I. Šimkienė, V. Snitka, K. Naudzius, V. Pačebutas, M. Rackaitis
{"title":"Characterization of porous silicon for solar cell application by atomic force microscopy","authors":"I. Šimkienė, V. Snitka, K. Naudzius, V. Pačebutas, M. Rackaitis","doi":"10.1117/12.341190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.341190","url":null,"abstract":"The anodically etched macroporous and nanoporous silicon layers (PS) were tested in order to determine their surface roughness dependence eon fabrication method. Porous silicon layers were obtained by electrochemical etching of n-type wafers, and then highly doped. Deep P+ layers were prepared by boron diffusion into the PS from spin-on glass glasses. The structure of PS surface of solar cells obtained was examined by atomic force microscopy. The system of PS coated with nanoporous PS as a antireflection coating exhibited a uniform macroarray of regular square and faceted large features of various sizes as a texturisated solar cell with average 1.43 micrometers high and computed roughness parameter Rz - 2.37 micrometers . For the same macroporous silicon sample without additional nanoporous silicon layer computed Rz was 4.84 micrometers . This could be explained by electropolishing of macroporous silicon surface. The obtained results confirm that AFM can be employed for the accurate measurement of the shape of macroporous silicon covered by the nanoporous silicon layer.","PeriodicalId":318748,"journal":{"name":"Design, Test, Integration, and Packaging of MEMS/MOEMS","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134016080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"High-precision positioning stage for microassembly purposes","authors":"M. Weck, B. Petersen","doi":"10.1117/12.341267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.341267","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a LC-SEM will be presented as observation device for micro assembly purposes. Compared to other means of magnification it offers several advantages like, for instance, a large depth of field. A gripper which can be operated inside this LC-SEM has been developed and tested. It can be equipped with an endoscope for additional process observation. Its gripping arms can be changed according to the assembly task. For precise and flexible positioning of the griper a complex 7-axes positioning system has been designed. It can be operated in the LC-SEM too, and offers a tool-center-point movement of the gripper in order to keep all assembly operations in the focus of the SEM. With these devices further study of micro assembly will be possible.","PeriodicalId":318748,"journal":{"name":"Design, Test, Integration, and Packaging of MEMS/MOEMS","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131830292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Mottier, E. Ollier, P. Pouteau, Karine Petroz, Sylvie Jarjayes
{"title":"Moems at Leti","authors":"P. Mottier, E. Ollier, P. Pouteau, Karine Petroz, Sylvie Jarjayes","doi":"10.1117/12.341258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.341258","url":null,"abstract":"We give a quick overview of MOEMS technologies under development at LETI. We mainly focus on recent developments in relation with the 'Europractice Competence Center Number 3' dedicated to MOEMS whose LETI is the coordinator. MOEMS are optical devices offering simultaneously optical and mechanical functions, and achieved in a collective manner by means of microelectronics like process and machines. Different devices and demonstrators already exist at LETI such as micro-switches for optical fiber networks, vibration sensors, scanning devices for laser or are under development such as tunable Fabry-Perot interferometers. Examples and performances are presented.","PeriodicalId":318748,"journal":{"name":"Design, Test, Integration, and Packaging of MEMS/MOEMS","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134172919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Toru Shimizu, Y. Murakoshi, Z. Wang, R. Maeda, T. Sano
{"title":"Microfabrication technique for thick structure of metals and PZT","authors":"Toru Shimizu, Y. Murakoshi, Z. Wang, R. Maeda, T. Sano","doi":"10.1117/12.341236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.341236","url":null,"abstract":"Micro fabrication techniques for thick structure are developed. One method is a micro fabrication method using injection molding. And another method is the coating method using hydro gel. First method is almost same technique which is named MIM or CIM. In the process, the powder is mixed with the binder and mixture is injection molded. the molded parts are extracted the binder using supercritical carbon dioxide, and sintered. Employing this process, micro pattern which has aspect ratio more than 5 can be molded by metal powder and PZT. In this method, a micro pattern made by laser ablation is used as a die. As compared with other micro fabrication techniques, this method can utilize the molding die repeatedly. Consequently, the producing cost of micro parts can be decreased by this method on actual production process. Second method is a technique which uses the PVA hydrogel. The powder is mixed with water which contains the PVA from 3 to 15 percent. The mixed compound is sandwiched with PE films.It is froze and a gel sheet which has thickness from 40 to 100 micrometers is obtained. Using the sheet, the ceramic and metal are coated on the Silicon wafer, and thick structure is fabricated.","PeriodicalId":318748,"journal":{"name":"Design, Test, Integration, and Packaging of MEMS/MOEMS","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134462790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Construction and manufacturing of a microgearhead with 1.9-mm outer diameter for universal application","authors":"C. Thuerigen, U. Beckord, R. Bessey","doi":"10.1117/12.341242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.341242","url":null,"abstract":"Many new applications in medicine, telecommunication, automation systems etc. require powerful microdrives. Speeds up to 100.000 rpm and output torques in the (mu) Nm-range are typical characteristics of electromagnetic micromotors with diameters of a few millimeters. To accomplish a powerful microdrive, these micromotors have to be combined with micro gearheads of the same outer diameter. For such a micro gearhead with toothed wheels manufactured by use of the LIGA process a multi-stage planetary gear has many advantages. Many stages with different gear ratios can be combined to achieve a great number of different transmission, but manufacturing tolerances and a clearance for assembly must be respected. Therefore besides the selection of a reliable gearhead type and a suitable manufacturing process the optimization of the tooth profile is the key to the implementation of powerful micro gear systems with high output torques and efficiencies. The involute profile is the most suitable toothing, but many calculations and simulations are required to find the right modulus, total depth of teeth, profile offset etc. In a joint project Dr. Fritz Faulhaber GmbH and Co. KG and the Institut fuer Mikrotechnik Mainz GmbH developed a powerful microdevice with an outer diameter of only 1.9 mm.","PeriodicalId":318748,"journal":{"name":"Design, Test, Integration, and Packaging of MEMS/MOEMS","volume":"25 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114133430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Kurzweg, S. Levitan, P. Marchand, J. A. Martínez, K. R. Prough, D. Chiarulli
{"title":"Modeling and simulating optical MEMS using Chatoyant","authors":"T. Kurzweg, S. Levitan, P. Marchand, J. A. Martínez, K. R. Prough, D. Chiarulli","doi":"10.1117/12.341207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.341207","url":null,"abstract":"The use of MEMS technology has enabled the fabrication of micro-optical and micro-electro-mechanical systems on a common substrate. This has led to new challenges in computer aided design of optical micro-electro-mechanical systems. We have extended our opto-electronic system DAD tool, Chatoyant, to attempt to meet the needs to optical MEMS designers. This paper present new component models and analysis techniques which extend our tool to support optical MEMS design. We demonstrate these extensions with the analysis of a micro-optical high speed FT engine and a 1 by 2 optical MEM interferometer switch.","PeriodicalId":318748,"journal":{"name":"Design, Test, Integration, and Packaging of MEMS/MOEMS","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115884665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design, fabrication, and thrust prediction of solid propellant microthrusters for space application","authors":"C. Rossi, N. Fabre, V. Conedera, D. Estève","doi":"10.1117/12.341157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.341157","url":null,"abstract":"With the development of microspacecraft technology micropropulsion concepts are introduce for course correction, orbit insertion as well as attitude control of the microspacecraft. In this context, we have introduced a new concept of MEMS based technology microthruster responding to the spatial constraints and MEMS characteristics. The originality and advantages of these new thrusters is the use of only one solid propellant stored in a small tank micromachined in a ceramic or silicon substrate and the possibility of fabricating arrays of N addressable independently microthrusters in the same chip. The thrust force generated can be set from a few (mu) N to a few 150mN by geometrical and dimensional considerations. Fabrication and assembly of array of 16 microthrusters proved the technological feasibility and the functioning performances of this new concept of small scale thrusters.","PeriodicalId":318748,"journal":{"name":"Design, Test, Integration, and Packaging of MEMS/MOEMS","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116166275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Integrated CAD tools for top-down design of MEMS/MOEMS systems","authors":"B. Romanowicz, S. Bart, J. Gilbert","doi":"10.1117/12.341200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.341200","url":null,"abstract":"Development of MEMS/MOEMS products is currently hampered by the need for design aids, which can assist in integration of all domains of the design. The cross-disciplinary character of MST requires a top-down approach to system design which, in turn, requires designers from many areas to work together in order to understand the effects of one sub-system on another. This paper describes current research on a methodology and tool-set which directly supports such an integrated design process.","PeriodicalId":318748,"journal":{"name":"Design, Test, Integration, and Packaging of MEMS/MOEMS","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123514671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Providing technology infrastructure for MEMS","authors":"R. Ribas, D. Veychard, J. Karam, B. Courtois","doi":"10.1117/12.341213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.341213","url":null,"abstract":"CMP has been providing infrastructures for integrated circuits manufacturing since 1981. These infrastructures have been extended to provide services for MEMS manufacturing. These services are available to Universities and Companies.","PeriodicalId":318748,"journal":{"name":"Design, Test, Integration, and Packaging of MEMS/MOEMS","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128479273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Sarkisov, A. Darwish, H. Abdeldayem, G. Adamovsky, M. Kulishov, C. Banks, JaChing Wang
{"title":"Fabrication of MEMS using liquid jet dispensing technique","authors":"S. Sarkisov, A. Darwish, H. Abdeldayem, G. Adamovsky, M. Kulishov, C. Banks, JaChing Wang","doi":"10.1117/12.341278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.341278","url":null,"abstract":"We describe a simple yet efficient technique of delineation of various polymer MEMS structures using computer driven liquid jet dispenser. A syringe-type dispenser with a replaceable needle is filled with a polymer solution and mounted on a vertical translation stage. The substrate is mounted on two-coordinate horizontal translation stage. Additional vertical translation arm is connected to the plunger of the syringe. Vertical translation provides positioning of the needle at a certain height over the substrate. Delineation is accomplished when the syringe plunger, being pushed down by the vertical translation arm, dispenses the liquid on the substrate at a programmable flow rate simultaneously with horizontal motion of the substrate with respect to the needle. Horizontal motion is done along a programmable trajectory at a programmable sped. Comparing to conventional methods, the proposed device consumes three order of magnitude less amount of material for the fabrication of similar MEMS structures. In addition, we describe a supplement to the liquid delineation system in the form of a microscope objective head connected to a noncoherent UV source with a multimode optical fiber. The head can serve as a tool for UV curing of the polymer material deposited with the jet dispenser as well as a separate UV writing tool. In conclusion, we describe the calculation technique for the distribution of the electric field in electrically or optically controlled ferroelectric polymer MEMS fabricated by the proposed technique.","PeriodicalId":318748,"journal":{"name":"Design, Test, Integration, and Packaging of MEMS/MOEMS","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128633692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}