challenge design and simulation software for MEMS and microsystems. Near and far term prospects for the CAD of MEMS and microsystems are projected.","PeriodicalId":318748,"journal":{"name":"Design, Test, Integration, and Packaging of MEMS/MOEMS","volume":"45 9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116529802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Manufacturing of microstructures using ultraprecision machine tools","authors":"M. Weck, S. Fischer","doi":"10.1117/12.341232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.341232","url":null,"abstract":"The fabrication of microstructured workpieces with conventional manufacturing methods, such as turning, milling, shaping or drilling--imposes high demands on the machine behavior and the tool properties. The requirements in terms of machine characteristics are currently met by only few machine tools. An ultra precision milling machine which permits microstructures to be manufactured with optical quality has been designed and built at the IPT in Aachen. Using natural diamond cutting tools, a broad range of materials like, for example non-ferrous metals or plastics, can be machined, producing real 3D-structures with a surface roughness of below 5 nm Ra. Only the diamond can be sharped to the required level of accuracy. Cutting edge sharpness and rounded are crucial to the manufacturing quality of the work piece. Minimum structure sizes in the submicron range and aspect ratios of more than hundred have been achieved by diamond matching at the IPT. Even small series or prototypes can be manufactured flexible and cost- effectively when mechanical cutting techniques are applied. Parts can be mass-produced cheaply when reproduction techniques, such as galvanic forming, injection molding or stamping are applied.","PeriodicalId":318748,"journal":{"name":"Design, Test, Integration, and Packaging of MEMS/MOEMS","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133211121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}